{"title":"Children's performance on multidimensionally scored time-compressed sentential stimuli.","authors":"L L Riensche, R I Ginn, B E Porch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Normative data were obtained for 96 children with normal auditory and language abilities in grades 2, 4, and 6 when presented monaurally with time-compressed (TC) sentences and 1st- and 2nd-order sentential approximations at 32 db re SRT. Oral responses were taped and multidimensionally scored in order to sensitize the test. Consistent with previous reports of normative data at other age levels, performance became poorer for 0 to either 40 or 60% TC (there was a negligible difference between the latter), was better for normal sentences than for sentential approximations, and improved slightly in the higher grades.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 4","pages":"209-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14958035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Central auditory processing in urban black children, normal and learning disabled.","authors":"R A Windham","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Normative data from Windham et al (1985) for urban Black children aged 7-10 yrs on the SSW test and the Willeford central auditory processing battery were used to compare those norms with scores of 40 children of similar age and from the same population who were referred from the Howard University Child Development Center as being at risk for learning disability (LD). The L-competing, L-non-competing, and Total Error Score indexes from the SSW test, and the L-ear score from Willeford's Competing Sentences subtest, differentiated the LD Ss as a group from normals (p less than .05). Other tests were of questionable or no value in this regard for this population. It is suggested that it would be wise to view the results of these tests with caution and preferably in connection with other audiological testing when applied to LD Ss, especially if normative data for the particular subpopulation have not been collected.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 4","pages":"247-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14958038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part- vs full-list performance on the NST by normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults.","authors":"J L Danhauer, T J Brink","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Performance-Level functions were determined for part- and full-list Edgerton and Danhauer (1979) Nonsense Syllable Test (NST) mean scores of 15 normal-hearing (NH) and 15 mild-to-moderately hearing-impaired (HI) Ss. In the first part-list procedure S received 5 different items from the 25-item NST List A at each ascending SL (25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 db re: S's better-ear SRT), while in the second, full-list, procedure S received the full 25 items. As previous studies had shown, the NST could be used to distinguish the NH and HI groups. The P-L functions were not significantly different for the part- vs the full-list procedures except at the 35 and 55 db SLs in which the part-list scores tended to overestimate those from the full list for both groups, to a maximum difference in percent correct of about 7%. Clinical implications are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 3","pages":"143-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14957933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A case study of central processing following long-standing unilateral conductive hearing loss.","authors":"K L Anderson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This single-subject study reported the audibility and speech-processing performance of a man who at age 22 had an impacted foreign body removed from the bony portion of his L ear canal, it having been there since about age 7. Otologic and audiologic assessment, records of failing school screening, and subject and family history agreed on an uncomplicated conductive hearing level of 30-40 db. Immediately on removing the block, audiograms and tympanograms were normal (HTL less than or equal to 20 db at .25-8 kc/s) and remained so for the 14 mo of the study. At 8 days and at 5 and 14 mo post-blockage, a speech-in-noise test at 50 db HL, at S/N's of 30, 20, 15, 10, 5, and 0 db was administered along with the SSW test. At 8 days, S-in-N scores (compared to 10 in-house normal controls) were abnormally low in both ears, but especially in the L ear (e.g., at S/N = 0, L ear score was only 8% correct compared to the controls' 86.4%). Distinct improvement occurred at 5 and further at 14 mo, but at 14 mo both ears were still yielding scores 1 S.D. below the control mean. Similarly, SSW scores were abnormal for both ears; at 5 mo post-blockage the L ear still yielded abnormal scores, but yielded normal scores at 14 mo post-blockage. It may be concluded that a unilateral conductive hearing loss, even though contracted well past the age thought to be crucial in auditory perceptual development, may have a deleterious effect on auditory processing of stimuli entering not only the attenuated but also the normal ear, and that though this deleterious effect may eventually be overcome it may require a surprisingly long time for it to disappear.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 3","pages":"201-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14963474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of time compression on the auditory processing abilities of learning disabled children.","authors":"M M Watson, M P Rastatter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study measured the ability of ten 8- and ten 12-yr-old learning disabled (LD) children of normal intelligence (WISC-R) to discriminate phonemic contrasts in sentential stimuli (Subtest 13 of the Carrow Auditory Visual Abilities Test) presented at a 50% time-compression rate. Their group responses were compared statistically to similar data gathered earlier (May et al, J. Aud. Res., 1984, 24, 205-211) from 6-, 8-, and 10-yr-old normal children and young adults. LD Ss exhibited auditory processing capacities reminiscent of an earlier level of operation (e.g., the group of LD Ss with mn age of 12.8 yrs yielded group performance equivalent to that of normal 6- and 8-yr-olds), and also manifested marked differences in their feature- and frequency-processing abilities. These data indicate that contributing to the learning difficulties of LD children may very well be delays in auditory development and anomalies in auditory-feature processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 3","pages":"167-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14963466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monaural and binaural adaptation in sequence: SDLB analogue?","authors":"E M Weiler, F Cobb, D Sandman, L Pederson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnitude estimates (M.E.) of loudness of a 1-kc/s tone in the R ear at 60 db SPL were required over three 3-phase sessions from 15 normal-hearing young adults. The initial tone in the session was arbitrarily assigned a value of \"60 units\" in instructions to the S. The session was arranged to be analogous to that commonly used in Simultaneous Dichotic Loudness Balancing (SDLB). In a baseline Phase I in any of 3 sessions both ears received identical, simultaneous, intermittent stimulation. In each session, one of 3 duty cycles (randomized) were used (all on-times of .5 sec, off-times of .5, 4.5, or 24.5 sec). An M.E. judgment was requested every 10 sec for just over 1 min. Then immediately in Phase II the L ear received nothing while the R ear received continuous stimulation at 60 db SPL for 7 min, with M.E. Judgements requested every 10 sec during Min 1 and every min thereafter. Then in Phase III the R ear continued to receive continuous stimulation at 60 db SPL for 1 min while in the contralateral ear the condition of Phase I was re-introduced. M.E. loudness judgements for the R ear were requested as in Phase I. During Phase I there was, as expected, no loudness adaptation. During the adapting Phase II, M.E. group values declined progressively and significantly, but without significant differences among duty cycles. M.E. values in Phase III continued to decline significantly even though the contralateral ear was being given intermittent stimulation (irrespective of duty cycle). Previous studies had found that, for most listeners, M.E. loudness adaptation does not occur when the continuous stimulation is presented by itself. As far as is known, the present study is the first M.E. loudness adaptation study to present binaural intermittent stimulation before the continuous monaural stimulus. It is suggested that the redundancy of the continuous monaural stimulation, in comparison with the similar intermittent stimulus, is associated with the diminution of loudness.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 3","pages":"149-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14957936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preyer reflex in jaundiced rats: central auditory effects.","authors":"M L Lenhardt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Normal control rats (N:45) and 27 genetically hyperbilirubinemic rats from an NIH colony were tested for the Preyer reflex (Pr) threshold using pure tones. About half of all animals (N:39) were tested at 4, 6, and 8 kc/s only, while 39 were also tested at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 kc/s. Data were not included from 3 jaundiced rats who died during the study, which began when Ss were 3 wks old. Some jaundiced rats differed from control rats in their elevated Pr thresholds for mid-frequency tones (approximately 10 kc/s) (group mean threshold difference of 6.4 db (p less than .05). Since jaundiced rats have been shown to have extensive damage in the first brain-stem synapse, neural dysfunction can be inferred. The Pr of jaundiced rats did not differ from normals at frequencies below 10 kc/s. Normal low-frequency sensitivity in jaundiced rats likely represents a tonotopic vulnerability gradient in the central auditory pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 3","pages":"161-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14963465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hearing loss in the developmentally handicapped: a comparison of three audiometric procedures.","authors":"R A Benham-Dunster, J R Dunster","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moderately (N:61) and profoundly (N:103) retarded or developmentally handicapped residents of a large institution were assessed using three audiometric procedures: behavioral observation audiometry (BOA, both speech and tonal), acoustic reflex measures (SPAR), and brain-stem auditory-evoked responses (BSAER) audiometry. The purpose was to compare the three methods to determine whether a battery of tests might provide a more accurate assessment of this \"difficult to test\" population. The investigation also looked at the relationship between hearing loss and level of retardation; there was no evidence of such a relationship in the residents of this institution. Results indicated that a battery of tests does help eliminate gaps in testing common to this group, and further that BSAER audiometry, an objective method not affected by behavior or development, may provide the most accurate means of assessing the hearing status of individuals who are profoundly developmentally handicapped.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 3","pages":"175-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14963468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distinctive-feature analyses of the speech of deaf children.","authors":"E O Mencke, G J Ochsner, E W Testut","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>22 children aged 8.5 through 15.5 yrs with HTLs greater than or equal to 90 db in the better ear spoke a carrier phrase before each of 41 monosyllables containing each an initial and a final consonant (23 consonants were represented). Each S repeated the 41-word list 10 times. Speech samples were recorded simultaneously but independently in audio-only and in audio-visual modes, and transcribed by 3 judges using each mode separately. Percent correct speaker-subjects' utterances of target consonants in initial and in final word-positions were scored for presence or absence of distinctive features according to the systems of Chomsky and Halle (1968) and of Fisher and Logemann (1971). Consistently higher correct feature usage was noted for target consonants in the initial rather than in the final word-position for both systems. Further, higher scores were obtained when transcribers could see as well as hear the speaker, but correct usage of a feature was not uniformly a function of the visibility of that feature. Finally, there was no significant increase in correct feature usage as a function of speaker age.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 3","pages":"191-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14963472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Suprathreshold Bekesy excursion widths in normal and sensorineural impaired listeners.","authors":"W D Domico","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Normal-hearing (N:20) and sensorineural adults (N:15) performed sweep-frequency Bekesy audiometry from .1-8 kc/s at threshold and at MCL and UCL with both continuous (C) and interrupted (I) tones. Excursion width was measured in 1-db steps. Normals exhibited no C-I differences in excursion width at any level, and differences between the two groups of Ss were negligible for I tones, but the sensorineural Ss yielded significantly smaller widths at 3, 4 and 6 kc/s for C tones at both suprathreshold levels. SInce a number of sensorineural Ss did not yield tracings at UCL, it was recommended that MCL be traced as one feature of site-of-lesion testing. Of the sensorineurals, 75% yielded widths of 5 db or less for C tones at MCL, and this criterion in a sweep-frequency Bekesy is suggested as of clinical value.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"25 2","pages":"123-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14960858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}