Agronomie最新文献

{"title":"A spectroscopic study of soil fulvic acid composition after six-year applications of urban waste compost","authors":"G. Gigliotti, A. Macchioni, C. Zuccaccia, P. L. Giusquiani, D. Businelli","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003048","url":null,"abstract":"La presente experimentation avait pour but de determiner les modifications que subit la composition des acides fulviques du sol suite a des amendements repetes de composts a base de dechets solides urbains (UWC). Les acides fulviques etaient extraits d'un sol argilo-limoneux (sol non amende - UNS), d'un UWC et de deux melanges sol-compost - un echantillon de sol provenant d'un melange fraichement prepare en laboratoire (LAS) et un second echantillon preleve sur place 8 mois apres le dernier d'une serie de traitements avec compost effectues durant six annees (6YAS). Les analyses spectroscopiques effectuees ont demontre que, par rapport au sol non amende, le compost possede une teneur plus elevee en groupes aliphatiques et carboxyliques et une teneur moindre en hydrates de carbone et C aromatiques. Immediatement apres l'addition de compost, les acides fulviques du sol se modifient, presentant une teneur plus elevee en C-H aliphatiques et groupes carboxyliques et une concentration moindre en noyaux aromatiques et hydrates de carbone. Pendant l'intervalle de 8 mois ecoule entre le dernier amendement et le prelevement des echantillons de sol, les donnees des analyses spectroscopiques pour 6YAS, LAS et UNS montrent que la substance organique du sol a subi une evolution, la concentration en chaines aliphatiques, noyaux aromatiques et polysaccharides tendant a se rapprocher des valeurs du controle non amende.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"15 1","pages":"719-724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82342458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing a water-use model for input to the water cloud backscatter model","authors":"A. Graham, Ray Harris","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003047","url":null,"abstract":"La surveillance par satellite de l'agriculture en utilisant les donnees d'un radar a ouverture synthetique (SAR) est utile pour calculer les valeurs d'humidite des cultures. Le modele semi-empirique de nuage de gouttelettes a ete employe dans le passe pour deriver les valeurs d'humidite mais la forme de l'equation indique qu'il est limite a un point donne dans l'espace et dans le temps. Le modele specifique d'utilisation de l'eau par les cultures (CHIPS) a ete developpe pour ameliorer la sortie du modele de retrodiffusion pour une utilisation avec la configuration du SAR de ERS-2 et pour permettre de generer des profils temporels. Cet article detaille la construction du modele CHIPS et met en valeur les methodes principales employees pour le relier a la retrodiffusion, y compris le potentiel hydrique et le calcul de l'evapotranspiration. Un exemple d'application du modele CHIPS a la culture de pomme de terre en Grande-Bretagne est donne pour demontrer son efficacite par rapport a l'utilisation des donnees seulement mesurees.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"3 1 1","pages":"711-718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80632231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of grazing systems: from decision and biophysical models to principles for action","authors":"M. Duru, B. Hubert","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003051","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in forage systems taking into account new environmental issues often lead to a reappraisal of the agricultural practices by farmers. These changes also raise new issues about the relevancy of traditional practices of grassland management. We therefore propose an analytical scheme to describe a production plan compatible with land resources (sown or native grasslands). To that end, we present a conceptual model that can be used to design a set of grazing management practices suited to a diversity of specifications. It involves of a combination of defoliation and fertilizer practices allowing different targets to be achieved in terms of herbage yield, composition, and grassland biodiversity. Finally, we suggest several management principles underlying these changes in forage systems. These management principles allow to take decisions on a monthly to yearly basis, to assess the conformity between farm resources and farmers’ objectives, and to coordinate different combinations of herd and land at different periods of the year.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"14 1","pages":"689-703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83128356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-exhaustive extraction techniques (NEETs) for bioavailability assessment of organic hydrophobic compounds in soils","authors":"E. Puglisi, Colin J. Patterson, G. Paton","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003049","url":null,"abstract":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cr uickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK(Received 16 July 2003; accepted 17 July 2003)bioavailability / hydrophobic organic compounds / non exhaustive extraction techniques / cyclodextrin / hydrophobic resinsbiodisponibilite / organique / extraction / cyclodextrine / resine hydrophobe","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"49 1","pages":"755-756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77679987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of environmentally-friendly crop management systems based on very early sowing dates for winter oilseed rape in France","authors":"J. Dejoux, J. Meynard, R. Reau, R. Roche, P. Saulas","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003050","url":null,"abstract":"Notre objectif est l'evaluation de nouveaux itineraires techniques du colza bases sur des semis tres precoces, afin d'ameliorer le bilan environnemental de cette culture sans affecter son bilan economique. Sur un reseau de 36 essais pendant 3 annees en France, les nouveaux itineraires techniques se sont averes plus efficaces que les itineraires techniques actuellement recommandes au niveau des performances environnementales : absorption, au cours de l'automne, de la quasi totalite de l'azote mineral du sol meme apres epandage d'effluent organique ; teneur en nitrate de l'eau percolee inferieure a 50 mg.l -1 ; reduction de l'emploi de molluscicides, meme en annee de forte infestation de limaces. En terme de marge brute, les resultats moyens furent favorables aux semis tres precoces qui permirent, sur la majorite des essais, un rendement superieur ou egal a celui des semis a date normale. Une typologie des essais reliant la difference de rendement entre les deux itineraires techniques a differents facteurs limitants (implantation de la culture, phoma, nutrition azotee), est utilisee afin de definir le domaine de validite des nouveaux itineraires techniques.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"91 1","pages":"725-736"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86707604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation and distribution of aluminium and other elements in tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves","authors":"H. P. Carr, E. Lombi, H. Küpper, S. McGrath, M. Wong","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003045","url":null,"abstract":"Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) are well known for their ability to accumulate high concentrations of aluminium (Al). Aluminium distribution in tea leaves has been previously estimated on a qualitative basis using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA). However, no comprehensive studies have been carried out to quantitatively determine the distribution of Al, especially in young leaves which are used for the manufacture of commercial tea. Cuttings of C. sinensis var. sinensis grown in acidic soil were collected and young and old leaves were used for analysis. Total Al concentrations in young and old leaves were 380 and 6866 µg·g -1 , respectively. The leaves were freeze-fractured and the quantitative distribution of Al and other elements such as Mg, Ca and K was determined using EDXMA. In the young and old leaves Al was found to be preferentially accumulated in the upper epidermis. In particular, Al was accumulated in the cell walls, which had significantly higher levels than the vacuoles of epidermal cells. The Al concentrations in the vacuole of mesophyll cells was found not to change significantly between young and old leaves. In contrast, a large increase in Al concentration was observed in the epidermal cell walls. Calcium was present in higher levels on the cell walls and also present as crytals in the spongy mesophyll tissue. In contrast, K and Mg were evenly distributed across the leaf. aluminium / Camelia sinensis / tea / accumulation / EDXMA","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"18 1","pages":"705-710"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80584427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pine oil increases spray retention by oats","authors":"F. Cabanne, Thérèse Lamrani Amine","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003053","url":null,"abstract":"Les effets de l'huile de pin a base d'alcools monoterpeniques (Pine-oil), d'un tensioactif nonylphenol, et d'huile de colza methylee (Em-MRO) sur la tension de surface dynamique de l'eau, la retention de pulverisations par l'avoine, l'angle de contact de gouttelettes d'eau, et la penetration foliaire du [ 14 C]2,4-D-dimethylamine dans l'avoine ont ete evalues. Pine-oil et l'huile de pin emulsifiee (Em-pine-oil) produisent les chutes de tension de surface dynamique les plus rapides et les niveaux de retention les plus eleves. Pine-oil et Em-pine-oil montrent un effet limite sur l'angle de contact alors que le surfactant l'augmentait grandement. En consequence le mode d'action des alcools monoterpeniques sur la retention est different de celui du tensioactif. Em-MRO n'augmente pas la retention mais stimule la penetration foliaire. L'huile de pin apporte a 0,5 % (v/v) a peu d'effect sur la penetration foliaire. Un melange emulsifie d'huile de pin et d'huile de colza methylee (Em-pine-oil-MRO) augmente la retention et la penetration foliaire. Au champ, la presence de Pine-oil dans des pulverisations grossieres devrait reduire la pollution atmospherique et la derive des pulverisations appliquees en presence de vent.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"33 1","pages":"747-753"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75073645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of mineral fertilization (NPK) on the quality of apricot fruit (cv. Canino). The effect of the mode of nitrogen supply","authors":"M. Radi, M. Mahrouz, A. Jaouad, M. Amiot","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003052","url":null,"abstract":"La qualite de l'abricot, destine notamment a subir une transformation industrielle, est fortement liee a la teneur en certains composes tels les polyphenols, principaux marqueurs de notre etude, les sucres et les acides organiques. A cet effet l'objectif du present travail consiste a etudier l'incidence de la fertilisation minerale sur l'evolution de ces reponses dites de qualite. Cette etude a ete menee dans le verger experimental de la Societe de Developpement Agricole situe au sud de Marrakech (Maroc). Un plan d'experiences avec quatre facteurs: azote, phosphore et potassium, chacun avec deux niveaux, et deux modes de fractionnement d'azote (avec 1/3 d'N au mois de fevrier et 2/3 au mois d'avril ou 2/3 d'N au mois de fevrier et 1/3 au mois d'avril) a ete mis en place. Le poids moyen du fruit, l'indice refractometrique et l'acidite libre ont ete mesures dans les abricots recoltes a maturite commerciale. De meme, les composes phenoliques, les sucres et acides organiques ont ete analyses et leurs concentrations sont determinees moyennant la chromatographie liquide haute performance (HPLC). Les resultats obtenus montrent que les fruits issus d'arbres fertilises avec 80 kg ha -1 d'azote montrent des accumulations importantes des differentes classes de composes phenoliques, des teneurs en sucres relativement elevees et des concentrations en acides organiques moindres comparativement aux fruits issus d'arbres ayant recus une dose de 150 kg ha -1 . Pour cette derniere dose, le poids moyen du fruit a ete trouve plus important. La faible dose de l'engrais potassique (60 kg ha -1 ) permet de produire des abricots avec de faibles teneurs en polyphenols et en sucres par rapport a la dose elevee (120 kg ha -1 ). S'agissant du phosphore, l'effet de ce fertilisant est moins important sur l'elaboration de la qualite du fruit. A l'oppose, le mode de fractionnement de l'azote joue un role non negligeable sur les differentes reponses de qualite etudiees. Il semblerait que le deuxieme apport agit plus sur l'accumulation des composes phenoliques et le poids moyen du fruit, alors que c'est le premier apport qui tend a stimuler la biosynthese des acides organiques. Parmi toutes les interactions mises en evidence dans ce travail, l'interaction azoto-potassique apparait jouer un role determinant sur les criteres de qualite du fruit. Ce resultat montre en consequence une large interdependance de ces deux fertilisants.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"1 1","pages":"737-745"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89788912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of orchard design issuing from growers' planting choices to study fruit tree cropping systems","authors":"T. Nesme, F. Lescourret, S. Bellon, D. Plénet, R. Habib","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003043","url":null,"abstract":"La comprehension des systemes de culture fruitiers arboricoles, utile pour le changement des pratiques des arboriculteurs, repose sur la prise en compte des determinants a long terme. Ainsi, nous avons cherche a savoir dans quelle mesure les conceptions de vergers issues des choix de plantation influencent les pratiques culturales et les performances agronomiques de la culture. Un jeu de donnees issu de 91 parcelles situees dans le Sud-Est de la France a permis d'identifier 4 groupes selon la date et les choix de plantation (variete, porte-greffe, densite, distances de plantation et forme de l'arbre). La typologie separe bien les vieux vergers peu denses de Golden des vergers recents et moderement denses de Gala, en passant par les vergers intensifs de Granny des annees 1970. Les conceptions de verger influencent les pratiques culturales actuelles : les vieux vergers recoivent significativement plus d'eau et de taille d'hiver que les jeunes vergers. Les performances agronomiques sont aussi influencees par les conceptions de verger : les parcelles les plus recentes ont des rendements totaux frais plus faibles et des fruits moins entaches de defauts que les vieux vergers. Ainsi, la conception de verger, qui emerge de l'observation de la realite des parcelles agricoles peut etre utilisee pour ordonner la diversite des systemes de culture et prise en compte dans le plan d'echantillonnage lors de la comparaison de parcelles destinee au diagnostic agronomique regional.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"28 1","pages":"651-660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74826832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effet du stress salin en milieu hydroponique sur le trèfle inoculé par le Rhizobium","authors":"L. B. Khaled, Asunćion Morte Gõmez, M. Honrubia, A. Oihabi","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003030","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of salt stress in hydroponic media on clover plants inoculated with Rhizobium. The application of salt stress in hydroponic conditions on clover seedlings (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) inoculated with Rhizobium affected the nodulation starting from 2 g NaCl $cdot$ l$^{-1}$, whereas the growth began to be reduced only from 4 g $cdot$ l$^{-1}$. The growth of shoots was reduced by about 20% at 4 g $cdot$ l$^{-1}$ and 44% at 6 g $cdot$ l$^{-1}$. The development of the root system was less sensitive. This depressive effect on the growth was accompanied by biochemical and ultrastructural modifications. The soluble protein content of the leaves fell by about 75% at 6 g $cdot$ l$^{-1}$ of NaCl. Proline and soluble sugars accumulated mainly in leaves, where they probably contributed to the osmotic adjustment phenomena. The transport and/or the utilization of starch was affected, so it accumulated in the chloroplasts. Salt stress also caused disorganization of the thylakoid membranes and an accumulation of lipidic globules inside the chloroplasts.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"34 1","pages":"553-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82600207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}