Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum最新文献_第6页

Vitamin D and immune function: autocrine, paracrine or endocrine? 维生素D与免疫功能:自分泌、旁分泌还是内分泌?

Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.682862

Martin Hewison

{"title":"Vitamin D and immune function: autocrine, paracrine or endocrine?","authors":"Martin Hewison","doi":"10.3109/00365513.2012.682862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2012.682862","url":null,"abstract":"Prominent amongst the non-classical effects of vitamin D is its interaction with the immune system. Although this has been recognized for many years, it is only through recent studies that we have been able to fully understand the impact of vitamin D on normal innate and adaptive immune function. In particular these studies have illustrated how impaired vitamin D status has important ramifications for dysregulated immune responses to infection and aberrant inflammatory responses associated with autoimmune disease. Indeed it seems likely that the effects of vitamin D will extend beyond these established immune diseases to include additional novel effects, such as interaction with the enteric gut microbiota. Central to this new perspective on vitamin D and immunity has been the elucidation of pivotal mechanisms that underpin the interface between vitamin D and target immune cells. In particular, it is now clear that effects of vitamin D on monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes are not constrained by the metabolic pathways associated with classical endocrine actions of vitamin D. Instead, it is now important to also consider intracrine and paracrine pathways that are subject to a distinct set of modulatory signals, and which may also be influenced by disease-specific dysregulation. The current review will discuss this by comparing the intracrine, paracrine and endocrine metabolic systems that influence the interaction between vitamin D and the immune system.","PeriodicalId":76518,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum","volume":"243 ","pages":"92-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365513.2012.682862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40185892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 125

Vitamin D in children and adolescents. 儿童和青少年的维生素D。

Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.682885

Christel Lamberg-Allardt

引用次数: 17

Metabolism and biomarkers of vitamin D. 维生素D的代谢和生物标志物。

Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.681892

Glenville Jones

{"title":"Metabolism and biomarkers of vitamin D.","authors":"Glenville Jones","doi":"10.3109/00365513.2012.681892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2012.681892","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade has witnessed a renaissance in the interest in the metabolism and biological actions of vitamin D(3). Part of this new found interest stems from the discovery that its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)(2)D3], through its nuclear vitamin D receptor [VDR], regulates hundreds of genes around the body including those coding for proteins involved in cell differentiation and cell proliferation as well as calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Furthermore, epidemiological association studies have suggested that levels of the main circulating form, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] correlate positively with various health outcomes connected to major diseases: cancer, immune function and infections and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, the biochemistry around the metabolism of vitamin D, its mechanism of its action in target cells and the clinical chemistry questions regarding its specific and sensitive assay remain relevant. This short article will review the current state of knowledge of the cytochrome P450-enzymes involved in activation and inactivation of vitamin D, as well as provide a synopsis of the biochemistry and physiology surrounding its roles in the body. The review will end by discussing the appropriate biomarkers to assess vitamin D metabolism and vitamin D status in various clinical disease settings.","PeriodicalId":76518,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum","volume":"243 ","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365513.2012.681892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40186513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 81

Interaction between vitamin D and calcium. 维生素D和钙的相互作用。

Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.681960

Paul Lips

{"title":"Interaction between vitamin D and calcium.","authors":"Paul Lips","doi":"10.3109/00365513.2012.681960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2012.681960","url":null,"abstract":"A low calcium intake aggravates the consequences of vitamin D deficiency. This suggests an interaction between vitamin D and calcium intake, which is the subject of this review. The active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the intestinal cell and stimulates the active calcium transport from the intestine to the circulation. Vitamin D is not needed for the paracellular transport of calcium, which depends on the calcium gradient. Active calcium absorption decreases when the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is < 20 nmol/L. Studies in the VDR null mouse have demonstrated that bone mineralisation can be restored without vitamin D by a diet very high in calcium and lactose. Both calcium and vitamin D metabolites can decrease the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) through the calcium sensing receptor and the VDR respectively. With an increasing serum 25(OH)D concentration up to 100 nmol/L or higher serum PTH is still decreasing. A high calcium intake increases the half life of 25(OH)D. In patients with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism, the half life of 25(OH)D is shorter. Similar interactions between calcium intake and vitamin D status have been shown in rat experiments, generally indicating that a high calcium intake is good for the vitamin D economy. Clinical trials with vitamin D and/or calcium to decrease fracture incidence generally have shown that trials with vitamin D and calcium had better results than calcium or vitamin D alone. The effects of these trials also depend on baseline calcium intake, baseline vitamin D status, age and residence. Trials in institutionalized persons had better results than in independently living elderly. These results confirm that an interaction exists between calcium and vitamin D.","PeriodicalId":76518,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum","volume":"243 ","pages":"60-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365513.2012.681960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40186520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 110

Key questions in vitamin D research. 维生素D研究中的关键问题。

Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.682895

Patsy M Brannon

{"title":"Key questions in vitamin D research.","authors":"Patsy M Brannon","doi":"10.3109/00365513.2012.682895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2012.682895","url":null,"abstract":"Despite interest and expanding research on non-bone health outcomes, the evidence remains inconclusive concerning the causal role of vitamin D in the non-bone health outcomes. To improve our understanding of its role, research needs to address five key areas related to vitamin D: 1) its physiology and molecular pathways. 2) its relationship to health outcomes. 3) its exposure-response relationships, 4) its interactions with genotype and other nutrients and 5) its adverse effects. Its metabolism needs to be elucidated including extra-renal activation and catabolism, distribution and mobilization from body pools, kinetics of this distribution, and their regulation during pregnancy and lactation. Rigorous, well-designed randomized clinical trials need to evaluate the causal role of vitamin D in a diverse array of non-bone health and chronic disease outcomes across the life cycle and reproductive states. Critically needed is the determination of the exposure-response, inflection and threshold of serum 25(OH)D concentrations relative to functional and health outcomes. The dose-response relationships of standardized measures of serum 25(OH)D need to be understood in response to low and high doses of total vitamin D with careful consideration of confounding factors including catabolic rates. How do relevant genetic polymorphisms, dietary calcium and phosphate and potentially dietary cholesterol interact with vitamin D exposure on its bioavailability, transport, distribution in body pools, metabolism and action as well as on bone and non-bone health outcomes? The nature and mechanisms of U-shaped risk relationships with adverse health outcomes at higher exposure to vitamin D needs elucidated across the life cycle and reproductive stages.","PeriodicalId":76518,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum","volume":"243 ","pages":"154-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365513.2012.682895","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40186380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

"Vitamin D - why does it matter?" - defining vitamin D deficiency and its prevalence. “维生素D——为什么重要?”定义维生素D缺乏及其流行程度。

Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.681938

Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari

引用次数: 26

Vitamin D and bone health. 维生素D和骨骼健康。

Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.681963

Andrew G Turner, Paul H Anderson, Howard A Morris

{"title":"Vitamin D and bone health.","authors":"Andrew G Turner, Paul H Anderson, Howard A Morris","doi":"10.3109/00365513.2012.681963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2012.681963","url":null,"abstract":"Current data demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency contributes to the aetiology of at least two metabolic bone diseases, osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Osteomalacia, or rickets in children, results from a delay in mineralization and can be resolved by normalization of plasma calcium and phosphate homeostasis independently of vitamin D activity. The well characterized endocrine pathway of vitamin D metabolism and activities is solely responsible for vitamin D regulating plasma calcium and phosphate homeostasis and therefore for protecting against osteomalacia. In contrast a large body of clinical data indicate that an adequate vitamin D status as represented by the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration protects against osteoporosis by improving bone mineral density and reducing the risk of fracture. Interestingly adequate serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations do not reduce the risk of fracture. In vitro human bone cell cultures and animal model studies indicate that 25-hydroxyvitamin D can be metabolised to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by each of the major bone cells to activate VDR and modulate gene expression to reduce osteoblast proliferation and stimulate osteoblast and osteoclast maturation. These effects are associated with increased mineralization and decreased mineral resorption. Dietary calcium interacts with vitamin D metabolism at both the renal and bone tissue levels to direct either a catabolic action on bone through the endocrine system or an anabolic action through a bone tissue autocrine or paracrine system.","PeriodicalId":76518,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum","volume":"243 ","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365513.2012.681963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40186521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 253

Vitamin D and cancer: integration of cellular biology, molecular mechanisms and animal models. 维生素D与癌症:细胞生物学、分子机制和动物模型的整合。

Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.682870

Joellen Welsh

{"title":"Vitamin D and cancer: integration of cellular biology, molecular mechanisms and animal models.","authors":"Joellen Welsh","doi":"10.3109/00365513.2012.682870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2012.682870","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiologic data suggest that the incidence and severity of many types of cancer inversely correlates with indices of vitamin D status. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is highly expressed in epithelial cells at risk for carcinogenesis including those resident in skin, breast, prostate and colon, providing a direct molecular link by which vitamin D status impacts on carcinogenesis. Consistent with this concept, activation of VDR by its ligand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) triggers comprehensive genomic changes in epithelial cells that contribute to maintenance of the differentiated phenotype, resistance to cellular stresses and protection of the genome. Many epithelial cells also express the vitamin D metabolizing enzyme CYP27B1 which enables autocrine generation of 1,25(OH)(2)D from the circulating vitamin D metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), critically linking overall vitamin D status with cellular anti-tumor actions. Furthermore, pre-clinical studies in animal models have demonstrated that dietary supplementation with vitamin D or chronic treatment with VDR agonists decreases tumor development in skin, colon, prostate and breast. Conversely, deletion of the VDR gene in mice alters the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, increases oxidative DNA damage, and enhances susceptibility to carcinogenesis in these tissues. Because VDR expression is retained in many human tumors, vitamin D status may be an important modulator of cancer progression in persons living with cancer. Collectively, these observations reinforce the need to further define the molecular actions of the VDR and the human requirement for vitamin D in relation to cancer development and progression.","PeriodicalId":76518,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum","volume":"243 ","pages":"103-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365513.2012.682870","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40185893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Approaches to measurement of vitamin D concentrations - immunoassays. 维生素D浓度的测定方法。免疫分析法。

Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.681955

Beatus Ofenloch-Haehnle

{"title":"Approaches to measurement of vitamin D concentrations - immunoassays.","authors":"Beatus Ofenloch-Haehnle","doi":"10.3109/00365513.2012.681955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2012.681955","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical relevance of vitamin D calls for analytically reliable and cost-effective testing methods. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), the storage form of vitamin D in the blood circulation, is widely accepted as the best indicator of the individual vitamin D status. 25(OH)D immunoassays play a major role in routine testing in the clinical laboratory and many new automated immunoassays have been introduced to the market by the diagnostic industry in recent years. Detectability, precision, traceability and comparability to the reference method liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectroscopy (LCTMS) are essential quality requirements for 25(OH)D immunoassays. The hydrophobic nature of the analyte, the high concentration and affinity of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) in serum and the cross-reactivity requirements due to the broad spectrum of metabolites of vitamin D are most demanding for assay development. It requires an adequate assay design including a thorough pretreatment process to inactivate the VDBP, careful selection of the specifier (antibody or binding protein) to meet the cross-reactivity requirement, and standardization of the assay versus LCTMS to achieve comparability of results between methods.","PeriodicalId":76518,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum","volume":"243 ","pages":"50-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365513.2012.681955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40186518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Standardization of measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2. 25-羟基维生素D3和D2测定的标准化。

Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.681950

Linda M Thienpont, Hedwig C M Stepman, Hubert W Vesper

{"title":"Standardization of measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2.","authors":"Linda M Thienpont, Hedwig C M Stepman, Hubert W Vesper","doi":"10.3109/00365513.2012.681950","DOIUrl":"10.3109/00365513.2012.681950","url":null,"abstract":"The vitamin D status is increasingly assessed/monitored in different populations, research cohorts and individual patients. This is done by measuring the liver metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 as biomarkers. Recommendations for using specific serum concentrations of these biomarkers to assess a person's vitamin D status were done. This requires current vitamin D assays to be sufficiently accurate over time, location and laboratory procedures. In view of the fact that several studies demonstrated that current 25(OH)D measurement methods do not meet this prerequisite, standardization is needed. This paper rehearses the basic concept of standardization, in particular applied to measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Progress has been made by establishing a reference measurement system consisting of reference methods and reference materials. Coordinated efforts to improve the accuracy and standardize measurements are being performed by organizations such as the U.S. NIH, the CDC and Prevention, the NIST together with their national and international partners. Beyond describing the available reference measurement system and its use as calibration hierarchy to establish traceability of measurements with routine laboratory methods to the SI-unit, this report will also focus on other aspects considered essential for a successful and sustainable standardization, such as analytical issues related to the definition of the measurand and analytical performance goals.","PeriodicalId":76518,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum","volume":"243 ","pages":"41-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813281/pdf/nihms940631.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40186517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0