Psychiatria clinica最新文献

{"title":"[Social causes and social therapy].","authors":"H Strotzka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sociogenesis is divided into primary sociogenesis (direct connection between social conditions and mental disorders), secondary sociogenesis (indirect connection), and tertiary sociogenesis (social consequences of a disorder according to the degree of acceptance). It has to be interpreted in a system network with organo- and psychogenesis. Social therapy is, according to that, an integration of social work, psychotherapy and pedagogics. Its main instrument is the therapeutic community.</p>","PeriodicalId":76382,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria clinica","volume":"13 3-4","pages":"234-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18257791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Therapeutic stereotypes among the mentally ill].","authors":"W Bender,&nbsp;K Siepmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using mathematical models described by Overall, the authors investigated in a sample of 301 psychiatric inpatients the therapeutic stereotypes in medicating psychotropic drugs and its dependence on symptom, syndrome and diagnostic level. The psychotropic drugs were described in a dimensional representation of psychopathology ('symptomatic space'). Besides dependencey from patient's characteristics as age and clinician's characteristics as special orientation, the therapeutic stereotype is mostly influenced by the symptom level. Only lithium therapy and electroconvulsive therapy are keyed to diagnosis. Getting more familiar with a psychotropic drug increases indications and contraindications on symptom level, the therapeutic stereotype gets more differentiated. The comparison between the therapeutic stereotypes of German and French psychiatrists shows a satisfactory congruence relating to dimensionality and relationships among the drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":76382,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria clinica","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17172307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Psychopathologic changes during 20 days of antidepressive or neuroleptic therapy].","authors":"B Woggon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A retrospective study of 266 patients treated with neuroleptics and 130 patients treated with antidepressants divided the patients according to a global assessment after termination of therapy into responders and non-responders. The two groups were compared in respect to their psychopathological symptoms as assessed by the AMP system on days 0, 5, 10 and 20. Keeping the initial findings, comparable responders and nonresponders showed statistically significant differences in the target syndrome from the 5th day onwards. The same applied to the findings on the 20th day (end result of treatment). The improvements found at the several points of testing, expressed as a percentage of the overall improvement after 20 days, show that the major part of the total improvement has taken place already after the first 10 days. The statistically significant changes were examined as to their practical relevance by giving their declared variance as a proportion of the total variance.</p>","PeriodicalId":76382,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria clinica","volume":"13 3-4","pages":"150-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17180576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic identification of a subgroup of depressed patients.","authors":"C Perris,&nbsp;E Strandman","doi":"10.1159/000283858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000283858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HLA antigens, blood groups and red cell enzyme polymorphisms were studied in patients with different types of affective disorders and in patients suffering from cycloid psychoses. Several statistically significant results were found. In particular, a subgroup of depressed patients characterized by a very extreme distribution of haptoglobin groups was identified. The implications of this last finding for the definition of a particular subgroup of depressed patients is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76382,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria clinica","volume":"13 1","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000283858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18405956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of salivation in affective disorders.","authors":"M Amin,&nbsp;P Khan,&nbsp;H E Lehmann","doi":"10.1159/000283867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000283867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In two 4-week studies comparing the salivation of neurotic and endogenous patients, they were found to have reduced salivation in comparison to control group, but no statistically significant differences were noted between the neurotic and endogenous patients or when the two groups were compared with normal subjects. There was a statistically significant correlation between parotid salivation and sleep disturbance factor scores of the HAM-D in neurotic patients indicating greater sleep disturbance to be associated with higher salivation rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":76382,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria clinica","volume":"13 2","pages":"119-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000283867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18452007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Psychopathological dynamics of suicidal behavior in childhood and puberty].","authors":"E Lange,&nbsp;F Ficker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oversimplifying and scientifically untenable separation of suicide (successful) and attempted suicide (unsuccessful) was overcome by Stengel's fundamental findings that only very few attempted suicides are failed suicides, and that the majority of attempted suicides are acts a qualitatively distinct character. Psycho(patho)dynamic analyses of suicidal acts disclosed that in a portion of the suicide attempts there is no or at least no determined suicidal intent. The definition of 'suicidal attempt' which has come into general use is therefore imprecise, because in many cases suicide is not \"attempted\" but the technique of suicidal behaviour is only used for a primary non-suicidal purpose. A differential typology of the entire content of the concept of 'suicide attempt' which includes vague non-homogeneous matters has become unavoidable and is being discussed here. In the suicidal behaviour of children the problems become even clearer. The 'suicide attempt' in children does not meet Stengel's criteria. The great majority of cases are not 'attempted' suicides, do not show a final determination, do not come about in a calculated manner, and are not based on an ambivalence about life and death, but are rather a potentially fatal substitution by suicidal behaviour for a demonstrative appeal for help, for a resigned escape signal or for an impulsive cry. Neither can one recognize the development of the pre-suicidal syndrome described by Ringel.</p>","PeriodicalId":76382,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria clinica","volume":"13 2","pages":"96-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18454975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Patterns: release and restriction. Phenomenologic analysis of the tendency to maintain drives and affects in mental patients and healthy subjects].","authors":"H J Bochnik,&nbsp;W Richtberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The following article concerns the 'maintenance' of drive and affects in normal and psychopathological cases. It will be demonstrated how the 'maintenance' of single mental though contents modifies the flux of consciousness and thus has a bearing on several cognitive functions. Another aspect of our study is pointed towards the use of patterns of behavior, which, on the one hand, can facilitate personal decisions and thus cause a widening of the individual's personal scope of freedom or, on the other hand, especially if strongly emotion-bound, can reduce the mental manoeuverability up to the point where the individual has lost his autonomy to these patterns as described above.</p>","PeriodicalId":76382,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria clinica","volume":"13 1","pages":"25-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18405957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Modification of long-term schizophrenia by somato-therapeutic measures].","authors":"G Gross,&nbsp;G Huber,&nbsp;R Schüttler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controlled studies have revealed that neuroleptic treatment alone has a significant effect in schizophrenic patients and that with parenteral treatment with depot neuroleptics the relapse rate after 1 and 2 years is significantly lower than with oral neuroleptic medications. About 20% of schizophrenic patients do not have relapses even without treatment. The effectiveness of neuroleptic long-term medication with regard to the prevention of relapses was proved by discontinuation trials for a period of up to 3 years. Up to now, however, there is no proof that drug therapy influences the long-term prognosis beyond the 3 years. The results of the Bonn schizophrenia study show the extraordinary variability of the courses and outcomes. Although some anamnestic and clinical prognostically favourable or unfavourable factors could be found, a reliable individual prognosis at the onset of the disease is not possible. Initially phasic courses with complete remission of the early psychotic features can later nevertheless lead to residual syndromes; on the other hand, chronic persistent psychoses can show a permanent remission leaving only slightly, non-specific residual states even as late at the 2nd to the 4th decade of the disease independent of the therapy. Some findings of the Bonn study, indicating a favourable influence of psychical treatments on the long-term course are described. They include the so-called catastrophic schizophrenia which at a rate of 4% occurs less frequently than in the past, the significantly poorer long-term prognosis of those patients who had not been treated in the beginning of the disease (taking into account subgroups with peracute, acute and subacute onsets on the initial psychotic manifestations), the significantly less favourable long-term prognosis of patients whose disease began prior to the era of psychopharmacological drugs, and the significantly more frequent occurrence of complete remissions of patients of the subgroups with peracute and acute onsets of the psychosis who had started treatment within 1 year after the onset of the disease (including the prodromal stage). Early diagnosis and treatment of the prodromal symptoms can probably improve the chance of a complete remission. The finding of a higher rate of patients with mixed residual states at the expense of the typical schizophrenic defect psychoses within the partial subgroup of the specific residual state with long-term neurolepsy could suggest that long-term medications is responsible for the 'partially pharmacogenic change in symptomatology' of schizophrenia in as far as it causes or favours a shift from the typical syndromes to the mixed residual states mainly bought about by a potential reduction in symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":76382,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria clinica","volume":"13 3-4","pages":"179-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17180577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Statistical data analysis of physiologic parameters in patients with endomorphic-depressive phases. An attempt to explore the changeable effects between physiologic parameters, examination times during the phase and various experimental conditions].","authors":"O Presslich,&nbsp;E Gabriel,&nbsp;E Opgenoorth,&nbsp;P Schuster,&nbsp;R Wytek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Range-corrected (according to Lykken) physiological data from the parameters of heart rate (HF), respiratory rate (AF), skin potential (skin potential level; SPL; skin potential response, SPR) and skin resistance level, SRL; skin resistance response, SRR) were obtained under an acoustic activation paradigm in the course of a longitudinal investigation on 7 women with endomorph depression treated with thymoleptic medication. These data form the matrix for two- and threefold analyses of variance as well as for concordance analyses according to Kendall. During six measurements (three each taken in the morning and evening) one finds differing levels of activation: relatively low ones at the beginning and at the end, high ones during the 'labilization phase' of the treatment. The varying 'reactivity' to the diverse examination sequences of an acoustic activation program is little affected by the degree of these changes; patient-specific 'characteristics' of the course of the activation are just as recognizable throughout the course of the investigation as are 'stimulus-specific' reactions. Each of the parameters is appropriate for the estimation of different physiological variables; SPR seems rather to be a situation-specific variable, HF and AF are probably suitable for establishing the level of activation, while changes in SPL seem to represent patient-specific characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":76382,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria clinica","volume":"13 2","pages":"65-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18454972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choice of symptoms in a multi-aspects classification model applied to depressed patients.","authors":"M Eisemann,&nbsp;L Jacobsson,&nbsp;L von Knorring,&nbsp;C Perris,&nbsp;H Perris","doi":"10.1159/000283863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000283863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A multi-aspects classification model (MACM) has been developed and presented in detail elsewhere. However, it is not clear which symptoms are best used to characterize the patient. The present investigation tried to answer four questions. Are the most severe symptoms most frequently used to characterize the patient? Are there severe symptoms which are not used? Are mild symptoms frequently used to characterize the patient? Are syndromatic stereotypes frequently used to characterize the patient? 50 consecutive admissions (15 males) with depression were rated on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and these ratings were compared with the symptoms used by the senior ward psychiatrists to characterize the patient. No indication was found that doctors use only the most severe symptoms; nor did they seem to use only diagnostic stereotypes based on theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":76382,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria clinica","volume":"13 2","pages":"84-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000283863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18454973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}