The Journal of auditory research最新文献

{"title":"Variable speech control vs Varispeech: does newer mean better?","authors":"J F Schmitt,&nbsp;S W Moore,&nbsp;N J Lass","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Normal-hearing volunteers (N:30, aged 19-28 yrs) yielded intelligibility scores for W-22 word lists and CID sentences at 40 db re each S's SRT, and judgments on a 7-pt scale (\"very pleasant\"----\"very unpleasant\") for Sentence 3 of Fairbanks' \"Rainbow Passage\". Normal and time-altered speeds (60%: compression; 140%: expansion) were compared between the widely-used but obsolescent Lexicon Varispeech (VSp) unit vs the commercially available Variable Speech Control Model A-7 which incorporates a time-sampling technique similar to the VSp. With both VSp and VSC, intelligibility was nearly perfect at all three speeds, and thus both appear equally suitable for intelligibility studies, but at the 60% and 140% speeds the signal clarity was significantly preferable for the VSp system (p less than .01 in both cases), by .6 of a scale interval at 60% and 1.8 interval at 140%. Furthermore, the VSC does not operate beyond the 60-140% range, as occasionally may be desirable in research on the effects of time alteration on speech reception.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"26 3","pages":"183-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14799770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified spondee threshold procedure.","authors":"F N Martin,&nbsp;L K Dowdy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since Martin and Sides (Asha, 1985, 27, 29-36) found that only 6% of audiologists reported actually following current ASHA guidelines for SRT testing (Asha, 1979, 21, 353-356), a comparison was made on 36 normal-hearing adults of spondee thresholds (ST) collected following strictly those guidelines (ST1) and by an experimental procedure based on the ASHA guidelines for pure-tone audiometry (Asha, 1978, 20, 297-301) (ST2). A 3-frequency pure-tone average (PTA) was also collected. Since mean HTLs differed by less than or equal to 5 db among ST1, ST2, and PTA, both ST procedures appear equally valid and interchangeable, but ST2 was considerably more efficient, requiring less time (mean savings of 139 sec/ear) and fewer word presentations (mean savings of 15 words/ear). The ST2 procedure may have clinical use with no significant compromise in validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"26 2","pages":"115-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14745533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency discrimination for pure-tone and modulated stimuli: an evaluation of automatic and computerized test versions.","authors":"G Grisanti,&nbsp;F Cusimano,&nbsp;A D'Amico","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monaural differential frequency discrimination (delta f/f) was investigated in the 32 ears of 16 normal-hearing young adults, using an automated test of pitch-memory (the AFTD of Grisanti, Boll. Ital. Audiol. Foniatr., 1978, 1, 166-169) wherein S, in analogy with Bekesy audiometry, continuously adjusts the frequency of alternating pure-tone bursts between discriminable-nondiscriminable, and using a computer-driven test of discrimination of frequency modulation (the CTFD of Biondi, E. et al, Comm. LXV Congr. Soc. Ital. ORL Modena, 1978), wherein S presses a button, within a criterion time window, to a brief episode of frequency modulation in a pure tone. F was either 0.5, 1, or 2 kc/s at 40 db HL. An estimate of delta f/f for every test by the CTFD was printed out by the apparatus, while 4 indices of delta f/f by the ATFD were abstracted by hand from various features of the Bekesy-type tracings. Estimates of delta f/f by the CTFD were close to those of the classic study of Shower and Biddulph, but those by the ATFD were rather larger than reported in previous studies of pitch-memory. Student \"t\" tests revealed that only 5 of 24 comparisons between tests (4 ATFD variables vs 1 CTFD estimate X 2 ears X 3 frequencies) reached the 95% confidence level, while Pearson r's also showed little evidence of significant relationships between the two tests. While the CTFD yields a more precise delta f/f and has other virtues as a research tool, it demands 40-200 min to explore a listener's discriminability in both ears at 5 frequencies. Thus, although the ATFD yields less precise data, and has inherent within it the possibility of the intrusion of undesired psychological factors, it is to be preferred for clinical use since it demands only 15 min of experimental time.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"26 2","pages":"135-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14745539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The formation of learning sets by the chinchilla in an auditory discrimination task.","authors":"F A Boettcher,&nbsp;J D Miller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The performance of 9 chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) in a completely computer-automated sound-discrimination experiment was observed using stimulus pairs from a library of 180 complex sounds. Each sound of a pair was 0.2-2.08 sec in duration, separated by an interval of 250 +/- 125 msec. A modified \"go/no go\" paradigm was used. Licking behavior at a water-delivery tube was occasioned by keeping Ss at about 85% of ad-lib weight by water deprivation. After habituation and blank-trials training stages, sound discrimination was required: If the sounds of a pair were identical, no response was required; if they were different, a fleeing response (crossing a mid-cage barrier) was required. Each problem set utilized a different sound pair, for a total of 90 problems. Therefore, Ss learned to perform general auditory discriminations, not sound-specific discriminations. The chinchillas quickly learned to respond, but not at a rate consistently higher than 75 %-correct. The results were compared to those of other studies of sensory discrimination in monkey and chinchilla. Suggestions were made for minor improvement of the paradigm for use in future sound-discrimination tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"26 2","pages":"99-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14744773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of speech and other auditory perception assessment materials used by cochlear implant centers.","authors":"J L Danhauer,&nbsp;L E Lucks,&nbsp;C Abdala","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A questionnaire assessing the various auditory perception materials used by cochlear implant centers in evaluating cochlear implant candidates and patients was developed, pilot tested, and mailed in August, 1985, to 135 cochlear implant centers. After a follow-up, there was a 45% return rate. The questionnaire sampled responses pertaining to the respondents' demographics, the types of assessment materials they used, and their opinions about speech and other auditory perception tests for evaluating cochlear implant patients. The data revealed that most centers use the same tests repeatedly for both pre- and post-implant assessments. Several factors relating to the tests and their administration were identified. Only 36% of the centers expressed satisfaction with the currently-used materials. The tests most frequently used were not necessarily considered to be the best or most appropriate for evaluating cochlear implants. Most respondents stated a need for the development of new test materials, and some suggestions were provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"26 2","pages":"75-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14744769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The simplified HF E-800 high-frequency audiometer: clinical applications.","authors":"M T Gauz,&nbsp;M M Smith,&nbsp;R R Hinkle","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a prior study (Gauz and Smith, J. Aud. Res., 1985, 25, 101-122) threshold tracings were collected at 8-20 kc/s on 108 Ss using a Bekesy-type Simplified High-Frequency Audiometer (SHF E-800) set in the fixed-frequency mode. Of these, 23 Ss did not meet screening criteria for a normative study; their data are reported here. Examples are given of HF audiometric results on Ss with one or more conditions affecting hearing thresholds, including age, conductive pathologies, noise exposure, cardiovascular disorders, hearing loss in the conventional audiometric frequencies, and a miscellaneous category. Results were obtained generally in line with expectations based on literature review. The present case studies provide information useful in the clinical application of HF audiometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"26 2","pages":"121-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14745535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special educators' knowledge of, exposure to, and attitudes toward hearing aids and hearing aid wearers.","authors":"N J Lass,&nbsp;C M Woodford,&nbsp;J E Tecca,&nbsp;B L Ludlow,&nbsp;B M Simon,&nbsp;D S Goodwin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"26 2","pages":"89-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14744772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High frequency hearing in jaundiced rats.","authors":"M L Lenhardt,&nbsp;A M Clarke,&nbsp;S W Harkins","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All 8 pups in a homozygous-by-heterozygous rat mating were studied using brainstem auditory-evoked responses to clicks and to tone pips at 10, 15, 20, and 25 kc/s. Rats expressing the jaundice trait (N:4) had normal BSAER for click thresholds and latencies of Waves I-IV; however, to tone pips stimulating predominantly the more basal portions of the cochlea. Although thresholds were unaffected, there were mild prolongations of latencies of Waves II-IV representing central conduction time; the prolongation in one jaundiced rat reached significance re controls. Furthermore, amplitude of Waves II-IV to the louder tone pips were about 20% lower for the jaundiced rats. Jaundiced rats may be adequate models for central conduction delay found in human neonatal hyperbilirubinemia when species differences are controlled.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"26 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14731823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Torsion Swing Chair test: a ratio method for quantifying nystagmus.","authors":"S D Kasden","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a Torsion Swing Chair (TSC) test for nystagmus, S is oscillated sinusoidally around the vertical axis with successive cycles diminishing in extent. Channel II of a standard recording ENG traces the chair's movement (differing among Ss according to their weight) while Channel I records S's ENG. A method was devised to quantify S's nystagmus by calculating, for each pair of succeeding cycles, the ratio of the decline in amplitude of the slow phase nystagmic velocity to the decline in amplitude of chair movement. This ratio, relatively constant across cycles, is greater with labyrinthine pathology. Ratios were established with 15 normal young adults as cut-offs for normalcy. The method was applied to 30 patients with peripheral hearing loss whose only complaint was slight vertigo following an acute stage of vertigo. The TSC test was validated by comparing it to the severity of vertigo and to the presence/absence of abnormal results on a standard clinical caloric test in ENG and on standard clinical ECoG. All but 1 of the 30 pts exhibited abnormal results on the TSC test, as compared with 18 for the caloric and 16 for the ECoG. Furthermore, abnormality on the TSC test was more likely to be associated with abnormal results on one or both of the other two tests than were either of the other two tests. It can be concluded that the TSC test is a valid and objective tool useful in ENG practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"26 1","pages":"11-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14731822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wever and Lawrence revisited: effects of nulling basilar membrane movement on concomitant whole-nerve action potential.","authors":"G Offut","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been assumed for decades that mechanically stimulating hair cells, both inner and outer (IHC, OHC), leads to CM and subsequent neural activity. A test of that assumption was attempted in this experiment. Tone-pips of 300 msec duration at 4 or 5 kc/s with fast rise times were simultaneously presented to the cochleae of 10 chinchillas, through the external meatus and a hole drilled into the scala tympani. A round-window electrode allowed the recording of CM and computer-averaged whole-nerve action potentials (CAP). Stimulus levels and relative phase could be adjusted to yield CAPs of similar amplitude and shape to either stimulus alone. When the two stimuli were combined, the vectorial CM could be changed by about 30 db between maximum and minimum levels when delta phi was changed by 180 degrees. However, the combined CAP was relatively insensitive to delta phi. If basilar membrane motion was minimized at CM minimum, the data mean that some other principle than basilar membrane motion must underlie or generate neural activity. These data are not consistent with the traditional view that basilar membrane motion underlies sensitivity and frequency discrimination, and are congruent with theories of sensitivity of hair cells or their stereocilia to direct acoustic or electric stimulation, with basilar membrane mechanical stimulation assigned some secondary role. The author offers an electromodel comprising one system of basilar membrane motion of supramolecular dimensions leading to mechanical stimulation of OHCs and their large CM, and a second parallel system excited by the same stapes displacements but of submolecular dimensions leading to a propagated acoustic wave through the cochlear partition and to acoustic----electric transduction by the tectorial membrane; the output of that membrane is picked up in the fluids of the subtectorial space by the electro-sensitive IHCs and analyzed by them in some unknown manner for frequency. These IHCs are then the sole direct precursors of neural activity. A seeming anomaly was found in that at delta phi = CM minimum, when the traditional model would predict reduced basilar membrane movement, a reduced CM, consequent reduction in neural activity, and an increase in the latency of the N1 component of the CAP, latency was in fact slightly but uniformly decreased. It was suggested that in this phase condition the larger CM may have been correlated with the suppressive action of the OHCs upon the IHCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":76646,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of auditory research","volume":"26 1","pages":"43-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14731716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}