American Journal of Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"MRI Monomodal Feature-Based Registration Based on the Efficiency of Multiresolution Representation and Mutual Information","authors":"Nemir Al-Azzawi, W. A. K. W. Abdullah","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20120203.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20120203.02","url":null,"abstract":"Image registration methods based on mutual information criteria have been widely used in monomodal medi- cal image registration and have shown promising results. Feature-based registration is an efficient technique for clinical use, because it can significantly reduce computational costs. In general, the majority of registration methods consist of the fol- lowing four steps: feature extraction, feature matching, transformation of the models and, finally, resampling the image. It was noted that the accuracy of the registration process depends on matching a feature and control points (CP) detection. Therefore in this paper has been to rely on this feature for magnetic resonance image (MRI) monomodal registration. We have proposed to extract the salient edges and extracted a CP of medical images by using efficiency of multiresolution rep- resentation of data nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT). The MR images were first decomposed using the NSCT, and then Edge and CP were extracted from bandpass directional subband of NSCT coefficients and some proposed rules. After edge and CP extraction, mutual information (MI) was adopted for the registration of feature points and translation parameters are calculated by using particle swarm optimization (PSO). We implement experiments to evaluate the per- formance of the NTSC and MI similarity measures for 2-D monomodal registration. The experimental results showed that the proposed method produces totally accurate performance for MRI monomodal registration.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"98-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82298190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bayesian Recursive Algorithm for Freespace Estimation Using a Stereoscopic Camera System in an Autonomous Wheelchair","authors":"Thanh-Hai Nguyen, Hung T. Nguyen","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20110101.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20110101.08","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a Bayesian Recursive (BR) algorithm for detecting freespace for people with severe disability operating an autonomous wheelchair with a stereoscopic camera system. Based on the left and right images captured from the camera system, the Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) algorithm is used to produce a stereo disparity map. In short, a three-dimensional (3D) point map is converted to a two-dimensional (2D) distance map. This is generated from the disparity map using a geometric projection. Being based on uncertain information captured from the camera system, the BR algorithm for freespace estimation is developed as a recursive expression for the posterior probability function. The average probability values are calculated for the height and width of the freespace, and these assist to plan a power wheelchair pathway. Based on the average probability of the estimated height and width of the freespace, a Bayesian decision for the power wheelchair to autonomously navigate through the freespace is made. Moreover, Obstacle avoidance problem based on 2D map is considered in this paper. As further support for the method, experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"44-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90291744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Potential of EIIP Mapping Method in Exon Prediction Using the Frequency Domain Techniques","authors":"M. Mabrouk","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20120202.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20120202.04","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a number of numerical DNA sequence representations have evolved in order to transform the DNA sequence analysis problems from the traditional string processing domain to the discrete signal processing domain. On the other hand, the coding regions (exons) detection problem has received a special attention due to the 3-base periodicity property of exons which can be easily detected using simple discrete signal processing techniques. The 3-base periodicity in the nucleotide arrangement is evidenced as a sharp peak at frequency f =1/3 in the frequency domain power spectrum. In this paper, we exploit the 3-base periodicity property of a set of the Electron-Ion Interaction Pseudopotential (EIIP) coded DNA sequences by employing a frequency domain power spectrum estimation techniques as Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT),Auto Regressive (AR), Singular Vector Decomposition (SVD) and Digital filtering methods. Also, we give a brief comparison of these methods In order to enhance the coding prediction performance as well as the computa- tional complexity. Results provided that both STFT and digital filtering techniques for EIIP coded sequences performs with highest accuracy compared with AR and SVD methods.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84232035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifrequency REG: Fundamental Background, Informational Meaning and Ways of Data Analysis and Automation","authors":"M. Yu, G. B. Weinstein, I. Masalov, P. Halvorson, N. Ryabchikova, Semernia Vn, A. Panov, A. Yu.","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.03","url":null,"abstract":"A long historical experience of monofrequency rheoencephalography (REG) showed its limited capabilities. The new approach ispresented - multifrequency REG that is REG record ing simultaneously at three frequencies - 16, 100 and 200 kHz. The d ifferent brain impedances received were analysed on the base of equivalent electrical circuits of brain tissue. First, this enables to calculate intra-extracellu lar electrical co mponent for evaluation of brain tissue hydration state by means of an original co mputational method. Second, dynamic cooperative analysis of mu lti -REG and transcranial Doppler pulsations provides the indices of intracranial CSF mobility (CSFm) and cranial co mpliance (CCe). Th ird, spectral analysis of processes recorded provides valuable information of regulatory processes involved. The application of this new approach to investigation of intracranial circu lation in healthy persons of different aging groupos and in neurosurgical patients showed its promising effectiv ity.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"195 1","pages":"163-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77549000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-THz Vibrational Spectroscopy of Bacterial Cells and Molecular Components","authors":"T. Globus, T. Dorofeeva, I. Sizov, B. Gelmont, M. Lvovska, T. Khromova, O. Chertihin, Yulia A Koryakina","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, sub-terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is applied to characterize lyophilized and in vitro cultured bacterial cells of non-pathogenic species of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (BG), spores of BG and DNA fro m E. coli. One of the goals of this research is to demonstrate that Fourier Transform (FT) spectroscopy in the frequency region of 10- 25 cm -1 is sensitive enough to reveal characteristic spectral features fro m bio-cells and spores in different environment, to verify the d ifferences between species, and to show the response of spores to vacuum and response of cultured cells to heat. The experimental technique was significantly improved for sensitivity and reliab ility. Observed spectra taken with a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm -1 using FT spectrometer with a detector operating at 1.7 K are rich in well resolved features having spectral widths of ~0.5-1 cm -1 . The reproducibility of experimental results was verified and confirmed. Measured spectra from E. coli DNA and from the entire cell have many similarit ies, thus demonstrating that the cellu lar co mponents might contribute to the v ibrational spectrum of the cell. The results of this work confirm that observed spectroscopic features are caused by fundamental physical mechanism of interaction between THz rad iation and biological macro-mo lecules. Particu larly, the analysis of results indicates that the spectroscopic signatures of microorganis ms originate fro m the co mbination of low frequency vibrational modes or group of modes at close frequencies (vibrational bands) within mo lecular co mponents of bacterial cells/spores, with the significant contribution from the DNA. The significance of this study is justified by necessity for a fast and effective, label free and reagent free optical technology to protect against environmental and other biological threats, as well as for general medical research. The obtained results show that THz v ibrational spectroscopy promises to add quantitative genetic information to the characteristic signatures of biological objects, increasing the detection accuracy and selectivity when appropriate spectral resolution is used.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87530520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-culture Microdevice with Oxygen Gradient for Tumor Microenvironment Model and Metastasis Imaging","authors":"Takahiro Shiwa, Hideyuki Uchida, K. Tsukada","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.04","url":null,"abstract":"Tu mor hypoxia is a major therapeutic problem since it decreases radiation effects and leads to metastasis. Oxygen is delivered to tumor tissue via abnormal and dysfunctional microvessels, which forms heterogeneity of tissue oxygenation in the tumo r. Mimicking the o xygen gradient fo r cellu lar experiments in vitro is important to clarify the mechanis ms involved in tumor bio logy, but the only method to produce hypoxic conditions at a constant level is using gas-controlled incubators, because there is currently no technique for creating an o xygen gradient using culture dishes. We designed a polydimethylsilo xane (PDMS) microflu idic device integrated with microchannels for cell cultures that enables visualizat ion of cellu lar distribution under a microscope and co -culture to determine interactions between cancer and other cells. Phosphorescence-based partial o xygen measurements quantified the o xygen grad ient, which can be controlled by the gas pressure between the inlet and outlet of the device. A monoculture of end othelial cells with an oxygen gradient in the device showed an increase in cell death in the hypoxic area. In addition, Lewis lung carcino ma cells co -cultured with endothelial cells showed gradient-dependent migration through a membrane pore filter, indicating that the interaction between tumor and endothelial cells under hypo xia is crucial in metastasis. The results suggest that the developed microdevice can be used to study the mechanisms of tu mor metastasis under hypoxic conditions.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"175-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86556179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Oxygenation Method Based on Pulse Oximeter","authors":"S. Behbahani, Mohammad Ali Pishbin","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.06","url":null,"abstract":"The body's need of o xygen is certainbecause of its necessity to make energy fro m the food. Lungs deliver oxygen to the blood and if it cannot get enough oxygen to the blood, the patient feels short of breath, which is very uncomfortable. In this state, o xygen therapy can be help ful. Blood gas measurement provides vital information about oxygenation, ventilation and acid-base status. However, these measurements only provide a snapshot of the patient's condition taken at the time that blood sample was drawn. Oxygen level can change very quickly. In the absence of continuous oxygenation monitoring, these changes may go undetected until it is too late. In this paper, we present a new method of online oxygenation, which, could g ive o xygen to the patient with high accuracy and solve many problems involved in other methods. Ten patients ; five COPD and five patients suffer of asthmawere examined with this new method of oxygenation. None of the patients exh ibited signs of oxygen to xicity during new method of o xygen therapy. Experimental results show the acceptability of new o xygenation method in examined subjects.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"185-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88048620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Invasive BCI for the Decoding of Intended Arm Reaching Movement in Prosthetic Limb Control","authors":"Ching-Chang Kuo, Jessica L. Knight, Chelsea A. Dressel, A. Chiu","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.02","url":null,"abstract":"Non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) is able to provide an alternative means of communicat ion with and control over external assistive devices. In general, EEG is insufficient to obtain detailed information about many degrees of freedom (DOF) for arm movements. The main objectives are to design a non-invasive BCI and create a signal decoding strategy that allows people with limited motor control to have more command over potential prosthetic devices. Eight healthy subjects were recruited to perform visual cues directed reaching tasks. Eye and motion artifacts were identified and removed to ensure that the subjects' visual fixation to the target locations would have litt le or no impact on the final result. We applied a Fisher Linear Discriminate (FLD) classifier to perform single-trial classification of the EEG to decode the intended arm movement in the left , right, and forward directions (before the onsets of actual movements). The mean EEG signal amplitude near the PPC region 271-310ms after visual stimu lation was found to be the dominant feature for best classification results. A signal scaling factor developed was found to imp rove the classification accuracy fro m 60.11% to 93.91% in the binary class (left versus right) scenario. This result demonstrated great promises for BCI neuroprosthetics applications, as motor intention decoding can be served as a prelude to the classification of imag ined motor movement to assist in motor disable rehabilitation, such as prosthetic limb or wheelchair control.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":"155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75168656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed Low Intensity Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Affects Cell Cycle of Human Osteoblast-like Cells in Vi tro","authors":"N. Rosenberg, O. Rosenberg, M. Soudry","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.05","url":null,"abstract":"High frequency electro magnetic field in the range of 4 - 33 kHz given in low frequency bursts of 7-15 Hz (PEMF) is efficient in stimulating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro. We hypothesize that osteoblast cell cycle changes following this stimulatory PEMF. In order to explore this effect we used primary explant cultures of human osteoblast-like cells. These cells were subjected to low frequency of 20-30 Hz, h igher frequency of 5-15 kHz electro magnetic fields and to PEM F (5-15 kHz basic frequency in pulses of 20-30 Hz) with maximal magnetic flu x of 10-12 Gauss. The maturation state of the cells was estimated by the measurement of cellular alkaline phosphatase activity and the overall cell death by the LDH activity in culture media. The cell cycle was analyzed by cytometry. The PEMF stimulation significantly increased the proportion of cells in the G1 phase (p<.001) and decreased the proportion of apoptotic and necrotic cells (p<.001), with parallel decrease in cellular alkaline phosphatase and media LDH act ivities. Pure 20-30 Hz or 5-15 kHz electro magnetic stimu lations had no effect on these parameters. Therefore we show that PEM F with a basic frequency in the kHz range provided in pulses in the infrasonic range alters human osteoblast cell cycle by reducing cell death and cellular maturation.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":"181-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84689199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Smart Garments for Physiological and Activity-Related Monitoring of Humans in Harsh Environment","authors":"E. Secco, D. Curone, A. Tognetti, A. Bonfiglio, G. Magenes","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20120204.07","url":null,"abstract":"A set of garments capable of mon itoring the physiological, act ivity-related and environmental parameters of emergency operators during their interventions was developed in a Eu ropean Project called ProeTEX. Th is work reports the results of the field trials performed with the final prototype release at the APT international Fire Fighting Survival Training Centre in Italy. Four sessions of trials (warm-up, rescue intervention, outdoor fire-fighting intervention and smoky chamber route) were performed in harsh environ ment by 6 professional Fire-Fighters. The operators wo re the ProeTEX p rototypes and their Heart Rate (HR), Breathing Rate (BR), Body Temperature (BT), External Temperature (ET), Heat Flu x (HF) and GPS speed have been acquired. Percentage of samples out of the physiological range (R % ) of the HR, BR and BT, as well as percentage of samples showing h igh variability (V % ) of the HR, BR, BT, ET and HF have been processed. Percentage of GPS samples showing artefacts of their ground speed (S % ) have been also computed. The results on the HR, BR and BT signals showed a maximu m R % of 2.0, 7.8 and 8.5 respectively, as well as a maximu m V % of 14.0, 10.0, 0.2, respectively. Concerning the ET and HH data, a V % lower than 0.0 and 2.9, respectively, was found. Finally, the highest detected value of S % of the GPS speed was 3.5 in all the trials. On the whole these results showed the efficacy of the ProeTEX wearab le system and its capability of real-time and continuously monitoring the rescuers while they perform even highly intense activities in harsh environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"189-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85937013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}