UCLA forum in medical sciences最新文献_第7页

Discussion: neurophysiological substrates of behavioral habituation and conditioning. 讨论:行为习惯和条件反射的神经生理基础。

UCLA forum in medical sciences Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50025-2

C D Woody

引用次数: 1

Discussion: "Operant sensitization" and some remarks on unit recording in conscious animals. 讨论:“操作性致敏”及对有意识动物单位记录的几点看法。

UCLA forum in medical sciences Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50027-6

S S Soltysik

引用次数: 1

Age, sex, and experience as related to the neural basis of cognitive development. 与认知发展的神经基础有关的年龄、性别和经验。

UCLA forum in medical sciences Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50028-8

P S Goldman

{"title":"Age, sex, and experience as related to the neural basis of cognitive development.","authors":"P S Goldman","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50028-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50028-8","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of rhesus monkeys raised from infancy without portions of the central nervous systems provide evidence regarding the timing of functional maturity of specific regions. Some findings have been presented which show that deficits following lesions of specific cortical areas emerge at that age when abilities dependent upon the cortical area in question take on adult form in unoperated monkeys. However, age is but a convenient abstraction for conditions that vary over time. One such condition is the presence and titer of gonadal hormones. The finding that orbital functions may develop at different times in males and females is of interest from a number of perspectives, but it is especially stimulating to consider the possibility that the development of cortical tissue may be regulated by neuroendocrine factors in a fashion analogous to that envisioned for differentiation of hypothalamic mechanisms. Finally, experiential factors may depend greatly on the maturational status of those brain regions designed to be recipients of that stimulation. The fact that young children acquire second languages with far greater ease than adults or conversely that language fails to develop before 18-28 months of age regardless of training are features of human experience consistent with the interdependence of experience and neurological maturation. The present finding that training at relatively early periods of development facilitated recovery from brain injury indicates further that brain-damaged individuals can be even more sensitive to the effects of previous experience than intact cases. Age, sex, and experience are factors that may be isolated for experimental purposes and for the purpose of discussion. However, it is precisely the complex interactions of these variables that constitute the subject matter of future research in neurobiology, to which studies of infant monkeys may contribute animal models of normal and disordered human development.","PeriodicalId":76774,"journal":{"name":"UCLA forum in medical sciences","volume":" 18","pages":"379-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11999517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

The enzymology of Tay-Sachs disease and its variant forms. Tay-Sachs病及其变异形式的酶学。

UCLA forum in medical sciences Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50035-5

J F Tallman

引用次数: 1

Neuronal control of neurochemical processes in the basal ganglia. 基底神经节神经化学过程的神经元控制。

UCLA forum in medical sciences Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50018-5

A Heller, P C Hoffmann

引用次数: 5

Discussion: Nigrostriatal projections and the "dopamine report". 讨论:黑质纹状体投射和“多巴胺报告”。

UCLA forum in medical sciences Pub Date : 1975-01-01

A M Adinolfi

引用次数: 0

Discussion: L-dopa-induced improvement of conditioned response inhibition. 讨论:左旋多巴诱导条件反应抑制的改善。

UCLA forum in medical sciences Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50019-7

A Kitsikis

引用次数: 2

Dopamine-containing neurons of the substantia nigra and their terminals in the neostriatum. 新纹状体中含有多巴胺的黑质神经元及其末端。

UCLA forum in medical sciences Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50021-5

V M Tennyson, C Mytilineou, R Heikkila, R E Barrett, G Cohen, L Côté, P E Duffy, L Marco

{"title":"Dopamine-containing neurons of the substantia nigra and their terminals in the neostriatum.","authors":"V M Tennyson, C Mytilineou, R Heikkila, R E Barrett, G Cohen, L Côté, P E Duffy, L Marco","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50021-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50021-5","url":null,"abstract":"Tne ultrastructural and fluorescence histochemical characteristics of the mature rabbit substantia nigra and neostriatum have been reviewed as a frame of reference for the developmental study. Biochemical investigations were reported on neostriatal dopamine concentrations and the relative uptake and accumulation of 3H-dopamine by this tissue from fetal to adult stages, to provide quantitative data for correlation with the fluorexcence information. The development of the neurons of the substantia nigra and their axons which project to the neostriatum has been presented from their appearance at day 14 of gestation to their maturation in early postnatal life. The initial bipolar neuroblasts, which develop in the midline of the caudal mesencephalon, are fluorescent as soon as they emerge from the ependymal zone. Their fluorescent axons, which form the nigroneostriatal pathway, reach the telencephalon at day 16 of gestation and ramify extensively in the putamen by day 20, but do not enter the caudate nucleus until several days later. Some of the early fluorescent axonal profiles in the putamen are extremely large. Electron microscopic study of theis stage suggests that the large fluorescent profiles may correspond to axonal growth cones or early synapses. A distinct substantia nigra, pars compacta and reticulata, can be recognized by fluorescence microscopy by day 20 of gestation. Electron microscopy reveals that the young neurons are multipolar with numerous developing dendrites, some of which exhibit early synaptic junctions. The subsequent maturaition of these cells and the neuropil is described. The fluorescent axons of the substantia nigra grow into the putamen and caudate nucleus in a nonuniform manner forming fluorescent islands throughout the neostriatum in late fetal life. Occasionally, minute beaded fluorescent axons are found. These profiles might correspond to some of the axons with varicosities \"en passage\" revealed by electron microscopy. In an attempt to identify further the dopamine-containing axon, the ultratructure of adult neostriatum incubated in 5-hydroxydopamine was reported. Axonal varicosities \"en passage\" containing a dense \"tag\" in the vesicles were found. Most of the tagged boutons did not exhibit synaptic contacts. The possible significance of these finding s as related to dopamine secretion are discussed.","PeriodicalId":76774,"journal":{"name":"UCLA forum in medical sciences","volume":" 18","pages":"227-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11225489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Discussion: Acetylcholine and the caudate. 讨论:乙酰胆碱和尾状核。

UCLA forum in medical sciences Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50020-3

J Blass

引用次数: 1

Snyaptic and dendritic development and mental defect. snytic和dendritic的发育和智力缺陷。

UCLA forum in medical sciences Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50013-6

P R Huttenlocher

{"title":"Snyaptic and dendritic development and mental defect.","authors":"P R Huttenlocher","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50013-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-139050-1.50013-6","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothesis that specific defects in synaptic and dendritic development of cerebral cortex may form the anatomical basis in some cases of mental defect has been examined by electron microscopy and by use of the Golgi-Cos method. Two types of abnormality have been identified to date. One is a specific lesion of presynaptic terminals, first reported by Gonatas and Goldensohn (14) in a child with mental retardation and myoclonic seizures. This lesion, consisting of massive proliferation of membranous structures in terminal axons, appears to be rare and may be the anatomical substrate of one or more genetically determined dementing illnesses in infancy. More commonly, cerebral cortex from the severely retarded shows defects in number, length, and spatial arrangement of dendrites and synapses, best demonstrated by the Golgi method. Such abnormalities have been found in six out of eleven brains from severely retarded individuals examined by us. The etiology of the retardation was unknown in the majority; two had other recognizable developmental malformations of brain. It is suggested that a number of different etiological factors, if active during the period of rapid synaptic and dendritic growth in cerebral cortex (i. e., from the last trimester of pregnancy to the end of the first postnatal year) may result in stunted development of these structures.","PeriodicalId":76774,"journal":{"name":"UCLA forum in medical sciences","volume":" 18","pages":"123-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12376010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51