Quaderni di criminologia clinica最新文献

{"title":"[Criminality in a birth cohort].","authors":"M E Wolfgang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beginning with a group of approximately 10,000 boys born in 1945 who lived in Philadelphia from at least ages ten through seventeen, the Center for Studies in Criminology and Criminal Law, University of Pennsylvania has engaged in a longitudinal analysis of the delinquency of the birth cohort. The first publication which examines the dynamic flow of delinquency committed by 3500 of the boys was published by the University of Chicago Press in 1972 and is entitled Delinquency in a Birth Cohort. This study is the first in the United States to establish a base line of delinquency probabilities and to analyze the types of delinquency committed over time, with the recording of the seriousness of each of the 10,000 acts committed by the 3500 boys. The seriousness scores were derived from the earlier work by Sellin and Wolfgang, entitle The Measurement of Delinquency. A stochastic model was used to analyze the delinquent patterns and one of the major conclusions, at least up to age eighteen, was that there was no specific delinquency specialization by type of offense. Moreover, after the third offense, the probabilities of desistence, or refraining from further delinquent acts, remained stable, thus indicating that the most propitious point for social intervention would be after the third offense rather than at some time prior to the onset of delinquency or even after the first or second offense-offenses which are usually of a very minor character. The Center for Studies in Criminology and Criminal Law has continued to follow up a ten per cent sample of the original birth cohort by interviewing them to obtain additional social psychological dynamic features of their background, of the situations involving their first and last delinquencies, and of their adult careers. The follow-up indicates thus far that approximately 12 per cent new cases of criminality appeared, thus adding to the original 35 per cent of the birth cohort who had a delinquency record. The study will pursue data analysis of the elaborate interview schedule and a continued examination of recidivism, particularly chronic, among the chronic offenders who have committed five or more offenses.</p>","PeriodicalId":76394,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di criminologia clinica","volume":"17 3","pages":"341-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12398095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prison of Castelfranco Emilia (Modena). Criminology service for the observation and treatment of prisoners. Case B/2].","authors":"F De Fazio,&nbsp;F Visintin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76394,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di criminologia clinica","volume":"17 3","pages":"421-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12398100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Abolition of capital punishment in public in England].","authors":"J C Jester","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Author, following a critical approach focussed on society's response to deviance and on the means of social control which society applies to defend itself from crime and criminals, confutes the thesis according to which the demise of public execution is generally considered as a step in the evolution of the humanitarian ideal of total abolition of the death penalty. By means of a detailed historical analysis of the socioeconomic and political climate which gave rise to the campagning for the demise of public execution in England, the Author gives evidence that such abolition cannot be seen as a linear descendant of a long line of criminal law reforms but rather as a successful manoeuvre to ensure the continuance of the use of the dealth penalty in order to reaffirm the power of the elite which represented itself as the moral guardian of society.</p>","PeriodicalId":76394,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di criminologia clinica","volume":"17 3","pages":"367-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11967718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Center for Drug Addiction Prevention at the S. Vittore Judiciary Prison in Milan].","authors":"G L Ponti,&nbsp;E Calvanese","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76394,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di criminologia clinica","volume":"17 3","pages":"449-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12398099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Psychoanalytic studies and examination of imputability].","authors":"A De Luca","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Author points out that the recent contributions to the study of the crime require an improvement of the traditional principles followed for the investigation and qualification of the crime, as regards both its psychological dynamics and any juridical implications. The Author also shows that psychoanalysis is able to determine a decisive evolution in the eitology as well in the therapy of criminality. After a few preliminary considerations on the ambiguity of the idea of insanity, in accordance with the ordinary nosographic principles formulated in psychiatry, the Author emphasizes the uncertainties and discrepancies that, in the legislative systems from different countries, result from a limited view of the psychological phenomena. Then, he examines the utility of considering again the whole intra-psychic process which is involved in the crime dynamics through a psychoanalytical methodology. Particularly, he highlights the clarification which psycho-analysis may bring to the understanding of certain forms of aggressiveness which cannot be properly diagnosed according to the conventional medical and juridical methods. The Author finally considers the opening of the psycho-analytical application in the delicate examination of imputability. In this regard, he suggests to avoid any strict qualification, even in the evaluation of the most abnormal processes of psyche and he recommends--in conformity with a few juridical trends appeared in some countries--not to limit the investigation on the ability of understanding and will to the moment when a crime is committed, but to extend it to a single evaluation of the whole personality of the criminal.</p>","PeriodicalId":76394,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di criminologia clinica","volume":"17 3","pages":"403-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12398096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Center for prevention of drug dependence at the S. Vittore Prison in Milan].","authors":"E Calvanese","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76394,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di criminologia clinica","volume":"17 2","pages":"311-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12407513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prison Saliceta San Giuliano (Modena). Criminological service for study and treatment of persons under security measures].","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76394,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di criminologia clinica","volume":"17 2","pages":"281-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12407593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Intervention in case P/1 published in issue No. 3, July-September 1973].","authors":"G Caravaglia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76394,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di criminologia clinica","volume":"17 2","pages":"307-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12407595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current developments in genetics and their implications concerning the problems of social deviations].","authors":"S A Shah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A review of historical developments in the field of human genetics reveals much conflict between those espousing and hereditarian position and those maintaining an environmentalist point of view. A confusion of political, propaganda, and ideological objectives with those of science has had deleterious effects on the field of human genetics, and upon the willingness of some disciplines to accept genetic contributions to the understanding of human behavior. Modern thinking in behavioral genetics rejects the Nature-Nurture dichotomy as incorrect and meaningless. The phenotype cannot be inherited; it develops as a function of interactions between the genotype and the environment. It is convenient to think of hereditary contributions to behavioral traits as fixing a reaction range; the genotype may be viewed as determining an indefinite but nevertheless circumscribed assortment of phenotypes. There have been numerous studies seeking to ascertain the genetic factors in a variety of mental disorders. The mental disorder most thoroughly studied from a genetic standpoint is schizophrenia. Three recent studies of adoptees, two in Denmark and one in America, have indicated the importance of hereditary factors in schizophrenia. Biological relatives of adoptees diagnosed as schizophrenic were more likely themselves to have suffered schizophrenic-spectrum disorders than were biological relatives of non-schizophrenic adoptees. Adoptees whose biological parents were schizophrenic or manic depressive were more likely to themselves be diagnosed schizophrenic than were adoptees whose biological parents had no psychiatric history. Children born to hospitalized schizophrenic women and who were placed for adoption shortly after birth were more likely to be schizophrenic than were matched control adoptees born to non-schizophrenic mothers. In studies conducted in Denmark, Schulsinger has also employed the adoptee method in studies of psychopathy. Diagnostic criteria were developed to reliably identify 57 cases of psychopathy from among 507 adoptees with known mental disorders. A non-psychopathic group of matched control adoptees was also formed. Mental illness among the relatives of these adoptee cases (biological and adoptive relatives) was ascertained through a careful search of psychiatric records. Psychopathic spectrum disorders were found to be more than twice as prevalent among biological relatives of the psychopathic index cases than was the case for biological relatives of the control cases. The percentage of affected cases among adoptive relatives was nearly equal for both study groups. Thus, this study provides a demonstration of the possible importance of genetic factors in the etiology of psychopathy. Other attempts to assess hereditary and constitutional aspects of criminal behavior have been made. These include twin studies and also Eysenck's study of the heritability of behavioral traits including extraversion, introversion, and emotionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":76394,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di criminologia clinica","volume":"17 2","pages":"173-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12407591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of the aggressiveness in a group of adolescents from Puerto Rico].","authors":"G Carlo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study is aimed at analyzing from a phenomenological and descriptive viewpoint, the psychodiagnostic and behaviour validity of the legal categories: \"delinquents/non-delinquents\" and \"violent delinquents/non-violent delinquents\", as compared to certain features of their personality which determine a violent behaviour in adolescents. To this end, the Rorschach records and the sketches of three groups of Puerto Rican adolescents, have been analyzed and compared. The results of the projective test, statistically compared, showed some significant differences between delinquent individuals and non-delinquent individuals, while the differences between violent delinquents and non-violent delinquents are not meaningful. These results prove that the psychodiagnostic modality \"violence\" is a standard feature of the delinquent group and it can be neither considered no included in the legal category of \"violent crimes\". However, different interpretations are possible and several ways for additional thorough studies and investigations can be envisaged.</p>","PeriodicalId":76394,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di criminologia clinica","volume":"17 2","pages":"265-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12407592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}