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The Journal of auditory research最新文献

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Masking effects on formant frequency structure variability under selected speaking conditions. 在选定的说话条件下掩蔽对形成峰频率结构变异性的影响。
The Journal of auditory research Pub Date : 1985-04-01
R A McGuire, M P Rastatter
{"title":"Masking effects on formant frequency structure variability under selected speaking conditions.","authors":"R A McGuire,&nbsp;M P Rastatter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Normal-speaking adults (3 M, 3F) produced 4 vowels (/a/, /i/, /u/ and /o/) in a carrier phrase under free and disruptive speaking conditions (masking and/or bite block). Formant frequency structure variability was not affected by speaking conditions; however, a difference among vowels was obtained. F1 variability for the vowel /a/ was significantly different from the other 3 vowels as was the vowel /i/ for F2. The results were presented as the volumetric relationships which exist between the anterior and posterior F1 and F2 vocal tract cavities. The analysis of F1 and F2 variability suggests that once the place of vowel articulation exceeds a certain physiological boundary in reference to vocal tract cavity size, performance variability accelerates significantly.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 2","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14960861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The simplified HF E-800 audiometer: calibration and normative aspects. 简化HF E-800听力计:校准和规范方面。
The Journal of auditory research Pub Date : 1985-04-01
M T Gauz, M M Smith
{"title":"The simplified HF E-800 audiometer: calibration and normative aspects.","authors":"M T Gauz,&nbsp;M M Smith","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although numerous viable applications of high frequency (HF) audiometry have been demonstrated in the past 20 yrs, a set of specifications analogous to those for diagnostic pure-tone audiometers (ANSI, 1969) is lacking. Thus, meaningful interpretation of HF thresholds must consider the system employed to assess auditory sensitivity. A cost-effective HF audiometer has recently been described based on the Grason-Stadler E-800 Bekesy audiometer in the fixed-frequency mode. Preliminary results indicate highly acceptable reliability and validity of thresholds. In the present study, 20 men and 65 women, all normally hearing young adults (170 ears) presenting with negative otoaudiologic histories produced HF ac thresholds from 8-20 kc/s. Excursion widths of pen tracings compared favorably with those of earlier reports in HF audiometer studies. The composite function (both sexes, both ears) was flat through 12 kc/s, with progressively greater SPLs required for higher frequencies. Neither gender nor ear-related differences were seen. Calibration was performed using the NBS 9 A 6-cc coupler and the manufacturer's flat-plate coupler for the Koss HV/X stereophone used. Conversion factors were presented so that either coupler could be used. A threshold function was recommended for use consisting of the composite median function for 170 ears. It was concluded that the Simplified HF E-800, or an analogous unit, could be used as a viable clinical tool, surpassing the cost effectiveness of a number of different HF audiometric systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 2","pages":"101-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14958481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A functional measure of front-to-back ratio. 前后比率的功能度量。
The Journal of auditory research Pub Date : 1985-04-01
J J Dempsey
{"title":"A functional measure of front-to-back ratio.","authors":"J J Dempsey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monaural hearing aid users (aged 26-75 yrs; mn: 52 yrs) with moderate to severe bilateral sensorineural losses tracked free field sweep-frequency Bekesy thresholds from .25-4 kc/s in a typical audiological test booth. Each S was fitted, on the ear on which S usually wore an aid, with successively 3 directional microphone hearing aids (DMHAs) now commonly issued, with similar frequency response and gain characteristics but with a range, as shown by the manikin KEMAR in an anechoic chamber, of 8 db in FBR. Warbled tones were presented from a loudspeaker either 1 m directly ahead of or 1 m directly behind S's head. The difference in thresholds (180 degrees data subtracted from 0 degree data) in db was taken as functional front-to-back ratio (FBR) at selected frequencies. These were compared with FDRs from KEMAR. The functional FBR was shown to be sensitive enough (p less than .001) to differentiate among DMHAs, and the aids were on the average ordered similarly from highest to lowest by both KEMAR and functional FBRs. It was found that the data at 1 kc/s were predominately useful to test. However, individual differences were such that it was concluded that more reliance should be placed on a functional test of FBR. In addition, a significant Pearson r of 0.42 (p less than .01) was obtained between functional FBR and monosyllabic DS (S/N: 0 db). These results suggest that the functional FBR may play an important role in measuring hearing aid selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 2","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14960863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Speech reception thresholds using conventional vs high-frequency spondees in normals and in subjects with marked high-frequency sensorineural loss. 在正常人和高频感觉神经丧失的受试者中使用常规与高频海绵的语音接收阈值。
The Journal of auditory research Pub Date : 1985-04-01
F N Martin, R M Jansen
{"title":"Speech reception thresholds using conventional vs high-frequency spondees in normals and in subjects with marked high-frequency sensorineural loss.","authors":"F N Martin,&nbsp;R M Jansen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spondee threshold (ST) estimates were obtained on 20 normal-hearing adults and 15 adults with high-frequency sensorineural hearing losses sloping off above 500 c/s at about 15-20 db/oct. Stimuli consisted of tapes of a woman's voice speaking permuted lists of 9 conventional (broadband) spondees and of 10 high-frequency-emphasis spondees developed especially for this research using a discrete-frequency analysis. For normals, the correspondence was good between the 3-frequency (.5, 1, 2 kc/s) PTA vs either list. However, for the sensorineural Ss, the mean ST for the conventional spondees was better matched to the 2-frequency PTA (av. of 2 best of .5, 1, 2 kc/s), while the high-frequency-emphasis list STs were better matched to the 3-frequency PTA. It was suggested that high-frequency-emphasis STs be used with such sloping losses and that ST-PTA reliability checks for such Ss be comparisons using a +/- 5-db criterion comparing high-frequency-emphasis STs with 3-frequency PTA. If conventional STs are collected, they should with such Ss be compared to the individual's 2-frequency PTA.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 2","pages":"133-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14960860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of stimulus frequency on vocal suppression in neonates. 刺激频率对新生儿声带抑制的影响。
The Journal of auditory research Pub Date : 1985-04-01
T Watterson, S Riccillo
{"title":"Effects of stimulus frequency on vocal suppression in neonates.","authors":"T Watterson,&nbsp;S Riccillo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three groups, each composed of 15 normal neonates, were exposed to different narrowband stimuli, all at 80 db SPL, representing low frequencies (peak level at 1 kc/s of 75 db, half-power bandwidth of 180 c/s), middle frequencies (peak level at 3 kc/s of 75 db, half-power bandwidth of 300 c/s), and high frequencies (peak level at 6 kc/s of 69 db, half-power bandwidth of 1 kc/s). Each S in each group was tested with the appropriate 4-min control condition for each S where a stimulus was not presented. For each group, Ss cried significantly less during the stimulus than for the control condition. There was a trend for suppression of crying to decrease as stimulus frequency increased (mean suppression of crying during the noise presentations, relative to the crying during the control conditions, were 148.3, 125.2, and 111.5 secs for the frequencies in order), but the differences among the groups were not significant. This suggests that neonates do not hear appreciably better at some frequencies than at others, and also that neonates do not necessarily interact differently with different stimuli because of frequency content. It seems, therefore, that neonates respond on a stimulus-response basis that is proportional in strength to stimulus level and spectral complexity. Loud complex noises are the strongest stimuli because they result in maximum neural excitation. However, narrowband noises can be used to indicate something of the neonate's frequency sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 2","pages":"81-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14960862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The relation of chronological age of normal children in kindergarten and grade 1 to their performance on the Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language. 幼稚园和一年级正常儿童实足年龄与语言听觉理解测验成绩的关系。
The Journal of auditory research Pub Date : 1985-04-01
J R Brown
{"title":"The relation of chronological age of normal children in kindergarten and grade 1 to their performance on the Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language.","authors":"J R Brown","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For 55 normal-hearing and regularly educated children (Kindergarten and Grade 1) aged 62-81 months, the relationship was determined between chronological age and performance on the test for Auditory Comprehension of Language (TACL). Performance on the TACL related poorly to age (Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient: .35, p less than .02). The implication is that the TACL may not be sensitive to the normal development of auditory comprehension of language within the sharply limited age range examined. The data presented from these 55 entirely normal children may be used as additional norms of TACL for that age range.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 2","pages":"129-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14960859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Auditory adaptation: notes on power and parabolic curve fitting across intensity: II. 听觉适应:关于功率和跨强度抛物线曲线拟合的注释2。
The Journal of auditory research Pub Date : 1985-01-01
E M Weiler, D E Sandman, J G Agnello, G K Balzer
{"title":"Auditory adaptation: notes on power and parabolic curve fitting across intensity: II.","authors":"E M Weiler,&nbsp;D E Sandman,&nbsp;J G Agnello,&nbsp;G K Balzer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The classic Simultaneous Dichotic Loudness Balance (SDLB) procedure for the study of auditory adaptation was used by Weiler and Hood (1977) in a successful test of a model for predicting adaptation in db at intensities above the initial baseline values, using a linear approximation across levels. When Balzer et al (Brit. J. Audiol., 1984, 18, 49-50) fitted curves for simple baseline adaptation data from four studies based on SDLB data, they reported good fits for the Gompertz technique and for a parabolic formula, but did not test the relative goodness of fit for the linear formula, nor for power approximations as Stevens (1975) might have proposed. The present study makes use of the data used by Balzer et al but examines a linear fit as well as two approximations to Stevens' power law. The present finding that the linear approximation is the least efficient examined would suggest that the Weiler and Hood model should be re-examined to determine the degree to which the model can be improved by use of a curvilinear baseline fit. In addition, it might be noted that the curvilinear formulae, of necessity, involve two or more stages. It is the the current effort of this laboratory to determine whether this reflects a multifactor basis to the classic SDLB adaptation, as well as results from other adaptation techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 1","pages":"31-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14952680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Musical empathy (Einfuhling). 音乐共鸣(令人振奋)。
The Journal of auditory research Pub Date : 1985-01-01
A Funahashi, E C Carterette
{"title":"Musical empathy (Einfuhling).","authors":"A Funahashi,&nbsp;E C Carterette","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper an \"alpha-effect\" is defined as a plethysmograph amplitude increase to the hearing of music concurrently with strong affinity for music, pleasurable feeling and reported empathy. Based on this definition a hypothetical model of empathy to music is formulated and the psychophysiological alpha-effect mechanism is related to the processes of empathy and cognitive attribution. In order to understand the psychophysiological mechanism of the alpha-effect, a network is proposed made up of several physiological processes with feedback circuits and feedback circuits at both the sensory and physiological level, and at the cognitive and psychological level. It was aimed also to give a theoretical account of the efficacy of music and to explicate the underlying psychophysiological mechanisms of that efficacy. The model may also help clinical psychologists who want to use music as a therapeutic tool in arranging optimal programs suited to the individual needs, experience, and background of a patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 1","pages":"47-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14953571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Marine turtle middle-ear anatomy. 海龟中耳解剖。
The Journal of auditory research Pub Date : 1985-01-01
M L Lenhardt, R C Klinger, J A Musick
{"title":"Marine turtle middle-ear anatomy.","authors":"M L Lenhardt,&nbsp;R C Klinger,&nbsp;J A Musick","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The middle-ear structures from 5 Atlantic Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and 1 Atlantic Ridley (Lepidochelys kempi) marine turtles from dead specimens found stranded in the lower Chesapeake Bay were dissected and examined superficially and by light microscopy. The marine turtle middle ear is poorly adapted as an aerial receptor in mammalian and reptilian terms. However, it appears well designed as a peripheral component of a bone conduction system. The thick tympanum, while disadvantageous as an aerial receptor, likely enhances low-frequency bone conduction hearing. The columella directly couples the cochlea and saccule so that its movement would stimulate each end organ. Turtle hearing is probably an integration of both outputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 1","pages":"66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14953573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frequency discrimination in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). 山齿鹑的频率识别。
The Journal of auditory research Pub Date : 1985-01-01
E D Bailey, R W Gatehouse, L Barton
{"title":"Frequency discrimination in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).","authors":"E D Bailey,&nbsp;R W Gatehouse,&nbsp;L Barton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) (N:9, aged 24 mo) were trained using a positive reinforcement paradigm to respond to an assigned \"standard\" frequency of either 1.0 or 3.5 kc/s by pressing a response key. Each S was trained in 2 phases to respond to its assigned frequency rather than to alternately presented tones of a different frequency. In every test each S discriminated its assigned frequency at greater than chance levels. Discrimination ability was poorest when delta F was at the minimum tested (0.25 kc/s). Birds whose standard frequency was 1.0 kc/s were better at the task than those trained to a 3.5-kc/s standard, especially when finer discriminations were required (Phase II). This superiority at 1.0 kc/s confirmed what was seen previously (Barton et al, J. Aud. Res., 1984, 24, 87-97) in the Bobwhite's audibility curve; it was hypothesized that the correspondence may have to do with the need for adult birds to recognize frequency variations near 1.0 kc/s that are uniquely made by immediate conspecifics rather than other members of the species. As such it may well represent a \"fine tuning\" of the bird's acoustic abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 1","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14953572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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