American Journal of Gastroenterology最新文献

{"title":"Long-term Risks of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Across Steatotic Liver Disease Subtypes.","authors":"Yi-Ting Chen, Tzu-I Chen, Tsai-Hsuan Yang, Szu-Ching Yin, Sheng-Nan Lu, Xia-Rong Liu, Yun-Zheng Gao, Chih-Jo Lin, Chia-Wei Huang, Jee-Fu Huang, Ming-Lun Yeh, Chung-Feng Huang, Chia-Yen Dai, Wan-Long Chuang, Hwai-I Yang, Ming-Lung Yu, Mei-Hsuan Lee","doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002778","DOIUrl":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The prospective study aimed to investigate the long-term associated risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) across various subtypes of steatotic liver disease (SLD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 332,175 adults who participated in a health screening program between 1997 and 2013. Participants were categorized into various subtypes, including metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD (MASLD), MASLD with excessive alcohol consumption (MetALD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), based on ultrasonography findings, alcohol consumption patterns, and cardiometabolic risk factors. We used computerized data linkage with nationwide registries from 1997 to 2019 to ascertain the incidence of cirrhosis and HCC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a median follow-up of 16 years, 4,458 cases of cirrhosis and 1,392 cases of HCC occurred in the entire cohort, resulting in an incidence rate of 86.1 and 26.8 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The ALD group exhibited the highest incidence rate for cirrhosis and HCC, followed by MetALD, MASLD, and non-SLD groups. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratios for HCC were 1.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-2.44), 2.91 (95% CI 2.11-4.03), and 2.59 (95% CI 1.93-3.48) for MASLD, MetALD, and ALD, respectively, when compared with non-SLD without cardiometabolic risk factors. The pattern of the associated risk of cirrhosis was similar to that of HCC (all P value <0.001). The associated risk of cirrhosis for ALD increased to 4.74 (95% CI 4.08-5.52) when using non-SLD without cardiometabolic risk factors as a reference.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study highlights elevated risks of cirrhosis and HCC across various subtypes of SLD compared with non-SLD, emphasizing the importance of behavioral modifications for early prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7608,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"2241-2250"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140292421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Gel Immersion Endoscopy to Control Duodenum Spasm During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.","authors":"Yuki Ishikawa-Kakiya, Hirotsugu Maruyama, Kojiro Tanoue, Akira Higashimori, Shusei Fukunaga, Yasuhiro Fujiwara","doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002752","DOIUrl":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002752","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7608,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"2167"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140108826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Insights Into Ultra-processed Food Consumption and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk.","authors":"Lu Hao, Jisu Xue","doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002923","DOIUrl":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7608,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"2342"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Clinically Significant Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Bleeding: A Contemporary Multicenter Study.","authors":"Kirles Bishay, Yibing Ruan, Alan N Barkun, Yen-I Chen, Andrew Singh, Lawrence Hookey, Naveen Arya, Natalia Causada Calo, Samir C Grover, Peter D Siersema, Nirav Thosani, Saeed Darvish-Kazem, Deborah Siegal, Sydney Bass, Martin Cole, Yang Lei, Suqing Li, Rachid Mohamed, Christian Turbide, Millie Chau, Megan Howarth, Shane Cartwright, Hannah F Koury, Tamim Nashad, Zhao Wu Meng, Alejandra Tepox-Padrón, Ahmed Kayal, Emmanuel González-Moreno, Darren R Brenner, Zachary L Smith, Rajesh N Keswani, B Joseph Elmunzer, Sachin Wani, Ronald J Bridges, Robert J Hilsden, Steven J Heitman, Nauzer Forbes","doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002946","DOIUrl":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clinically significant post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) bleeding (CSPEB) is common. Contemporary estimates of risk are lacking. We aimed to identify risk factors of and outcomes after CSPEB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed multicenter prospective ERCP data between 2018 and 2024 with 30-day follow-up. The primary outcome was CSPEB, defined as hematemesis, melena, or hematochezia resulting in (i) hemoglobin drop ≥ 20 g/L or transfusion and/or (ii) endoscopy to evaluate suspected bleeding and/or (iii) unplanned healthcare visitation and/or prolongation of existing admission. Firth logistic regression was used. P values <0.05 were significant, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CSPEB occurred after 129 (1.5%) of 8,517 ERCPs (mean onset 3.2 days), with 110 of 4,849 events (2.3%) occurring after higher risk interventions (sphincterotomy, sphincteroplasty, precut sphincterotomy, and/or needle-knife access). Patients with CSPEB required endoscopy and transfusion in 86.0% and 53.5% of cases, respectively, with 3 cases (2.3%) being fatal. P2Y 12 inhibitors were held for a median of 4 days (interquartile range 4) before higher risk ERCP. After higher risk interventions, P2Y 12 inhibitors (OR 3.33, 1.26-7.74), warfarin (OR 8.54, 3.32-19.81), dabigatran (OR 13.40, 2.06-59.96), rivaroxaban (OR 7.42, 3.43-15.24), and apixaban (OR 4.16, 1.99-8.20) were associated with CSPEB. Significant intraprocedural bleeding after sphincterotomy (OR 2.32, 1.06-4.60), but not after sphincteroplasty, was also associated. Concomitant cardiorespiratory events occurred more frequently within 30 days after CSPEB (OR 12.71, 4.75-32.54).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Risks of antiplatelet-related CSPEB may be underestimated by endoscopists based on observations of suboptimal holding before higher risk ERCP. Appropriate periprocedural antithrombotic management is essential and could represent novel quality initiative targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":7608,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"119 11","pages":"2317-2325"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Natural History After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study From the United States.","authors":"Edward L Barnes, Aakash Desai, Jana G Hashash, Francis A Farraye, Gursimran S Kochhar","doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002891","DOIUrl":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are limited data regarding the natural history after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC). The principal objectives of this study were to identify 4 key outcomes in the natural history after IPAA within 1, 3, 5, and 10 years: the incidence of pouchitis, Crohn's-like disease of the pouch, use of advanced therapies after IPAA, and pouch failure requiring excision in a network of electronic health records.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective cohort study in TriNetX, a research network of electronic health records. In addition to evaluating incidence rates, we also sought to identify factors associated with pouchitis and advanced therapy use within 5 years of IPAA after 1:1 propensity score matching, expressed as adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,331 patients who underwent colectomy with IPAA for UC, the incidence of pouchitis increased from 58% in the first year after IPAA to 72% at 10 years after IPAA. After propensity score matching, nicotine dependence (aHR 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-2.18), antitumor necrosis factor therapy (aHR 1.33, 95% CI 1.13-1.56), and vedolizumab prior to colectomy (aHR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06-1.96) were associated with an increased risk of pouchitis in the first 5 years after IPAA. The incidence of Crohn's-like disease of the pouch increased to 10.3% within 10 years of IPAA while pouch failure increased to 4.1%. The incidence of advanced therapy use peaked at 14.4% at 10 years after IPAA.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The incidence of inflammatory conditions of the pouch remains high in the current era, with 14% of patients requiring advanced therapies after IPAA.</p>","PeriodicalId":7608,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"2267-2274"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Retrograde Colonic Enema-Based Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Childhood Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial.","authors":"Xu Gu, Zhonghua Yang, Youwei Kou, Fan Yang, Yang Wang, Ying Chen, Enhui Wang, Xuzheng Jiang, Yuzuo Bai, Zhibo Zhang, Shucheng Zhang","doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002958","DOIUrl":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Management of intractable childhood constipation is still challenging. The efficacy of retrograde colonic enema (RCE) with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in intractable childhood constipation has not been established, although both have demonstrated potential in gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of RCE-based FMT in the treatment of intractable constipation in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with 110 children was conducted. The patients were randomly assigned to the FMT with RCE group or the placebo with RCE group. All participants received a daily RCE, followed by a 4-week FMT treatment (twice a week) and a 12-week follow-up period. Spontaneous bowel movements ≥ 3 per week were the main outcomes, and the risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Changes in intestinal bacterial profile were analyzed by BOX-PCR-based DNA fingerprinting and sequencing. The adverse effects were assessed based on symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the end of the follow-up period, 22 patients (40.0%) in the FMT with RCE group and 10 patients (18.2%) in the placebo with RCE group had ≥ 3 spontaneous bowel movements per week (net difference = 21.8%, 95% CI: 13.2%-30.4%; risk ratio: 1.364, 95% CI: 1.063-1.749; P < 0.05). Both RCE and FMT enriched the intestinal bacterial diversity of patients with constipation. The adverse events were all mild self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>FMT enhances the efficacy of RCE, and the use of RCE-based FMT is a safe and effective method in the treatment of intractable constipation in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":7608,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"2288-2297"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141578737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Achalasia Within Absent Contractility Phenotypes on High-Resolution Manometry: Prevalence, Predictive Factors, and Treatment Outcome.","authors":"Parth Patel, Benjamin D Rogers, Arvind Rengarajan, Benjamin Elsbernd, Elizabeth R O'Brien, C Prakash Gyawali","doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002694","DOIUrl":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Absent contractility on high-resolution manometry (HRM) defines severe hypomotility but needs distinction from achalasia. We retrospectively identified achalasia within absent contractility using HRM provocative maneuvers, barium esophagography, and functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult patients with absent contractility on HRM during the 4-year study period were eligible for inclusion. Inadequate studies, achalasia after therapy, or prior foregut surgery were exclusions. Upright integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) >12 mm Hg, panesophageal pressurization, and/or elevated IRP on multiple rapid swallows and rapid drink challenge (RDC) were considered abnormal. Esophageal barium retention and abnormal esophagogastric junction distensibility index (<2.0 mm 2 /mm Hg) on FLIP defined achalasia. Clinical, endoscopic, and motor characteristics of patients with achalasia were compared with absent contractility without obstruction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 164 patients, 20 (12.2%) had achalasia (17.9% of 112 patients with adjunctive testing), while 92 did not, and 52 did not undergo adjunctive tests. Achalasia was diagnosed regardless of IRP value, but the median supine IRP was higher (odds ratio 1.196, 95% confidence interval 1.041-1.375, P = 0.012). Patients with achalasia were more likely to present with dysphagia (80.0% vs 35.9%, P < 0.001), with obstructive features on HRM maneuvers (83.3% vs 48.9%, P = 0.039), but lower likelihood of GERD evidence (20.0% vs 47.3%, P = 0.027) or large hiatus hernia (15.0% vs 43.8%, P = 0.002). On multivariable analysis, dysphagia presentation ( P = 0.006) and pressurization on RDC ( P = 0.027) predicted achalasia, while reflux and presurgical evaluations and lack of RDC obstruction predicted absent contractility without obstruction.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite HRM diagnosis of absent contractility, achalasia is identified in more than 1 in 10 patients regardless of IRP value.</p>","PeriodicalId":7608,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"2189-2197"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Menon.","authors":"Silke Leonhardt, Christian Jürgensen","doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000003054","DOIUrl":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000003054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7608,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"2348-2349"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Hypermobility, Autonomic Dysfunction, Gastrointestinal Dysfunction, and Autoimmune Markers: Clinical Associations and Response to Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy.","authors":"Pankaj J Pasricha, Megan McKnight, Luisa Villatoro, Guillermo Barahona, Jeffrey Brinker, Ken Hui, Michael Polydefkis, Robert Burns, Zsuzsanna H McMahan, Neda Gould, Brent Goodman, Joseph Hentz, Glenn Treisman","doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002910","DOIUrl":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We examined autoimmunity markers (AIM) and autonomic dysfunction in patients with chronic neurogastroenterological symptoms and their relationship to joint hypermobility/hypermobility spectrum disorder (JH/HSD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AIM positivity was defined as a diagnosis of known autoimmune/autoinflammatory disorder with at least 1 positive seromarker of autoimmunity or at least 2 positive seromarkers by themselves. Three cohorts were studied: (i) retrospective (n = 300), (ii) prospective validation cohort (n = 133), and (iii) treatment cohort (n = 40), administered open-label intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AIM positivity was found in 40% and 29% of the retrospective and prospective cohorts, the majority of whom (71% and 69%, respectively) had autoinflammatory disorder. Significantly more patients with AIM had elevations of C-reactive protein (31% vs 15%, P < 0.001) along with an increased proportion of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (48% vs 29%; P < 0.001), small fiber neuropathy (20% vs 9%; P = 0.002), and HLADQ8 positivity (24% vs 13%, P = 0.01). Patients with JH/HSD were more likely to have AIM (43% vs 15%, P = 0.001) along with more severe autonomic and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom scores. IVIG treatment was associated with robust improvement in pain, GI, and autonomic symptoms, but adverse events were experienced by 62% of patients.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Autoimmune markers and autonomic dysfunction are common in patients with unexplained GI symptoms, especially in those with JH/HSD. Many patients seem to respond to IVIG treatment, but this needs to be confirmed by controlled trials. These results highlight the need for vigilance for autoimmune and autonomic factors and JH/HSD in patients with neurogastroenterological disorders. Clinicaltrials.gov , NCT04859829.</p>","PeriodicalId":7608,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"2298-2306"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141441989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuing Medical Education Questions: November 2024.","authors":"Shanti L Eswaran","doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000003114","DOIUrl":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000003114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Article Title: Risk of Pancreatitis After Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7608,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"119 11","pages":"2173"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}