Parassitologia最新文献_第2页

The Sergent brothers and the antimalarial campaigns in Algeria (1902-1948). 萨吉特兄弟和阿尔及利亚的抗疟疾运动(1902-1948)。

Parassitologia Pub Date : 2008-12-01

J-P Dedet

{"title":"The Sergent brothers and the antimalarial campaigns in Algeria (1902-1948).","authors":"J-P Dedet","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Edmond and Etienne Sergent, \"the Sergent brothers\", were both born in Algeria. They both studied medicine at the Algiers Medical School and then followed the Course of Microbiology of Emile Roux at the Institut Pasteur in Paris (1899-1900). From 1900, they were put in charge of a permanent mission aimed at antimalarial control in Algeria, which was supervised by the Institut Pasteur. The first campaign was carried out during the summer of 1902 at a station of the East Algerian Railway Company. The success of this mission lead to the creation of the Antimalaric Department of Algeria in 1904, which was directed by Etienne Sergent for the duration his life. This antimalarial programme was progressively extended to many other locations. The programme was optimized between 1927 and 1947, in the experimental field study of the Ouled Mendil Marsh, where global environmental measures and drainage lead to settlement of farms, the families of which did not suffered from malaria. At a time when neither insecticides nor synthetic antimalarial drug existed, antimalarial control measures that were developed tended to target human reservoirs and the mosquito vectors. The extension of the programme across the Algerian territory lead to a decrease of both malaria endemicity and extension of affected areas.","PeriodicalId":76304,"journal":{"name":"Parassitologia","volume":"50 3-4","pages":"221-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28630797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The discovery of the vector of Robles disease. 罗伯斯病病媒的发现。

Parassitologia Pub Date : 2008-12-01

F Delaporte

引用次数: 0

Medical and agricultural entomology in Brazil: a historical approach. 巴西的医学和农业昆虫学:一种历史方法。

Parassitologia Pub Date : 2008-12-01

J L Benchimol

引用次数: 0

Scientific collections, tropical medicine and the development of entomology in Brazil: the contribution of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 巴西的科学收藏、热带医学和昆虫学的发展:奥斯瓦尔多·克鲁兹研究所的贡献。

Parassitologia Pub Date : 2008-12-01

M Romero Sá

引用次数: 0

Sowing the seeds of economic entomology: houseflies and the emergence of medical entomology in Britain. 播下经济昆虫学的种子:家蝇和英国医学昆虫学的出现。

Parassitologia Pub Date : 2008-12-01

J F M Clark

{"title":"Sowing the seeds of economic entomology: houseflies and the emergence of medical entomology in Britain.","authors":"J F M Clark","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The golden age of medical entomology, 1870-1920, is often celebrated for the elucidation of the aetiology of vector-borne diseases within the rubric of the emergent discipline of tropical medicine. Within these triumphal accounts, the origins of vector control science and technology remain curiously underexplored; yet vector control and eradication constituted the basis of the entomologists' expertise within the emergent specialism of medical entomology. New imperial historians have been sensitive to the ideological implications of vector control policies in the colonies and protectorates, but the reciprocal transfer of vector-control knowledge, practices and policies between periphery and core have received little attention. This paper argues that medical entomology arose in Britain as an amalgam of tropical medicine and agricultural entomology under the umbrella of \"economic entomology\". An examination of early twentieth-century anti-housefly campaigns sheds light on the relative importance of medical entomology as an imperial science for the careers, practices, and policies of economic entomologists working in Britain. Moreover, their sensitivity to vector ecology provides insight into late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century urban environments and environmental conditions of front-line war.","PeriodicalId":76304,"journal":{"name":"Parassitologia","volume":"50 3-4","pages":"321-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28630234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theories of genetics and evolution and the development of medical entomology in France (1900-1939). 法国遗传学和进化理论以及医学昆虫学的发展(1900-1939)。

Parassitologia Pub Date : 2008-12-01

G Gachelin, A Opinel

引用次数: 0

Veterinary entomology, colonial science and the challenge of tick-borne diseases in South Africa during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. 兽医昆虫学，殖民地科学和蜱传疾病的挑战在南非在19世纪末和20世纪初。

Parassitologia Pub Date : 2008-12-01

K Brown

{"title":"Veterinary entomology, colonial science and the challenge of tick-borne diseases in South Africa during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.","authors":"K Brown","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an historical overview of developments in veterinary entomology during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. During that period state employed entomologists and veterinary scientists discovered that ticks were responsible for transmitting a number of livestock diseases in South Africa. Diseases such as heartwater, redwater and gallsickness were endemic to the country. They had a detrimental effect on pastoral output, which was a mainstay of the national economy. Then in 1902 the decimating cattle disease East Coast fever arrived making the search for cures or preventatives all the more urgent. Vaccine technologies against tick-borne diseases remained elusive overall and on the basis of scientific knowledge, the South African state recommended regularly dipping animals in chemical solutions to destroy the ticks. Dipping along with quarantines and culls resulted in the eradication of East Coast fever from South Africa in the early 1950s. However, from the 1930s some ticks evolved a resistance to the chemical dips meaning that diseases like redwater were unlikely to be eliminated by that means. Scientists toiled to improve upon existing dipping technologies and also carried out ecological surveys to enhance their ability to predict outbreaks. Over the longer term dipping was not a panacea and ticks continue to present a major challenge to pastoral farming.","PeriodicalId":76304,"journal":{"name":"Parassitologia","volume":"50 3-4","pages":"305-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28630233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Culicoides and the Tartar Steppe: Il Deserto dei Tartari Culicoides and the spread of blue tongue virus. 库蠓与鞑靼草原:库蠓与蓝舌病毒的传播。

Parassitologia Pub Date : 2008-12-01

R Houin

引用次数: 0

Reconstructing an epistemological itinerary: environmental theories of variation in Roubaud's experiments on Glossina flies and Anopheles, 1900-1938. 重建认识论路线:1900-1938年鲁博在绿蝇和按蚊实验中的环境变异理论。

Parassitologia Pub Date : 2008-12-01

A Opinel

{"title":"Reconstructing an epistemological itinerary: environmental theories of variation in Roubaud's experiments on Glossina flies and Anopheles, 1900-1938.","authors":"A Opinel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the theories and debates concerning the influence of environment on vectors and species variation. In particular, it focuses on theories about how climate and domesticated animals affected vectors that transmitted sleeping sickness and malaria. Emile Roubaud (1882-1962), a Pasteurian entomologist, worked on the adaptation and variation of Glossina fly races in order to elaborate environmental interventions for sleeping sickness campaigns in Africa. He then developed the theory concerning Glossina flies' biting preferences for livestock, and the implications of such preferences for human protection against sleeping sickness transmission. Subsequently, he extended this theory about insect biting preferences to malaria in Europe. He thus used one disease model, the sleeping sickness complex, and extended it to another, the malaria complex. He subsequently became interested into zoophilic races of Anopheles maculipennis and advocated the hypothesis that the zoophilic Anophelines' maxillary index was a decisive feature in malaria transmission, for it could help preventing humans from the bite of the Anopheles vector. The paper also analyzes how these theories were received and debated at the time of their publication in scientific journals and proceedings.","PeriodicalId":76304,"journal":{"name":"Parassitologia","volume":"50 3-4","pages":"255-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28630801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entomology in translation: interpreting French medical entomological knowledge in colonial Mali. 翻译中的昆虫学:在马里殖民地解读法国医学昆虫学知识。

Parassitologia Pub Date : 2008-12-01

T Giles-Vernick

{"title":"Entomology in translation: interpreting French medical entomological knowledge in colonial Mali.","authors":"T Giles-Vernick","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines how knowledge and practices around entomology and parasitology travelled and the consequences of their mobility. In exploring three anti-malaria campaigns in French Soudan before 1960, it argues that the history of medical entomology's travels entailed multiple temporal, spatial, social translations that African medical personnel, intellectuals, healers, and farmers in French Soudan reinterpreted, appropriated, and sometimes wholly rejected. This essay also focuses on \"erroneous\" translations, detailing how and why middle class medical personnel and intellectuals interpreted and reformulated farmers' and healers' diagnostic categories that may or may not be malaria. Anti-mosquito and antilarval interventions, and more generally anti-malaria interventions, influenced how African colonial subjects and health workers understood certain vectors and of certain maladies. These understandings, in turn, shaped the consequences of subsequent public health measures. Histories of translated parasitological and entomological knowledge and etiologies of illness have critical implications for contemporary malaria control efforts: interventions to reduce malaria transmission through various kinds of entomological controls that require active participation of local populations cannot be effective if all participants cannot agree upon what is being controlled or prevented.","PeriodicalId":76304,"journal":{"name":"Parassitologia","volume":"50 3-4","pages":"281-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28630803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0