{"title":"Assay of avian leukosis viruses by indirect immunoperoxidase method.","authors":"Y Mizuno, K Arai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chick embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) infected with avian leukosis viruses were stained selectively by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Good results were obtained by the use of a successive combination of periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde fixation and diaminobenzidine reaction mixture. Viral antigens were detected type-specifically on infected cells. Type-specific antisera determined by the neutralization test were absorbed by the homologous type of virus-infected CEF, but not by the heterologous type of these cells. This test was more effective for detecting virus infectivity than the resistance-inducing factor test. Viral antigen was observed 2 days after inoculation with a large amount of the virus. The minimum infective dose of the virus for the antigen detection was 100 resistance-inducing units (RIU) per plate 4 days after infection, or 1 RIU per plate in CEF after two passages.</p>","PeriodicalId":76197,"journal":{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health quarterly","volume":"21 2","pages":"63-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17343492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breath-by-breath analysis of expiratory gas concentration in chickens.","authors":"T Itabisashi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Expiratory oxygen and carbon-dioxide concentration were analysed breath by breath in order to examine their wave forms in adult awake hens restrained in various postural positions, including supine, prone and sitting positions. Expired gas was collected at the nostril in almost all the hens. In the sitting position free from vocalization, feeding, drinking, panting, and restlessness, hens showed various forms of stable pattern of oxygen-gas curves. These forms were classified into three types, or the ascending, flat and descending types, with respect to the plateau inclination. The waves of carbon-dioxide were not always a mirror image of those of oxygen. The rate of occurrence of each type varied with the hen's postural position. The wave form was altered with the experimental body-rotation of the hen. When placed between the deflections of stable pattern, the episodes of wave deformation resembling that seen at the time of uneven pulmonary ventilation in mammals could frequently be observed in any hen's posture examined. Cardiogenic oscillation appeared on the plateau of expired-gas curves.</p>","PeriodicalId":76197,"journal":{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health quarterly","volume":"21 1","pages":"42-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17840002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Kashiwazaki, K Nakamura, C Sugimoto, Y Isayama, Y Akaike
{"title":"Diarrhea in piglets due to Escherichia coli that produce only porcine ileal loop-positive heat-stable enterotoxic component.","authors":"M Kashiwazaki, K Nakamura, C Sugimoto, Y Isayama, Y Akaike","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76197,"journal":{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health quarterly","volume":"21 3","pages":"148-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18085958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Responses of pregnant ewes inoculated with Akabane disease live virus vaccine.","authors":"Y Hashiguchi, Y Murakami, K Nanba","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76197,"journal":{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health quarterly","volume":"21 3","pages":"113-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18345029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dermanyssus nipponensis sp. nov. taken from Japanese green woodpecker indigenous to Japan (Acari: Mesostigmata).","authors":"K Uchikawa, S Kitaoka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76197,"journal":{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health quarterly","volume":"21 2","pages":"80-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18355368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Kashiwazaki, T Ogawa, Y Isayama, Y Akaike, K Tamura, R Sakazaki
{"title":"Detection of Vero cytotoxic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from diseased animals.","authors":"M Kashiwazaki, T Ogawa, Y Isayama, Y Akaike, K Tamura, R Sakazaki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76197,"journal":{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health quarterly","volume":"20 3","pages":"116-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18068186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Encephalitogenic effect of Akabane virus on mice, hamsters and guinea pigs.","authors":"Y Nakajima, E Takahashi, S Konno","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76197,"journal":{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health quarterly","volume":"20 2","pages":"81-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18453701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computer simulation of Gumboro disease outbreak. III. Construction model G-4.","authors":"T Takizawa, T Ito, T Tanaka, Y Mizumura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the simulation mode., G-3, of Gumboro disease outbreak, Model G-4 was constructed. The algorithm for computer simulation is shown in a flow chart. The postulates added to those for Models G-1 and G-2 are as follows: (1) The source of contamination is the virus remaining in the house and declining gradually in value with the lapse of time. (2) Any diseased bird excretes the virus during a certain period, so that the virus may be added to the source of contamination. (3) The morbid status of the diseased bird becomes worse in process of time, but the infection remains subclinical until a threshold value is reached. Beyond this value the bird becomes clinically diseased. In this model, more than 20 parameters are involved, and random numbers used for expressing the individual differences in the four variables, viz., the level of innate resistance, parentally conferred immunity, virus-intake, and threshold of clinical manifestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":76197,"journal":{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health quarterly","volume":"20 2","pages":"60-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17319159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computer simulation of Gumboro disease outbreak. IV. Epizootics obtained by mode G-4 with flock size, age and immunity changed.","authors":"T Takizawa, T Ito, T Tanaka, Y Mizumura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the computer simulation of Gumboro disease outbreak by Model G-4 a program was written in FORTRAN. Of over twenty parameters involved in the model, the following three were used as input variables: (1) age of chickens at housing a1 (= 1 and 21); (2) size of flock at housing, N(a1) (= 100 and 1,000); and (3) geometric mean of the level of parentally conferred immunity at hatching, G(1) (= 0, 2, 8, and 32). The outputs were the graphic images demonstrating the chronological changes in a flock of innate resistance, parentally conferred immunity, and their sum, and the epizootic patterns composed of numbers of chickens at subclinical stage, clinically diseased, recovered, condemned, etc. at each age. As a result, stronger epizootics were produced at a lower level of parentally conferred immunity, and a higher age and a larger size of flocks. It was suggested that the subclinical stage might not be understood as an inapparent infection, and that a further postulate on the infection might be necessary to be introduced into this model to increase the practical utility, as well as the theoretical soundness, of this series of studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":76197,"journal":{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health quarterly","volume":"20 2","pages":"68-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17319160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Babesia ovata sp.n. isolated from cattle in Japan.","authors":"T Minami, T Ishihara","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76197,"journal":{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health quarterly","volume":"20 3","pages":"101-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18068185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}