Agronomie最新文献

{"title":"Discriminant pedological factors of in situ specific moisture and available water content of African soils","authors":"S. Valet, P. Allemand","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004002","url":null,"abstract":"The management of groundwater and crop-available water requires the knowledge of the hydrological behaviour of soils. A study was carried out from North to South Senegal on about 5 degrees of latitude, which cover a large range of pedological factors and various climatic, geologic and geomorphologic conditions. 1387 layer samples of 103 soils were taken from the surface to 2 m depth by 0.1 m-deep increments. The studied pedological properties were clay + silt content, bulk density, exchangeable Na + and pH. The hydraulic properties were the minimum moisture content, the field capacity and the available water content. Principal component analysis shows that the main factors, the texture, the minimum moisture content and field capacity, the available water content and the pH were in a decreasing order of importance. A good agreement between predicted and measured values of the minimum moisture content and the field capacity data, except for the available water content, was found for all mixed layers, for soils grouped according to their layers and for two soils (Arenosol and Ferralsol). However, the available water content can be calculated by statistical calculation by the grouping of textural classes for each layer.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"677 1","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78833303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential agronomic and physiological traits of Spanish groundnut varieties (Arachis hypogaea L.) as selection criteria under end-of-cycle drought conditions","authors":"D. Clavel, B. Sarr, E. Marone, R. Ortiz","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004006","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut grown in the SaheI is often exposed to end-of-season drought. The aim of this study was to identify traits associated with yield variation during end-of-cycle water deficit, which could be used as selection criteria. Five new selected Spanish varieties (80-90 days) were compared with the check cultivar, 55-437. Earliness and general adaptation of the varieties did not impair the expression of significant genetic variation for some traits relative to flowering, productivity and physiology. The partitioning coefficient (p) and yield under water stress conditions of the five varieties were higher than those of cultivar 55-437. The water deficit affected leaf area index, relative water content and transpiration at about 2 weeks after the occurrence of water deficit at the soil level. Since genotypic differences seemed to be greatest at this time, measuring physiological traits during this period may provide useful information for breeding early groundnut varieties under end-of-season water deficit conditions. (Resume d'auteur)","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"1 1","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89157242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of dicarboximidic fungicides and their metabolites’ residues in commercial compost","authors":"A. Vanni, F. Fontana, R. Gamberini, A. Calabria","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003058","url":null,"abstract":"- In this work we analysed samples of different commercial composts to verify the presence of metabolites of dicarboximidic fungicides (Iprodione, Procymidone, Vinclozolin and Chlozolinate) widely used in agriculture as botritycides. The commercial compost extracts, obtained by sonication with acetonitrile, were analysed by HPLC-DAD-MS. The detection limits (DL) of the analytical method were appraised for all considered compounds and for both the detectors. The analysis confirmed the presence of fungicide residues (i.e. Iprodione, 48 mg/kg) in three samples of commercial compost and traces of some corresponding metabolites (i.e. Metabolite I of Procymidone, 20 mg/kg) for most examined matrices. These results underline a possible presence of these fungicides and corresponding metabolites in soil, after the addition of compost.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"42 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83031395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of sulcotrione in a brown soil amended with various organic matters","authors":"R. Cherrier, C. Perrin-Ganier, M. Schiavon","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003057","url":null,"abstract":"Degradation de la sulcotrione dans un sol brun amende avec differents apports organiques. La degradation de la sulcotrione dans le sol a ete evaluee en conditions de laboratoire a l'aide de la molecule uniformement marquee au 14 C sur le noyau benzenique. Le sol utilise presente une texture limono-sableuse et est issu d'une parcelle divisee en trois sous parcelles recevant differents apports organiques depuis dix ans. Les terres issues de ces trois sous parcelles sont nommees respectivement terre R (reference), M (fumier) et CM (fumier composte). Lors du premier mois d'experimentation 80 % des residus restent extractibles, 55 % de la sulcotrione est degradee dont 45 % en CMBA (2-chloro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acide) son metabolite majeur. Seul 10 % des residus sont mineralises. Au bout de deux mois, 40 % des residus sont extractibles au solvant dont 16 % de sulcotrione, 25 % sont mineralises et 35 % forment des residus non-extractibles. Lors d'amendements organiques, la transformation de la sulcotrione dans le sol est favorisee. L'apport de fumier active de 10 % la mineralisation des residus et l'apport de fumier composte induit un ratio de sulcotrione extractible faible de l'ordre de 5 %.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"60 1","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77190850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental analysis, FTIR and 13C-NMR of humic acids from sewage sludge composting","authors":"S. Amir, M. Hafidi, G. Merlina, H. Hamdi, J. Revel","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003054","url":null,"abstract":"Caracterisation des acides humiques extraits au cours du compostage de boues residuaires par analyse elementaire, IRTF et 13 C-RMN. L'action du processus de compostage sur la structure chimique des acides humiques extraits de melange de boues residuaires de stations d'epuration et de paille a ete suivie a differents stades du traitement par analyse elementaire, spectroscopies infrarouge a transformee de Fourrier et resonance magnetique nucleaire du carbon 13. Le materiel initial est compose d'un melange heterogene de structures aromatiques etherifiees sur lesquelles sont liees de longues chaines lipidiques et des structures peptidiques et carbohydrates. Les resultats obtenus montrent une diminution, durant le processus de compostage, des composes aliphatiques, avec une augmentation relative des structures aromatiques principalement celles substituees par des groupements fonctionnels tels que phenols, methoxyles, carboxyles. Ces transformations mettent en evidence l'oxydation preferentielle des composes facilement accessibles, comme, par exemple, les chaines aliphatiques peripheriques des structures lipidiques et peptidiques, ce qui conduit a une production de structures aromatiques riches en groupements fonctionnels. Ces dernieres sont resistantes a la decomposition microbienne et sont donc preservees pour constituer une partie de la structure d'acides humiques neoformes.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"24 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87241555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distortion of the SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter readings by changes in irradiance and leaf water status","authors":"Dana Martinez, J. Guiamet","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003060","url":null,"abstract":"- The SPAD 502 Chlorophyll Meter can estimate leaf chlorophyll content as a surrogate measure of the nitrogen (N) status of plants, and therefore, it can be used to assess the N requirements of crops. In this work, we show that irradiance, leaf water status and time of measurement (i.e., morning vs. afternoon), may interfere with the SPAD 502 measurements. SPAD values increased by 2-3 units as relative leaf water content decreased from 94 to 87.5 57492768n wheat leaves. A change in irradiance (from 1100 to 600-650 mmol m-2 s-1) caused an increase of about 2 SPAD units in potted maize plants. Throughout the day, SPAD values varied by up to 4 units in well-watered plants of maize growing under field conditions. The slope of the response of the SPAD meter to chlorophyll content was steeper in the morning than in the afternoon. Since the range of SPAD values that may separate N deficiency from N surplus in a crop are often relatively narrow, time of measurement, irradiance and plant water status must be taken into account to precisely monitor crop N needs with the SPAD 502.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"7 1","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78727205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of direct-seeded, bareroot, and various tray seedling densities on growth dynamics and yield of long-day onion","authors":"D. Leskovar, M. Cantamutto, Pablo Marinangelli, E. Gaido","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003059","url":null,"abstract":"Comparaison entre le semis direct, la transplantation a racine nue et diverses densites de plants en godets dans la dynamique du developpement et la production d'oignon de jour long. Developpement d'oignon transplante a densite augmentee. Le developpement de la racine, du bulbe et du tige d'oignon transplante obtenu a partir de plants en godets de 228 compartiments a ete etudie. Les traitements ont ete un (TC1), deux (TC2), ou trois (TC3) plants/compartiment, et une plante separee dans la transplantation de celles developpees avec deux (TC2-1) ou trois (TC3-1) plants/compartiment. Les controles ont ete: semis direct (DC) et transplantation a racine nue (BR). Les plantes transplantees ont ete disposees en rangee avec les distances suivantes: 5 cm (BR, TC1, TC2-1, TC3-1), 10 cm (TC2), et 15 cm (TC3). Pendant le premier et le mi-developpement le nombre de racines et le poids sec de racines a ete superieur pour TC 1 compare avec BR. La masse de feuilles des plantes transplantees s'est dessechee dans les 64 et les 80 jours apres la transplantation (DAT). Initialement, DS a eu un taux de formation de bulbe rapide, tandis que les plantes transplantees ont montre un taux plus rapide 60 DAT. Avant la maturite finale, TC1 a eu une taille des bulbes plus grande que DS et TC3. Les productions totales ont ete semblables, mais la production en classes de taille a differe de maniere significative entre les traitements. DS et TC3 ont eu une augmentation dans la taille des bulbes petits (35-50 mm de diametre). Tous les plants en godet, excepte TC3, ont eu une augmentation significative dans la taille des bulbes grands (60-70 mm). TC1 a eu 36 % de la production totale commercialisable avec la taille jumbo (> 70 mm) par rapport a 16 % pour le semis direct et a 24 % pour la transplantation a racine nue.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"69 1","pages":"35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83299303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fire on soil C, N and microbial biomass","authors":"A. M. Palese, G. Giovannini, S. Lucchesi, S. Dumontet, P. Perucci","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003061","url":null,"abstract":"Effet des feux sur le C, N et sur la biomasse microbienne du sol. Le feu est un facteur ecologique notable dans les environnements arbustifs et boises. Dans cet article nous avons etudie les effets d'un feu experimental. En particulier, nous avons etudie le carbone et l'azote soluble, le carbone et l'azote de la biomasse microbienne, le rapport champignons/bacteries et les activites enzymatiques 12 et 18 mois apres le feu dans un sol classe Lithic Xerocrept. Le carbone soluble a ete modifie a la fois par le feu et par la periode de prelevement. L'azote soluble n'a pas ete influence de maniere significative. Bien que les activites enzymatiques aient ete diminuees par le feu, un pic d'activite a ete note pour le sol brule a 309 °C correspondant au plus haut niveau de carbone soluble. Une reduction du carbone et de l'azote de la biomasse microbienne a ete observee.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"23 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85913049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of flag leaf and ear photosynthesis with biomass and grain yield of durum wheat under various water conditions and genotypes","authors":"H. Abbad, S. Jaafari, J. Bort, J. Araus","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003056","url":null,"abstract":"Comparaison des relations entre photosynthese de la feuille etendard et de l'epi avec la biomasse et le rendement en grain chez le ble dur sous differents regimes hydriques. Traditionnellement, lorsque l'activite de la photosynthese de cereales est etudiee, l'importance est attribuee aux feuilles, negligeant ainsi le role d'autres organes comme l'epi. Ici, une etude comparative de l'effet du statut hydrique sur l'activite photosynthetique au niveau de la feuille etendard et de l'epi ainsi que leurs relations avec la biomasse totale aerienne et le rendement en grain a maturite a ete menee chez le ble dur. Quatre varietes locales et 2 cultivars adaptes aux zones semi-arides du sud du Maroc ont ete mis en croissance dans des pots en conditions de serre. Cinq differents regimes hydriques ont ete instaures du debut de l'elongation des tiges jusqu'a maturite. La biomasse et le rendement en grain sont alors enregistres. Des mesures de la photosynthese nette (A), de la conductance stomatique (g s ) et de la transpiration (T) ont ete effectuees au niveau de l'epi et de la feuille a l'anthese. Pour les deux organes, on note une diminution de tous ces parametres en condition de stress hydrique, alors que les rapports A/T et A/g s augmentent. L'effet du genotype a ete significatif pour tous les caracteres etudies. En conditions irriguees, la photosynthese de l'epi est beaucoup plus elevee que celle de la feuille. Au fur et a mesure que le stress hydrique se developpe, la photosynthese de l'epi diminue moins que celle de la feuille etendard. Independamment du niveau du stress applique, on note une meilleure correlation de la photosynthese de l'epi avec la biomasse et le rendement par rapport a celle notee avec la feuille etendard. Neanmoins, a mesure que le stress hydrique s'accentue, cette correlation avec la feuille etendard s'ameliore, suggerant un changement progressif de la limitation du rendement des organes « puit » aux organes « source ». Au niveau de l'epi, les rapports A/T et A/g s montrent aussi une meilleure correlation que celles de la feuille etendard a la fois avec la biomasse et le rendement; pour la plupart des regimes hydriques, la correlation est negative. Ces resultats suggerent l'importance du role photosynthetique de l'epi dans l'elaboration du rendement par rapport a celui de la feuille etendard, non seulement en conditions de secheresse mais aussi son absence de stress.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"16 1","pages":"19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72839296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root-reducing capacity, rhizosphere acidification, peroxidase and catalase activities and nutrient levels of Citrus taiwanica and C. Volkameriana seedlings, under Fe deprivation conditions","authors":"V. Chouliaras, K. Dimassi, I. Therios, Athanasios Molassiotis, G. Diamantidis","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2003055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2003055","url":null,"abstract":"Impact de la privation de Fe sur la capacite racinaire de reduction, l'acidification rhizospherique, l'activite de peroxidase et catalase ainsi que sur le niveau nutritif chez le Citrus taiwanica et le C. volkameriana. Le deficit en fer provoque par la privation, l'apport a faible dose ou l'addition de CaCO 3 /NaHCO 3 provoque des modifications physiologiques et biochimiques chez les souches du C. taiwanica et du C. volkameriana. Par exemple, le deficit en fer induit une augmentation de la capacite racinaire de reduction du Fe, ainsi qu'une acidification de la rhizosphere. Des plants de semis presentent une diminution de la capacite de reduction du fer lorsqu'ils sont traites avec une quantite suffisante de Fe (20 μM MM Fe-EDDHA). Le deficit en fer est associe a l'activite de la catalase et de la peroxidase. Il est egalement observe que la privation de Fe augmente la concentration de N, P, Ca, Mg, Mn et diminue celle de Fe et de Zn chez les feuilles jeunes des deux souches, C. volkameriana est plus sensible a la chlorose en fer que C. taiwanica.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"348 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75944498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}