American journal of public health最新文献

Preventing Real-World Pediatric Vehicular Heatstroke Events With Technology. 用技术预防现实世界儿童车辆中暑事件。

IF 12.7 1区医学

American journal of public health Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2025.308109

Jalaj Maheshwari,Emma Sartin,Gregory Chingas,Kristy B Arbogast

{"title":"Preventing Real-World Pediatric Vehicular Heatstroke Events With Technology.","authors":"Jalaj Maheshwari,Emma Sartin,Gregory Chingas,Kristy B Arbogast","doi":"10.2105/ajph.2025.308109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2025.308109","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To determine if currently available technologies can prevent real-world pediatric vehicular heatstroke cases. Methods. We systematically reviewed cases of children dying in hot vehicles to identify \"exemplar\" scenarios. Exemplar events were defined as cases that were distinct from others based on characteristics of the child, caregiver, and the setting or context in which the event occurred. We then determined whether available detection, alerting, and intervention technologies would have functioned as intended in each scenario. Results. We identified 10 exemplar cases. Technologies' effectiveness varied drastically; some would have functioned as intended in all exemplar cases, and others in only 1 or 2. No single technology by itself could have prevented all deaths. Conclusions. A combination of vehicle technologies is needed to reduce cases of pediatric vehicular heatstroke. Public Health Implications. The Hot Cars Act (2021) mandates that vehicles have child safety alert systems in 2025. However, it does not provide any specific guidelines to manufacturers about which technologies should be used. Our results highlight technologies that may be most effective in preventing pediatric vehicular heatstroke and underscore the importance of utilizing multiple features in tandem. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 18, 2025:e1-e5. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308109).","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":"600 1","pages":"e1-e5"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

African Immigrants and the End of the HIV Epidemic in the United States: Actionable Recommendations to Enhance Equity. 非洲移民与美国艾滋病毒流行病的终结：加强公平的可操作建议。

IF 12.7 1区医学

American journal of public health Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2025.308160

Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong,Emmanuel Koku,Nipher Malika,Chioma Nnaji,Roxanne Kerani

{"title":"African Immigrants and the End of the HIV Epidemic in the United States: Actionable Recommendations to Enhance Equity.","authors":"Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong,Emmanuel Koku,Nipher Malika,Chioma Nnaji,Roxanne Kerani","doi":"10.2105/ajph.2025.308160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2025.308160","url":null,"abstract":"African immigrants in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV yet remain overlooked in public health strategies such as the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative. Many reside in EHE-prioritized counties, but their categorization under the broad \"Black/African American\" label obscures their distinct pathways to HIV acquisition and barriers to care. We explore how African immigrants can be more effectively prioritized in the EHE framework. We examine key challenges, including stigma, cultural and linguistic barriers, and structural inequities, that limit access to prevention and treatment services. Additionally, sociocultural factors, such as traditional health beliefs and immigration-related stressors, exacerbate these barriers. We propose actionable strategies to address these gaps, including disaggregated data collection, culturally tailored interventions, and partnerships with African immigrant communities. By aligning EHE efforts with the unique needs of this population, public health strategies can better address disparities and advance equity in the fight to end the HIV epidemic. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 18, 2025:e1-e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308160).","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":"44 1","pages":"e1-e10"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-Managed Medication Abortion: History, Evidence, Models of Care, and Policy Considerations. 自我管理药物流产：历史、证据、护理模式和政策考虑。

IF 12.7 1区医学

American journal of public health Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2025.308133

Laura E Jacobson,Caitlin Gerdts

{"title":"Self-Managed Medication Abortion: History, Evidence, Models of Care, and Policy Considerations.","authors":"Laura E Jacobson,Caitlin Gerdts","doi":"10.2105/ajph.2025.308133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2025.308133","url":null,"abstract":"Self-managed abortion (SMA) represents a significant shift in the abortion landscape, offering an alternative to facility-based care via the medication misoprostol with or without mifepristone. The World Health Organization recommends SMA with medications as safe and effective up to 12 weeks' gestation and with access to information and health system referrals. Increasing prevalence of SMA can be attributed to a range of factors, including legal and logistical barriers to facility-based care as well as a social movement advocating autonomy and demedicalized practices in the United States, particularly after the US Supreme Court decided Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Org., 597 US (2022). We document the history, safety and effectiveness, measurement challenges, and models of SMA care and review ongoing legal and policy challenges. Despite its clinical and practical advantages, SMA exists in a complex policy environment that hinders access to safe abortion. Evidence from diverse regions demonstrates the potential for SMA to expand access, especially where care is limited or restricted. As research affirms the safety of SMA, including later in pregnancy, it remains vital to protect and expand access to abortion medications, without threat of criminalization, to ensure that individuals can exercise their reproductive rights and autonomy. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 18, 2025:e1-e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308133).","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":"44 1","pages":"e1-e8"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Youth Detention and Incarceration Facilities in the United States (2010 to February 2023): Mapping Closure Intents and Implementation. 美国青少年拘留和监禁设施（2010年至2023年2月）：绘制关闭意图和实施。

IF 9.6 1区医学

American journal of public health Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308118

Emily J Johnson, Hunter Pluckebaum, Karin D Martin, Benjamin Danielson, Brenda Majercin, Sheila Ater Capestany, Vivian H Lyons

{"title":"Youth Detention and Incarceration Facilities in the United States (2010 to February 2023): Mapping Closure Intents and Implementation.","authors":"Emily J Johnson, Hunter Pluckebaum, Karin D Martin, Benjamin Danielson, Brenda Majercin, Sheila Ater Capestany, Vivian H Lyons","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2025.308118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308118","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To characterize youth detention and incarceration facility closure attempts in the United States from 2010 to February 2023 and inform ongoing attempts for facility closure. Methods. We conducted a landscape analysis of youth facilities with stated intent to close during our study period. For each facility, we coded for jurisdiction (state vs local), year of attempt, stated reasons for closure, outcome of the facility (closed, remained open, or other), facility size, and what happened to youths after the facility closed. Results. We identified a total of 118 facilities in 33 states that had committed to closure in our study period. The most cited reasons for the intention to close were cost (69% of facilities), declining numbers (46%), operational and facilities issues (36%), reform (33%), and conditions of confinement and abuse (30%). Sixty-two percent of identified facilities closed (n = 73). Conclusions. Most facilities that had announced closures did close. For facilities that closed, the most commonly cited reasons were cost and decreasing numbers. Reform as a reason was more common in facilities that remained open than closed. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 12, 2025:e1-e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308118).","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"e1-e9"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of LGBTQ+ Persecution on Transnational African Immigrants. LGBTQ+迫害对跨国非洲移民的影响。

IF 9.6 1区医学

American journal of public health Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308076

Kelechi Ibe-Lamberts, Destiny Onyeise

引用次数: 0

Sustainability of the Growth of the Local Public Health Workforce During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2022. 2019-2022年COVID-19大流行期间当地公共卫生人力增长的可持续性

IF 9.6 1区医学

American journal of public health Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308096

Krishna Patel, Timothy C McCall, Margaret Cunningham, Chloe Garofalini, Joi Lee, Aaron A Alford

{"title":"Sustainability of the Growth of the Local Public Health Workforce During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2022.","authors":"Krishna Patel, Timothy C McCall, Margaret Cunningham, Chloe Garofalini, Joi Lee, Aaron A Alford","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2025.308096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308096","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To explore whether and how the local health department (LHD) workforce shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic given the large influx of supplemental funding to public health. Methods. We used data from the National Association of County and City Health Officials National Profile of Local Health Departments, the main source of comprehensive data collected from LHDs across the United States. Total numbers of employees, total numbers of full-time equivalents (FTEs), and employee types (full time, part time, contractual, and seasonal) were used to estimate the total LHD workforce in 2022, changes in the LHD workforce from 2019 to 2022, and changes in the LHD workforce from 2019 to 2022 by employee type. Results. In 2022, the estimated LHD workforce consisted of 182 100 employees or 163 200 FTEs. Between 2019 and 2022, there was a 19% increase in the total LHD workforce, but the size of the workforce varied according to jurisdiction size and rurality. The largest increase was among contract workers (175%), whereas the full-time workforce grew by approximately 7%, indicating that the permanent workforce was predominantly unchanged. Conclusions. With the surge in temporary and contract workers in 2022, there are concerns regarding the sustainability of the LHD workforce. Without continued strategic and sustained funding across jurisdiction types, the workforce may be in jeopardy. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 12, 2025:e1-e7. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308096).","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"e1-e7"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breaking Barriers: Advancing Employment Opportunities for Black Women. 打破障碍：促进黑人妇女的就业机会。

IF 9.6 1区医学

American journal of public health Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308153

Cynthia Tucker, Tamika L Foust, Nicole Baldwin, Tamecia Moore

引用次数: 0

Identification of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals in the All of Us Research Program, 2017-2022. 2017-2022年我们所有人研究计划中跨性别和性别多样化个体的识别。

IF 9.6 1区医学

American journal of public health Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308129

Fanghui Shi, Xueying Yang, Ruilie Cai, Jiajia Zhang, Sayward E Harrison, Shan Qiao, Sarah Grace Frary, Xiaoming Li

{"title":"Identification of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals in the All of Us Research Program, 2017-2022.","authors":"Fanghui Shi, Xueying Yang, Ruilie Cai, Jiajia Zhang, Sayward E Harrison, Shan Qiao, Sarah Grace Frary, Xiaoming Li","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2025.308129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308129","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To develop computable phenotype algorithms to identify a transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) cohort by using diverse data sources in All of Us, a national community-engaged program to facilitate health equity in the United States by partnering with 1 million participants. Methods. We identified TGD individuals in All of Us by applying inclusion criteria based on conditions, laboratory measurements, or medications related to being TGD in electronic health record data or confirmed survey responses, using participant data collected between May 31, 2017, and July 1, 2022. Results. Of 413 457 participants, we identified 4781 (1.2%) as TGD. Participants aged 18 to 29 years (26.1% vs 8.2%), who were bisexual (20.7% vs 3.5%), with annual income of less than $25 000 (35.9% vs 24.7%), and with housing security concerns (31.9% vs 16.0%) accounted for a larger proportion of TGD individuals than non-TGD individuals. Conclusions. Combining survey and electronic health record data enables the identification of TGD individuals who have been missed by previous studies that used survey data alone in All of Us to explore health disparities in TGD people. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 5, 2025:e1-e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308129).","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"e1-e10"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expiration of the Expanded Child Tax Credit and Energy Insecurity in US Households With Children, 2021-2022. 扩大的儿童税收抵免到期和美国有孩子家庭的能源不安全，2021-2022。

IF 9.6 1区医学

American journal of public health Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308105

Cecile Yama, Jordan M Rook, Lauren E Wisk, Rebecca Dudovitz, Diana Hernández, David P Eisenman, Kathryn M Leifheit

{"title":"Expiration of the Expanded Child Tax Credit and Energy Insecurity in US Households With Children, 2021-2022.","authors":"Cecile Yama, Jordan M Rook, Lauren E Wisk, Rebecca Dudovitz, Diana Hernández, David P Eisenman, Kathryn M Leifheit","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2025.308105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308105","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To assess the relationship between the expiration of the expanded child tax credit (ECTC) and changes in energy insecurity among US households with children from 2021 to 2022. Methods. We used nationally representative survey data to evaluate changes in energy insecurity among credit-eligible versus -ineligible households during and after the ECTC expansion. We performed difference-in-differences analyses to estimate changes in energy insecurity in the 2 groups and conducted stratified analyses by percentage of the federal poverty line. Results. There was a 0.95 percentage point increase in inability to pay energy bills (95% confidence interval = 0.07, 1.85) among households with children but no difference in other measures of energy insecurity. Stratified analyses showed that households at 200% to 399% and 400% to 599% of the federal poverty line experienced increases in energy insecurity after expiration of the ECTC. We saw no differences in the lowest-income groups (< 200% federal poverty line). Conclusions. The expiration of the ECTC was associated with increased inability to pay energy bills, suggesting that the credit prevented some forms of energy insecurity in households with children. Associations were limited to middle-income groups, indicating benefits were limited to this income stratum. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 5, 2025:e1-e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308105).","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"e1-e10"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trends in AIDS Drug Assistance Program Support for People With HIV, by Age, Sex, Race, and US Region, 2008‒2021. 2008-2021年艾滋病药物援助计划对艾滋病毒感染者的支持趋势，按年龄、性别、种族和美国地区分列。

IF 9.6 1区医学

American journal of public health Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308101

Kathleen A McManus, Amy Killelea, Tim Horn, Amber Steen, Brian Sun, Jessica Keim-Malpass, Auntré Hamp, Andrew Strumpf, Elizabeth T Rogawski McQuade

{"title":"Trends in AIDS Drug Assistance Program Support for People With HIV, by Age, Sex, Race, and US Region, 2008‒2021.","authors":"Kathleen A McManus, Amy Killelea, Tim Horn, Amber Steen, Brian Sun, Jessica Keim-Malpass, Auntré Hamp, Andrew Strumpf, Elizabeth T Rogawski McQuade","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2025.308101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308101","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To evaluate trends in AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) utilization among demographic subpopulations. Methods. For 2008 to 2021, we collected US state-level data regarding ADAP client utilization and estimated HIV prevalence data. We used descriptive statistics to describe state ADAP utilization by geography, demographics (age, sex, race), and programmatic characteristics. Results. ADAP utilization proportion increased from 14.0% of all people with HIV (PWH) in 2008 to 22.3% in 2021. The proportion of female PWH supported by ADAP was lower in both 2008 (12.2%) and 2021 (18.3%) compared with the proportion of male PWH supported (2008: 14.5%; 2021: 22.9%). In 2008, the utilization proportion was lower for Black PWH at 11.7% compared with 16.0% for White PWH. In 2021, the utilization proportion for Black PWH was 25.2% compared with 28.4% for White PWH. Conclusions. ADAP enrollment and utilization have increased substantially. Despite equity gains, Black PWH and women were served at lower proportions by ADAP. Public Health Implications. National and state partners of ADAPs should examine ways to ensure that ADAP utilization is equitable in terms of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and other sociodemographic factors. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 5, 2025:e1-e11. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308101).","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"e1-e11"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0