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Water management for development of water quality in the Ruhr River basin. 鲁尔河流域水质发展的水管理。
Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01
R Klopp
{"title":"Water management for development of water quality in the Ruhr River basin.","authors":"R Klopp","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On the Ruhr, a small river running through hilly country and with a mean flow of 76 m3/s, 27 water works use the method of artificial groundwater recharge to produce 350 million m3 of drinking water annually. On the basis of a special act, the Ruhr River Association is responsible for water quality and water quantity management in the Ruhr basin. The present 94 municipal sewage treatment plants ensure that the raw water is sufficiently good to be turned into drinking water. In the Ruhr's lower reaches, where dry weather results in a 20% share of the entire water flow being treated wastewater, comparatively high concentration of substances of domestic or industrial origin are likely, including substances which municipal wastewater treatment measures cannot entirely remove. These substances include ammonium, coliform bacteria or pathogens, boron and organic trace substances. Although water treatment measures have greatly contributed to the considerable improvement of the Ruhr's water quality in the last few decades, it is desirable to continue to aim at a high standard of drinking water production technologies since the Ruhr is a surface water body influenced by anthropogenic factors. However, in the case of substances infiltrating into drinking water, legislation is required if a reduction of pollution appears to be necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"105-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health impairments arising from drinking water resources contaminated with Vibrio cholerae. 受霍乱弧菌污染的饮用水资源造成的健康损害。
Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01
T Ramamurthy, S Chakraborty, G B Nair, S K Bhattacharya
{"title":"Health impairments arising from drinking water resources contaminated with Vibrio cholerae.","authors":"T Ramamurthy,&nbsp;S Chakraborty,&nbsp;G B Nair,&nbsp;S K Bhattacharya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endemic and seasonal nature of cholera depends upon the survival of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in various niches of the aquatic environment. To understand the transmission and ecology of V. cholerae, it is necessary to know which component in the aquatic ecosystem can harbor it and thus contribute to the endemic presence. Toxigenic V. cholerae is now recognized as an autochthonous member of the microflora in many aquatic environments based on its protracted survival and proliferation without losing the virulence determinants. This article summarizes knowledge about the ecology, survival strategies and elimination techniques of V. cholerae from natural waters with special reference to drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rural sanitation problems in Uganda--institutional and management aspects. 乌干达农村卫生问题——体制和管理方面。
Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01
D M Mukungu
{"title":"Rural sanitation problems in Uganda--institutional and management aspects.","authors":"D M Mukungu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rural Uganda faces a lot of problems caused by poor sanitation facilities such as pollution of water sources, a high rate of waterborne diseases, high expenditures on curative health care, and the threat of reduced educational performance of children through illness, early school drop out, especially of girls. Limited budgets and expenditures for the health sector, lack of staff, lack of accountability and transparency are important factors affecting sanitation status on the national level. Other restrictions can be found at the community level, e.g. taboos, cultural and customary beliefs, ignorance, poverty, or in soil conditions. To address the poor level of sanitation, the Government of Uganda has set up both a whole string of laws and guidelines and an institutional and management framework. One main emphasis was placed on the Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation Programme (PHAST) introduced in 1994 and since then adopted by several non-governmental organisations (NGO's).</p>","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"377-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21687646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An assessment of septage and faecal sludge discharges into surface water sources in Ghana. 污水和粪便污泥排放到地表水源在加纳的评估。
Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01
L Y Salifu, F Mumuni
{"title":"An assessment of septage and faecal sludge discharges into surface water sources in Ghana.","authors":"L Y Salifu,&nbsp;F Mumuni","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface water abstraction from rivers is the main source of potable water for many of the district capitals, municipal and metropolitan towns of Ghana. The points of abstraction on these rivers are usually located several kilometres downstream of their sources. These rivers serve as sinks for both non-point and point sources of pollution. The reliance of the urban population along these rivers on ill-maintained on-site public toilets and overflowing septic tanks renders urban run-off a vehicle for bacterial contamination of human origin. Downstream villages and small towns along the rivers use the water for drinking and other domestic purposes and therefore incidence of waterborne diseases of bacterial origin is therefore prevalent. This paper discusses the impact of discharges on Densu and Oda, two examples of surface waters employed for urban water supply, and makes suggestions for integrated water quality management as a tool for protecting surface water sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"389-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21687648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New policies and measures for saving a great manmade reservoir providing drinking water for 20 million people in the Republic of Korea. 为大韩民国为2 000万人提供饮用水的大型人工水库节约的新政策和措施。
Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01
K H Ahn
{"title":"New policies and measures for saving a great manmade reservoir providing drinking water for 20 million people in the Republic of Korea.","authors":"K H Ahn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water quality of the Paldang reservoir, the largest drinking water supply source in the Republic Korea provides raw water for about 20 million people living in Seoul Metropolitan area. Water quality has been deteriorating mainly due to improperly treated livestock waste and domestic wastewater discharged from motels, restaurants, and private homes. A recent survey conducted by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) showed that the water quality of this reservoir has been identified as Class III must contain less than 6 ppm of BOD, which will require advanced purification treatment before it can be used as drinking water. The MOE also announced that this water source would no longer be potable unless wastewater in the catchment is treated efficiently. To protect drinking water resources, the MOE has set up comprehensive management. These programmes include new regulations, measures, land use planning and economic incentives.</p>","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"427-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21688147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sewage sludge treatment with lime. 用石灰处理污水污泥。
Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01
B Herbst
{"title":"Sewage sludge treatment with lime.","authors":"B Herbst","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article describes the application of lime as a method for treatment and hygienisation of sewage sludges with lime products such as quicklime, slake lime and dolomitic lime. As a result of the increase in temperature and pH-value during sludge and lime mixing most pathogenic vectors of disease (i.e. bacteria, worms, viruses and parasites) are reduced in concentration and viability to manufacture a safe product for further application on agricultural land.</p>","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"337-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of groundwater pollution potential of sewage-irrigated vegetable growing areas of the eastern fringe of Calcutta city. 加尔各答市东部边缘污水灌溉蔬菜种植区地下水污染潜力评价。
Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01
A Mitra, S K Gupta
{"title":"Evaluation of groundwater pollution potential of sewage-irrigated vegetable growing areas of the eastern fringe of Calcutta city.","authors":"A Mitra,&nbsp;S K Gupta","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years recycling in agriculture is a common method of disposal or utilisation of waste. However, recycling of wastes may cause contamination of groundwater by toxic elements like heavy metals, cationic and anionic contaminants and pathogens. Groundwater of shallow and deep tubewells was collected during 1991 to 1997 from raw sewage effluent irrigated garbage farming areas on the eastern fringe of Calcutta city. In general raw sewage effluents, sludges and sewage-irrigated soils contain very high amounts of cations, anions, organics and heavy metals. It is found that most of the groundwater contained undesirable pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, phenolic compounds, iron and manganese and the observed values or concentrations were much above the maximum desirable limits specified by World Health Organisation (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for use as drinking water. Groundwater of that area may be used for irrigation. Dispersion by leaching of the metals, cationic and anionic contaminants from irrigated soil and from settled bottom sludge in unlined sewage channels are the principal causes of groundwater contamination. Some management plans have been suggested to control further deterioration of groundwater quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"261-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wastewater discharge and water quality standards in Brazil--implications for the selection of wastewater treatment technologies. 巴西的废水排放和水质标准——对废水处理技术选择的影响。
Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01
M von Sperling
{"title":"Wastewater discharge and water quality standards in Brazil--implications for the selection of wastewater treatment technologies.","authors":"M von Sperling","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper describes and comments the Brazilian standards for water quality and effluent discharge (CONAMA Directive No. 20, 1986). The emphasis of the paper is on the conventional parameters which characterise domestic wastewater (BOD, SS, NH4+, N, P and coliforms). The wastewater treatment systems for achieving compliance are analysed with two perspectives: requirements for the discharge standards and requirements for the receiving water standards. The main treatment technologies available are listed, together with their capability to remove the major pollutants included in the Brazilian legislation. The analysis for the receiving water standards are given for different dilution ratios (river/discharge flows): 1/10, 1/1, 10/1 and 100/1. The difficulty in complying with the receiving water standards for BOD, phosphate and coliforms is highlighted and the cost implications for the adoption of more sophisticated technologies in order to achieve compliance are also provided. Although the specific quantitative values cited in the paper are associated with the Brazilian legislation, it is believed that the major conceptual issues are applicable to a large number of urban areas in other countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"141-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Establishing mutual trust--a prerequisite to public partnership. 建立互信——公共伙伴关系的先决条件。
Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01
P H Bakir
{"title":"Establishing mutual trust--a prerequisite to public partnership.","authors":"P H Bakir","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Establishing mutual trust is the key to establishing workable and sustainable partnerships between the public and service providers, in any part of the world. The experience of utilities in the United Kingdom and United States shows that trust is established through sharing information with the public and improving customer service. Understanding the needs of the public and the service agency are a prerequisite to establishing trust. There is no \"magic formula\" for the process, as it depends on the current level of knowledge, attitudes and actual practice (behavior) of both the public and the service agency. In Jordan, for example, there is awareness of environmental issues, but trust must be developed to generate public support for programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Some recent and ongoing initiatives for the development of strategies, models and tools in the field of environmental sanitation in economically less developed countries. 在经济较不发达国家环境卫生领域制定战略、模式和工具的一些最近和正在进行的倡议。
Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01
R Schertenleib
{"title":"Some recent and ongoing initiatives for the development of strategies, models and tools in the field of environmental sanitation in economically less developed countries.","authors":"R Schertenleib","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"23-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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