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African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review最新文献

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The Gift of Violence: Ex-Militias and Ambiguous Debt Relations during Post-War Elections in Sierra Leone 暴力的礼物:塞拉利昂战后选举中的前民兵和模棱两可的债务关系
African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review Pub Date : 2016-12-09 DOI: 10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.2.02
Mats Utas, Maya Mynster Christensen
{"title":"The Gift of Violence: Ex-Militias and Ambiguous Debt Relations during Post-War Elections in Sierra Leone","authors":"Mats Utas, Maya Mynster Christensen","doi":"10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This article explores the political mobilization of ex- militias for support during post-war elections in Sierra Leone. Taking its point of departure from the tension between ex- militias’ potential for deployment and displacement of violence, it illuminates the ambiguous ways in which ex-militia members engage with political big men. The article suggests that the notion of debt can be employed as a prism to explain the complexities of social relations between ex-militia rank-and-file members and political elites and thus aims at shedding novel light on how big men systems and patronage work in post-war society, most notably in the political domain. By tracing particular relations between ex-militia members and political big men over time, the article empirically unravels the enduring yet ambiguous nature of debt relations and how they are shaped by and give shape to “the gift of violence.”","PeriodicalId":7615,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72736337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Achieving Stability in African Conflicts: The Role of Contingent Size and Force Integrity 在非洲冲突中实现稳定:特遣队规模和部队完整性的作用
African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review Pub Date : 2016-05-21 DOI: 10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.03
J. Cocodia, Fidelis A. E. Paki
{"title":"Achieving Stability in African Conflicts: The Role of Contingent Size and Force Integrity","authors":"J. Cocodia, Fidelis A. E. Paki","doi":"10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Many conflict scholars argue for the salience of large peacekeeping contingents to the success of peacekeeping. The argument for a large force borders on the provision of effective deterrence and containment of spoilers if the need arises to enforce peace. While this paper recognizes the need for robust peace support operations in achieving stability in mission areas, it also extends its focus to the issue of force integrity, which argues for less diversity within contingents. Force integrity facilitates greater bonding among troops and heightens the determination to achieve mission objectives. Using the six peace support operations undertaken by the African Union, the article argues that force integrity enhances a contingent’s ability to achieve mission goals. This article goes beyond the common argument that the mere provision of a large and well-equipped contingent is sufficient for maintaining stability.","PeriodicalId":7615,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83736718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Everyday People, Autochthony, and Indigene-Settler Crises in Lagos Commodity Markets 拉各斯商品市场中的普通人、原住民和土著定居者危机
African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review Pub Date : 2016-05-21 DOI: 10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.02
Gbemisola Animasawun
{"title":"Everyday People, Autochthony, and Indigene-Settler Crises in Lagos Commodity Markets","authors":"Gbemisola Animasawun","doi":"10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Local markets in Nigerian cities are under-studied but ubiquitous and ancient sites of inter-ethnic conflicts and cooperation of everyday people (traders). Against the backdrop of indigene-settler conflicts in two major markets in Lagos, this study examines the causes of these conflicts, defined by the adversarial use of autochthony, their management and outcomes, and how macro-inter-ethnic relations inflect conflict and cooperation in local markets. While market leadership is a common cause of conflict, the management approaches adopted and outcomes differed in ways that reveal the impact of the macro on the micro. Also, post-conflict relations in markets underscore the utility of trade as a means of sustaining peaceful co-existence in a fractious country like Nigeria and the creativity of everyday people in peacebuilding, designing early warning systems, and conflict management.","PeriodicalId":7615,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76092516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Religious Violence and Democracy in Niger 尼日尔的宗教暴力与民主
African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review Pub Date : 2016-05-21 DOI: 10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.05
L. Mueller
{"title":"Religious Violence and Democracy in Niger","authors":"L. Mueller","doi":"10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Deadly attacks on Christians and mounting resistance to secularism in Niger raise the question of whether the Muslim-majority country is turning away from democracy and toward a repressive form of Shari’a law. I argue that religious extremism in Niger has largely external roots and that domestic religious leaders are not pursuing a revolutionary agenda, even though they are increasingly involved in organizing social movements. The foreign nature of terrorist threats may even help preserve democracy by raising nationalist support for the state.","PeriodicalId":7615,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82227764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Securing Forests for Peace and Development in Postconflict Liberia 在冲突后利比里亚保护森林促进和平与发展
African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review Pub Date : 2016-05-21 DOI: 10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.01
M. Beevers
{"title":"Securing Forests for Peace and Development in Postconflict Liberia","authors":"M. Beevers","doi":"10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Peacebuilding assumes that security and development foster the necessary conditions for a sustainable peace. No place is the coupling of security and development more evident than in postconflict natural resource governance. Natural resources are considered a security threat because revenues from them can fuel instability and finance war. Natural resources are simultaneously considered a peace resource that can help create jobs, provide revenue and spur economic recovery. It remains an open question the extent to which the dual objectives of security and development work to consolidate peace, especially when it comes to natural resources. This article examines the substantial international efforts to securitize and “marketize” Liberia’s forests in the name of peacebuilding and illustrates how reforms have inadvertently exacerbated existing societal tensions and recreated governance arrangements that are counterproductive for building peace. Based on this, I argue that the nexus of security and development as construed by international peacebuilders overlooks broader dimensions of human security and ignores other approaches to poverty alleviation and equitable development. The article concludes with a broad set of policy recommendations for governing natural resources in postconflict settings.","PeriodicalId":7615,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80833359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Quest For a Multidimensional African Standby Force 寻求一个多维的非洲待命部队
African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review Pub Date : 2016-05-21 DOI: 10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.04
F. Onditi, P. Okoth, F. Matanga
{"title":"The Quest For a Multidimensional African Standby Force","authors":"F. Onditi, P. Okoth, F. Matanga","doi":"10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most novel ideas within the emerging African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) was the creation and adoption of the African Standby Force (ASF) policy framework in 2003–04. Since its adoption by the African Chiefs of Defense in May 2004, the focus has been on developing a multidimensional peace support operation platform. However, more than a decade after the adoption of the African common defense policy, the ASF’s plan to achieve multidimensional capacities by 2015 or beyond remains elusive. This delay has been attributed to several factors, including civil-military tensions. While the ASF structures have made significant efforts in training peacekeepers, the possibility for a multidimensional force in the foreseeable future has not only been delayed, but also significantly undermined. This article points to the need for greater focus on developing civilian and police personnel in order to equip the ASF with the right mix of capacities to respond to the unprecedented asymmetric conflicts in Africa.","PeriodicalId":7615,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78714323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Political Economy of US Security Assistance to Africa: A Research Agenda 美国对非洲安全援助的政治经济学:一个研究议程
African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review Pub Date : 2016-05-21 DOI: 10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.06
Faith I. Okpotor
{"title":"The Political Economy of US Security Assistance to Africa: A Research Agenda","authors":"Faith I. Okpotor","doi":"10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.6.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Much of the literature on US security assistance focuses on national/strategic/international security interests, but little attention is paid to economic incentives driving this aspect of US foreign policy. This briefing paper aims to fill that gap by proposing a research agenda that draws connections between economic and security interests and seeks to explain economic determinants of US security assistance to Africa. My methodological approach involves examining US national economic interests, recipient country economic interests, and the interests of industry groups doing business in Africa. Such an approach reveals connections not immediately obvious without viewing security relations through a political economy lens. The US’s twin interests of global peace and security and uninterrupted oil supply align with those of the oil industry and private security contractors. Applying this approach could help us understand puzzling US-Africa relationships, such as the US-Uganda security relationship, which is heavily influenced by the need to root out the recalcitrant rebel group the Lord’s Resistance Army.","PeriodicalId":7615,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87354906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Peace Incentives: Economic Aid and Peace Processes in Africa 和平激励:非洲的经济援助与和平进程
African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review Pub Date : 2015-11-14 DOI: 10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.5.2.1
Nikolas G. Emmanuel
{"title":"Peace Incentives: Economic Aid and Peace Processes in Africa","authors":"Nikolas G. Emmanuel","doi":"10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.5.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.5.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"How does economic assistance influence the success or failure of peace processes in Africa? Can economic assistance act as an incentive to facilitate an end to conflict? The literature largely ignores aid as a factor supporting peace processes. In addressing this topic, the current study tries to assess the impact of donor economic aid on recent African peace processes. This research points to the conclusion that international assistance can be a positive incentive for lasting peace.","PeriodicalId":7615,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74656021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Sudan and South Sudan: Accounting for Their Intractable Conflicts 苏丹和南苏丹:对其棘手冲突的解释
African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review Pub Date : 2015-11-14 DOI: 10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.5.2.143
Ian S. Spears, P. Wight
{"title":"Sudan and South Sudan: Accounting for Their Intractable Conflicts","authors":"Ian S. Spears, P. Wight","doi":"10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.5.2.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.5.2.143","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the persistence of violent conflicts in the two Sudans. It examines standard macro-approaches to conflict resolution—democracy, inclusiveness, intervention, secession, as well as the more radical “let-them-fight” thesis—to demonstrate the limitations on the ability of outsiders to manage the conflicts. It concludes that relying on these approaches alone is not likely to lead to meaningful and lasting conflict resolution. The causes of Sudan’s and South Sudan’s wars run deeper than a failure to be inclusive and are instead connected to the nature of the state in Africa.","PeriodicalId":7615,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85439393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Student-Host Community Conflicts in Nigeria: The Case of the Federal Polytechnic and the Offa Community in Kwara State 尼日利亚学生与寄宿社区的冲突:以Kwara州联邦理工学院和Offa社区为例
African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review Pub Date : 2015-11-14 DOI: 10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.5.2.113
J. S. Omotola
{"title":"Student-Host Community Conflicts in Nigeria: The Case of the Federal Polytechnic and the Offa Community in Kwara State","authors":"J. S. Omotola","doi":"10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.5.2.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.5.2.113","url":null,"abstract":"Identity conflicts, in their diverse ramifications, have been the subject of major studies in Nigeria. However, conflicts between students of higher education institutions and their host communities, now commonplace in the country, have not been given adequate scholarly attention. This paper examines the violent conflict in May 2000 between students of the Federal Polytechnic, Offa, (FEDPOFFA) and the Offa community in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria. Not only was the conflict unduly protracted, but it also led to the closure of the polytechnic for a year, while peacebuilding efforts continued. By offering explanations for this development, showing its policy and research implications, the study contributes to the understanding of a neglected aspect of identity conflicts in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":7615,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86977064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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