American Journal of Reproductive Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Abandoning Reproductive Science Betrays Us All","authors":"Jessica Weng, Jennifer L. Wayland, Indira U. Mysorekar, Elizabeth A. Bonney","doi":"10.1111/aji.70199","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-Exposed Seronegative Female Sex Workers Show Different Cellular Immune Profiles Across the Menstrual Cycle","authors":"Monika M. Kowatsch,&nbsp;Kenneth Omollo,&nbsp;Frideborg Bradley,&nbsp;Anna Månberg,&nbsp;Peter Nilsson,&nbsp;Sofia Bergström,&nbsp;Julius Oyugi,&nbsp;Joshua Kimani,&nbsp;Kristina Broliden,&nbsp;Keith R. Fowke,&nbsp;Julie Lajoie","doi":"10.1111/aji.70198","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Female sex workers (FSWs) are at higher risk of acquiring HIV. Interestingly, some FSWs who are highly exposed remain seronegative for HIV (HESN). This natural resistance to HIV infection has been attributed to an immune quiescence (IQ) phenotype. Our study investigates how the menstrual cycle phases (follicular and luteal) impact the immune responses in Kenyan FSWs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a part of the Longitudinal Assessment of Mucosal Immune Quiescence study (LAMIQ), 48 FSWs not living with HIV and not using hormonal contraception were followed for a menstrual cycle and divided into two groups based on duration of sex work: New Negative (NN) with 3 years or less and HESN with at least 7 years of involvement in sex work. We obtained blood and cervicovaginal samples and measured sex hormone, cytokine, and chemokine levels, and blood and endocervical T-cell and NK-cell phenotypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed differences in how the immune response of NN and HESN responds to sex hormones. Indeed, the level of mucosal Annexin A3 measured was higher during the luteal phase in HESN, which was not observed in NN. HESN exhibited a higher CD39 expression on their Treg during the luteal phase, while maintaining CTLA-4 expression compared to NN. Furthermore, in HESN, NK cell activation varied across the menstrual cycle phases. They had a higher expression of NKG2D and an increase in the cluster of CD95+ HLA-DR+ NK cells during the follicular phase. This suggests stronger innate immune activation in HESN during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data indicate that, in HESN, there is a modulation of the immune response based on the menstrual cycle, which potentially limits the availability of HIV target cells at the female genital tract during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (window of susceptibility).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12716113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles for the Maintenance of Pregnancies in Situations of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: Scoping Review","authors":"Marcelo Garrido,&nbsp;Francisco Monico Moreira,&nbsp;Luis Antonio Gilberti Panucci,&nbsp;Graziela Garrido Mori","doi":"10.1111/aji.70197","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the immune system's role in pregnancy, the immunomodulation generated by the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been considered a possible treatment in situations of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Thus, this study evaluated, through a scoping review, the applicability of extracellular vesicle therapies for immunomodulation in maintaining pregnancies in situations of RSA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was based on the Guidance for Conducting Systematic Scoping Reviews and was registered on the OSF Home platform. A systematic search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2025 by two independent reviewers to answer the question addressed in the present review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 440 articles were analyzed, and after applying the eligibility criteria and excluding duplicate studies, three studies were selected. All three studies showed reduced embryonic absorption, promoting pregnancy maintenance. The EVs were extracted from trophoblasts, decidual stromal cells, or bone marrow stem cells, and administered intravenously, primarily, in dose of 100 or 200 µg. All EVs have immunomodulatory relevance in pregnancy, modifying the lymphocyte and cytokine patterns, and contributing to angiogenesis and trophoblast growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conclude that EVs represent a potential area for the development of future therapies for pregnancies with RSA, and new studies are necessary to confirm these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arginine Metabolism in Decidual Macrophages During Pregnancy","authors":"Yonghong Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Mei,&nbsp;Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1111/aji.70196","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maternal immune tolerance to the semi-allogeneic fetus is essential for successful pregnancy, while immune defense against pathogens must be preserved. Decidual macrophages (DMs) are critical regulators at the maternal–fetal interface, involved in trophoblast invasion, vascular remodeling, and immune modulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review integrates findings from human studies, animal models, and in vitro experiments to explore how arginine metabolism regulates macrophage polarization and pregnancy outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arginine metabolism influences DM function via two major pathways: iNOS promotes M1 polarization and pro-inflammatory activity, while Arg-1 supports M2 polarization, tissue remodeling, and immune tolerance. Dysregulation of this balance is associated with pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Pathogens like <b><i>Helicobacter pylori</i></b> and <b><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i></b> exploit Arg-1 activity to evade host immunity. Clinical studies also suggest that L-arginine supplementation can improve placental function and fetal growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arginine metabolism is a key modulator of macrophage polarization and immune balance in pregnancy. Targeting this pathway may offer novel therapeutic strategies to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12710148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HLA-G, IL-6 and TGF-β in Seminal Plasma as Potential Biomarkers of ART Outcome","authors":"Andreas Schallmoser,&nbsp;Norah Emrich,&nbsp;Luca Masslow,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Allam,&nbsp;Rebekka Einenkel,&nbsp;Nicole Sänger","doi":"10.1111/aji.70195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between the immune system and embryo implantation is intricate and not yet fully understood. Although a genetically normal (euploid) embryo is essential, successful implantation also relies on carefully regulated immune responses that promote tolerance and prevent rejection. The main objective of this study was to examine the paternal levels of the immunoregulatory factors HLA-G, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß and interleukin (IL)-6 and to investigate possible correlations with other semen parameters, age and pregnancy outcome of the female partner.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seminal plasma samples from 225 men were collected from 2022 to 2025, divided into four groups (live birth, biochemical pregnancy, abortion, no pregnancy) and determined for immunological profiling using commercial HLA-G, TGF-ß and IL-6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SHLA-G levels were significantly lower in the live birth group compared to biochemical pregnancies (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) non-pregnancies (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and in abortions compared to non-pregnancies (<i>p</i> = 0.004). TGF-β levels were reduced in all pregnancy-related groups versus non-pregnancies (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). IL-6 levels were lower in biochemical pregnancies compared to non-pregnancies (<i>p</i> = 0.017). Absolute HLA-G levels were lower in live births (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and were reduced in abortions (<i>p</i> = 0.004) compared to non-pregnancies. Absolute TGF-ß values were significantly lower in the live birth group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) compared to non-pregnancies. Absolute TGF-β and IL-6 levels were also decreased in biochemical pregnancies compared to non-pregnancies (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.03, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings show that seminal plasma levels of HLA-G, TGF-β and IL-6 differ significantly among pregnancy outcome groups in ART cycles, underlining a potential role of these immunological factors in influencing reproductive success. These results highlight the importance of seminal immunological profiling as a possible predictive tool for ART outcomes and warrant further investigation in larger cohorts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12704035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145755032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Early Pregnancy Isolated Leukocytosis With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes","authors":"Ji Yeon Lee,&nbsp;Hanna Lee,&nbsp;Yeomin E. Kang,&nbsp;Min Jeong Kwak,&nbsp;Nari Kim","doi":"10.1111/aji.70194","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between first-trimester white blood cell (WBC) levels and adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes, and to identify a WBC threshold linked to poor prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of healthy singleton pregnancies delivered between 2014 and 2023. Women with fever at the time of the first-trimester test, infection, or autoimmune diseases were excluded. Participants were categorized into eight groups based on WBC count (7500 to ≥15 000/µL). A high WBC group (≥14 000/µL, <i>n</i> = 258) was compared with a randomly selected control group (<i>n</i> = 516; WBC 7500–9999). Maternal and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Outcomes included obstetric, perinatal, and neonatal complications. Statistical analyses used Chi-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariate logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 3895 pregnancies, higher first-trimester WBC counts were associated with increased pre-pregnancy BMI, nulliparity, and in vitro fertilization conception. Groups with elevated WBC counts showed significantly higher risks of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes (GDM), and preterm birth (PTB) before 34 and 36 weeks. Neonatal outcomes, including lower birth weight, higher rates of gestational age (SGA) and neonatal intensive unit (NICU) admission, were also more frequent in higher WBC groups. In a nested case–control analysis, WBC ≥14 000 was independently associated with increased risks of preeclampsia (aOR 3.54), PTB before 34 weeks (aOR 5.65) and 36 weeks (aOR 6.96), SGA (aOR 6.41), and NICU admission (aOR 2.11).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High first-trimester WBC counts (≥14 000/µL) are significantly associated with PTB, preeclampsia, SGA, and NICU admission and may serve as an early clinical predictor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145755035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circ_0111277 impedes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cell by modulating miR-411-5p/GADD45A axis in preeclampsia.","authors":"Yan Sun, Chao Meng, Limin Yu","doi":"10.1111/aji.13703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial supervisory factors that are applied in varied diseases, comprising preeclampsia (PE). This paper reconnoiters the effect of circ_0111277 in trophoblast cell.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were executed to quantify the abundance of circ_0111277, microRNA-411-5p (miR-411-5p) and growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha (GADD45A). The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation test, and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay were carried out to evaluate the cell proliferation. The cell migration and invasion were measured by transwell assay and wound healing assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay distinguished the binding between miR-411-5p and circ_0111277 or GADD45A.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Circ_0111277 and GADD45A were enlarged, but miR-411-5p was hampered in PE. Circ_0111277 privation triggered cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the miR-411-5p inhibitor overturned the consequence of si-circ_0111277 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Moreover, miR-411-5p mimic stimulated HTR-8/SVneo cells growth by adjusting GADD45A expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Circ_0111277 invigorated PE advancement via miR-411-5p/GADD45A. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145720327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG Exposure During Pregnancy and Effects on Maternal Inflammatory Response—A Blinded, Pilot Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study","authors":"Mahsa Nordqvist,&nbsp;Maria Hallingström,&nbsp;Alice Nerén,&nbsp;Maria Bullarbo,&nbsp;Pihla Kuusela,&nbsp;Malin Barman,&nbsp;Pontus Thulin,&nbsp;Verena Sengpiel,&nbsp;Bo Jacobsson","doi":"10.1111/aji.70190","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70190","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate whether <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG</i> intake during pregnancy influences maternal cytokine levels and lymphocyte subpopulations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pregnant women were categorized into three groups: those with a history of spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD) (<i>n</i> = 40), those with a history of preeclampsia (<i>n</i> = 40), and nulliparous or parous women without a history of PTD or preeclampsia (<i>n</i> = 40). Participants were randomized to receive either <i>L. rhamnosus GG</i> or a placebo. Maternal blood samples were collected at baseline before gestational week 19 (visit 1) and around gestational weeks 25 and 35 (visits 2 and 3).</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary outcome was the change in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in monocytes after stimulation of maternal blood with <i>Escherichia coli</i> lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Secondary outcomes included lymphocyte subpopulation analysis and changes in TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-12 levels after stimulation with <i>E. coli</i> LPS, <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i>, or <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the intention-to-treat analysis, no significant differences in TNF-α levels were observed. However, a sensitivity analysis excluding participants with fever or recent antibiotic use (<i>n</i> = 27) revealed a significant decrease in TNF-α levels in the intervention group at visit 2 compared to an increase in the placebo group (mean difference −11785 cells/mL, 95% CI: −22459 to −1287, <i>p</i> = 0.03). Secondary analyses showed lower total lymphocyte, T-cell, IL-10, and IL-12 levels at visit 2 and higher IL-10 and IL-12 levels at visit 3 in the intervention group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although <i>L. rhamnosus GG</i> did not significantly affect TNF-α levels, its influence on lymphocyte and cytokine levels warrants further investigation through larger trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aji.70190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombomodulin and CXCL6 Altered Expression in Preeclampsia: Serum-Placental Biomarker Correlations and Clinical Significance","authors":"Xiaobao Lai,&nbsp;Lihua Sheng,&nbsp;Zhihua Liao,&nbsp;Shan Wu,&nbsp;Mengqi Lin,&nbsp;Xin Zeng,&nbsp;Pan Huang,&nbsp;Weiming Yang,&nbsp;Juanjuan Chen","doi":"10.1111/aji.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to examine the expression levels of thrombomodulin (THBD) and C-X-C motif ligand 6 (CXCL6/GCP-2) in the serum and placental tissues of pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE) and assess their clinical significance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional study, a cohort comprising 96 pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia (PE) and 119 healthy pregnant counterparts was selected from Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, encompassing January 2024 to December 2024. The levels of THBD and CXCL6 in serum and placental tissues were assessed. The Mann‒Whitney <i>U</i> test was used to compare the differences between two groups, and the Spearman test was used to evaluate the risk factors for PE via correlation analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum THBD and CXCL6 levels were significantly elevated in the PE group compared to controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with a positive correlation between the two markers (<i>r</i> = 0.41, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated reduced THBD and CXCL6 expression in placental syncytiotrophoblasts (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), alongside diminished THBD immunoreactivity in vascular endothelial cells (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified CXCL6, uric acid (UA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as independent risk factors for PE, while albumin (Alb) emerged as a protective factor (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In pregnant women with PE, the serum levels of THBD and CXCL6 are increased, whereas their expression in placental tissue is decreased. CXCL6 emerges as an independent risk factor for PE, with expression patterns independent of gestational age confounding, while THBD shows PE-specific gestational age-related effects that provide additional insights into disease pathophysiology. These findings indicate that the inflammatory response and insufficient trophoblast invasion may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PE, providing a new theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and targeted intervention of PE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145686382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Reducing First Trimester Miscarriages in Women With a History of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Maren Bettermann,&nbsp;Allison Carlisle,&nbsp;Karen Summers,&nbsp;Christopher Childs,&nbsp;Patrick Ten Eyck,&nbsp;Abey Eapen","doi":"10.1111/aji.70189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several studies have evaluated a wide range of immunomodulatory therapies for treatment of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a new addition. We aimed to perform a cumulative meta-analysis to update and reevaluate the efficacy of the use of G-CSF to reduce the risk of first trimester miscarriages in women with a history of RPL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched electronic databases until September 26, 2024. We screened 309 citations and included six randomized control trials (RCTs) and four observational cohort studies. A total of 800 women were included in the analysis for the primary outcome; 426 (53%) women had treatment with G-CSF and 374 (47%) women had placebo or no treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Women who were administered GCSF in early pregnancy had a statistically significant reduction in miscarriage compared to those who had placebo or no treatment, odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.4 [0.3; 0.7]. A subsequent significant increase in live birth was also found in women who had GCSF, odds ratio [95% CI] = 2.3 [1.4; 3.6].</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss, administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor resulted in statistically significant reduction in first trimester miscarriage and subsequent improvement in live birth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145626676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}