Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing最新文献

{"title":"TOFD-Based Ultrasonic Inspection of Pipeline Welds Using Multifrequency Array Scanning and AlexNet-SVM Classification","authors":"Ting Zou,&nbsp;Changjun Liu,&nbsp;Guangyu Chen,&nbsp;Chen Ma,&nbsp;Dongao Huo","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925605215","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925605215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The quality of girth welds in long-distance oil and gas pipelines is critical for the safe operation of pipeline systems. This study investigates time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) ultrasonic inspection of X70-grade pipeline steel butt welds containing typical defects such as porosity, lack of fusion, cracks, slag inclusions, and lack of penetration. A multifrequency dual-probe array scanning strategy was developed to increase blind-zone coverage to 95%. A multimodal joint filtering algorithm was applied to suppress impulse noise while preserving high-frequency details, resulting in a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 38.6 dB and improved defect contrast. For defect classification, an AlexNet-SVM hybrid model was constructed by replacing the Softmax classifier with an RBF-kernel SVM and optimizing hyperparameters. The proposed method achieved a classification accuracy of 98.67%, which is 9.97% higher than that of the baseline AlexNet model and meets the requirements of ASME B31.8S-2021. The results demonstrate that the combined scanning strategy, image preprocessing, and optimized classifier can significantly improve the reliability and automation of TOFD-based weld defect detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 1","pages":"S37 - S57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusing Multiscale Nonlocal Total Variation and Adaptive Bilateral Filtering for Iterative Reconstruction in Sparse-View CT","authors":"Junhan Li,&nbsp;Zhedong Ge,&nbsp;Xuechong Zhang,&nbsp;Yisheng Gao,&nbsp;Xiaotong Liu","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925605185","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925605185","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sparse-view computed tomography (CT) iterative reconstruction suffers from severe image quality degradation, including reduced resolution and pronounced artifacts, due to insufficient projection data. As a result, it fails to meet the requirements for high-fidelity imaging in industrial and medical applications. To address this issue, this paper proposes a sparse-view CT iterative reconstruction algorithm that integrates multiscale nonlocal total variation and adaptive bilateral filtering (MA-SART). The proposed method extends the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) by incorporating a combined regularization strategy based on multiscale nonlocal total variation (MNLTV) and adaptive bilateral filtering (ABF) within the iterative reconstruction loop. This synergistic framework aims to achieve a globally optimal reconstruction while preserving fine details and effectively suppressing artifacts and noise. Specifically, the MNLTV term captures nonlocal similarities across multiple scales, thereby reducing gradient-related artifacts at the global structural level. In addition, the proposed ABF dynamically adjusts its spatial and intensity standard deviations and employs a gradient consistency constraint to modulate the range kernel weights, which suppresses artifacts near strong edges while preserving edge structures. The performance of MA-SART was validated using the Shepp–Logan phantom and wood transverse section datasets. Qualitative results show that images reconstructed using MA-SART closely resemble the reference images, particularly in regions with complex textures under magnification. For quantitative evaluation, the root mean square error (RMSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) were used to compare MA-SART with ART, SART, SART-GSRRGF, and POCS-TVM. The experimental results demonstrate that MA-SART produces reconstructions that are closer to the original images and outperform the comparison methods in preserving fine structural details.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 1","pages":"S162 - S178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiparameter Evaluation of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise in Low Alloy High-Temperature Steel 12Cr1MoV after Thermal Aging","authors":"Y. P. Ivanova,&nbsp;I. St. Ivanov,&nbsp;Vl. V. Kamenov,&nbsp;B. G. Velev","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925605203","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925605203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long-term exploitation at high temperatures of steel components leads to degradation of the microstructure, which causes a decrease in their mechanical properties and can reduce their life cycle. In practice, the study of the obtained microstructures is carried out by mechanical tests and metallographic analysis. The application of nondestructive methods could increase the possibilities of monitoring the quality of the elements. The aim of this study is to identify the microstructure degradation of heat-resistant low-alloy low-carbon steel 12Cr1MoV using the magnetic noise method. Magnetic noise parameters such as root mean square voltage (RMS) and BN envelope parameters are analyzed to identify the undesirable microstructures variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 1","pages":"S137 - S149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thickness Measurement of Single and Multilayer Thermal Protection System over CFRP by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy","authors":"B. Nidheesh Kumar,&nbsp;M. C. Santhosh Kumar,&nbsp;Krishnan Balasubramanian,&nbsp;S. Remakanthan,&nbsp;Girish N. Namboodiri,&nbsp;K. K. Moideenkutty,&nbsp;L. Mohan Kumar","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925605379","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925605379","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The external structure of launch vehicles is made up of metals or composites, which are insulated with multilayer materials to create a thermal protection system. In some instances, cork phenolic of the required thickness is bonded to the external structures to serve as a thermal protection system. Single-layer thermal insulation paint is applied over the cork phenolic sheet to further enhance thermal insulation. In some instances, multiple thermal insulation paints function as a thermal protection system and are coated by spraying or brushing over external structures. Conventional non-destructive testing methods, such as the eddy current technique, ultrasonic testing, and magnetic gauges, cannot be used for thickness measurement of single-layer and multilayer coatings over carbon fiber-reinforced plastic substrates. Terahertz-time domain spectroscopy in reflection mode is employed in this study for the thickness measurement of cork phenolic/single and multilayer thermal insulation systems over carbon fiber reinforced plastic substrates. A sparse deconvolution method resolves the reflected echo from each interface. The calculated thickness measurements of thermal protection systems closely match the optical microscopy reading.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 1","pages":"S150 - S161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction-Enhanced Frequency-Domain Reverse-Time Migration for Ultrasonic Imaging of Vertical Cracks","authors":"Si Chen,&nbsp;Yifeng Zhang,&nbsp;Tengfei Ma,&nbsp;Zheng Xu,&nbsp;Jiansheng Jiang,&nbsp;Jiaqi Gao","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925605227","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925605227","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Crack defects in metallic materials severely compromise structural integrity, and the ultrasonic detection and characterization of vertical cracks remain challenging due to wave scattering, attenuation, and limited penetration. This paper proposes a correction-enhanced frequency-domain reverse-time migration (CF-RTM) method for ultrasonic imaging of vertical cracks. The method introduces a correction-enhanced factor to mitigate the influence of ultrasonic wave diffusion and attenuation in the vertical crack defect region. It then applies frequency-domain RTM for crack defect image reconstruction, which reduces computational complexity and enhances image quality. Experimental results demonstrate that CF-RTM effectively balances the amplitude distribution between the shallow and deep regions of defects, thereby enhancing the detectability of deep vertical cracks. Compared with the total focusing method (TFM), CF-RTM demonstrates significant advantages in identifying the deep regions of cracks and overall defect morphology reconstruction, providing more uniform amplitude distribution and a more complete defect morphology. In lateral amplitude comparison, the proposed method achieves a peak value 57.31% higher than TFM, confirming the method’s capability in imaging deep crack defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 1","pages":"S58 - S72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress and Development Trends in Pulsed Eddy Current Testing","authors":"Zhibing Lu,&nbsp;Yutao Li,&nbsp;Shaojie Xiang,&nbsp;Yalin Zhang,&nbsp;Liu Hong,&nbsp;Ziyang Zhang,&nbsp;Guozheng Xu,&nbsp;Xiaonan Liu,&nbsp;Xiaofang Liu","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925605008","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925605008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) is a nondestructive testing (NDT) technique based on electromagnetic induction. Utilizing transient high-energy pulse excitation to generate broadband eddy currents, enabling the inspection of thick, coated, or multilayer structures. This paper first provides a concise overview of PECT technology, emphasizing the urgent need for deep-layer defect detection and reliability assessment in aerospace, nuclear power, and petrochemical industries. It then systematically reviews the fundamental principles and technical characteristics of PECT, examines current research hotspots and frontier developments. This paper compares the contributions of major international research groups and industrial organizations, and analyzes key technical challenges and future development trends. Through literature comparison and representative case analysis, particular emphasis is placed on the latest progress in probe design, defect detection under multilayer protective barriers, feature extraction, and quantitative evaluation. Despite its promising capabilities, PECT faces critical challenges in both theoretical research and engineering applications, including inadequate robustness, a lack of standardized experimental protocols, and limited on-site adaptability. Future research directions may focus on developing intelligent inspection systems, integrating multi-parameter sensing technologies, and deploying remote monitoring and diagnostic applications within Internet of Things (IoT) environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 1","pages":"S114 - S136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation Study of Laser Ultrasound Synthetic Aperture Focusing Imaging Technology in Subsurface Defects","authors":"Wei Zeng,&nbsp;Huanzhang Chen,&nbsp;Yun Wei,&nbsp;Huiling Peng","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925604684","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925604684","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate detection of subsurface defects in materials is critical to ensuring the structural integrity and service reliability of workpieces. In order to address the challenge of visual detection of subsurface defects in workpieces, in this paper, a laser ultrasonic subsurface defect imaging method employing a dynamic two-dimensional (2D) rectangular window based on the time-domain synthetic aperture focusing technique (T-SAFT) is proposed. Firstly, the directional amplitude distribution of ultrasound generated by a pulse laser inside the workpiece and the propagation time delay characteristics of mode-converted acoustic waves are analyzed, and the longitudinal wave converted to shear wave (LS) signal to be used for the imaging of subsurface defects. Then, a numerical simulation model of laser ultrasonic subsurface defects is established, and the laser ultrasonic imaging method based on T-SAFT is adopted for the detection of subsurface defects. In order to achieve quantitative imaging detection of subsurface defects, a 2D dynamic rectangular window of appropriate size is introduced to extract the characteristic signals of subsurface defects. The visualization detection of subsurface defects with diameters ranging from 0.1 to 1.2 mm and burial depths ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 mm is successfully realized with the average detection error controlled within 7%. The proposed technique provides an effective detection method for the imaging detection of subsurface defects in laser ultrasonic technique filed.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 1","pages":"S1 - S18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rectangular Flexible Eddy Current Array Sensor for Detecting Cracks on the Curved Surface of Engineering Vehicle Hubs","authors":"Ming Que,&nbsp;Jie Ma,&nbsp;Wei Guan,&nbsp;Su Long Wu,&nbsp;Yinghong Zhang","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925604866","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925604866","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Before engineering vehicle hubs are put into official use, it is crucial to conduct safety inspections for cracks that may occur during the manufacturing process. This study proposes a rectangular flexible eddy current array sensor for detecting cracks on the curved surfaces of engineering vehicle hubs. The study begins with sensor design, proposing a quantitative analysis method for surface cracks on test samples based on the sensor’s structural characteristics. Through finite element simulation, the relationship between the sensor and the distribution of surface cracks on the sample is analyzed, revealing the correlation between the orientation angle of the sample cracks and the changes in the induced demodulated voltage characteristics of the receiving coil. Experiments conducted on steel plates demonstrated the feasibility of this method for quantifying crack length and orientation angle. Moreover, in the wheel hub surface crack detection experiment, this sensor also demonstrated certain detection capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 1","pages":"S99 - S113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nondestructive Evaluation of Cracks in Graphite Electrode Using TEM","authors":"Kwang-Bok Jon,&nbsp;Song-Gun Ri,&nbsp;Gang-Sop Kim,&nbsp;Il-Hyok Kim,&nbsp;Phyong-Il Rim","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925604799","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925604799","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface and interior crack of graphite electrode is one of the major factors caused breaking accident of the electrode in electrical furnace that uses graphite electrode. Therefore, the detection of the interior crack of graphite electrode has practical and important application value. Pulsed eddy-current method (PEC) is widely used to survey conductive anomaly or ore body buried underground in geophysical prospecting. We have an idea to use PEC in nondestructive testing of graphite electrode with micro cracks and verify the applicability through the numerical simulation and experimental method. We make a code for the simulation and imaging and a PEC device for testing graphite electrode. According to numerical simulation, PEC can discriminate the interior cracks which has depth of the cracks location less than 13 centimeters. The experimental result shows that the proposed method can be used to find out the geometrical state of surface and interior cracks of graphite electrode and finally, quantitatively evaluate the quality of it.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 1","pages":"S87 - S98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Quantitative Detection of Magnetic Signals of Wire Rope Defects Based on Magneto-Mechanical Coupling Effect under Weak Magnetic Excitation","authors":"Hangyu Li,&nbsp;Juwei Zhang,&nbsp;Yiliu Qu","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925604441","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925604441","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Steel wire ropes are widely used in industries such as mine hoisting, construction, and bridge construction. Structural failure during long-term, high-frequency operation can cause significant economic losses and even threaten human safety. Magnetic flux leakage testing (MFL) is a nondestructive testing technique that can detect defects in steel wire ropes. This study examined arc-shaped wear defects in steel wire ropes. Based on the magneto-mechanical coupling effect, a magneto-mechanical coupling parameter model was established under a constant weak magnetic field (200 A/m). The interaction between stress and magnetic permeability in the elastic phase was analyzed. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to quantitatively analyze the damage magnetic signal, verifying a strong correlation between the damage magnetic signal and defect depth and tensile force. Due to the complex structure of the wire rope, the magnetic signal morphology of the arc-shaped wear defect region is similar to that of the non-defect region. The gradient values of the collected axial and radial magnetic signals were calculated. Under a weak magnetic field, the gradient eigenvalues increased approximately threefold compared to those under a geomagnetic field. The gradient eigenvalues increased linearly with both defect depth and tensile force. Curve fitting effectively determined the defect location and damage severity. The research results provide theoretical basis and method support for nondestructive testing and quantitative evaluation of steel wire ropes under weak magnetic excitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 1","pages":"S73 - S86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}