Journal of speech and hearing research最新文献_第2页

A system for the diagnosis of specific language impairment in kindergarten children. 幼儿园儿童特殊语言障碍的诊断系统。

Journal of speech and hearing research Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3906.1284

J B Tomblin, N L Records, X Zhang

引用次数: 402

Point-light facial displays enhance comprehension of speech in noise. 点光面部显示增强了对噪音中的语音的理解。

Journal of speech and hearing research Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3906.1159

L D Rosenblum, J A Johnson, H M Saldaña

{"title":"Point-light facial displays enhance comprehension of speech in noise.","authors":"L D Rosenblum, J A Johnson, H M Saldaña","doi":"10.1044/jshr.3906.1159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3906.1159","url":null,"abstract":"Seeing a talker's face can improve the perception of speech in noise. There is little known about which characteristics of the face are useful for enhancing the degraded signal. In this study, a point-light technique was employed to help isolate the salient kinematic aspects of a visible articulating face. In this technique, fluorescent dots were arranged on the lips, teeth, tongue, cheeks, and jaw of an actor. The actor was videotaped speaking in the dark, so that when shown to observers, only the moving dots were seen. To test whether these reduced images could contribute to the perception of degraded speech, noise-embedded sentences were dubbed with the point-light images at various signal-to-noise ratios. It was found that these images could significantly improve comprehension for adults with normal hearing and that the images became more effective as participants gained experience with the stimuli. These results have implications for uncovering salient visual speech information as well as in the development of telecommunication systems for listeners who are hearing impaired.","PeriodicalId":76022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech and hearing research","volume":"39 6","pages":"1159-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1044/jshr.3906.1159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19921628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 163

Perceptual organization of sequential stimuli in listeners with cochlear hearing loss. 耳蜗听力损失听者序列刺激的知觉组织。

Journal of speech and hearing research Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3906.1149

J H Grose, J W Hall

{"title":"Perceptual organization of sequential stimuli in listeners with cochlear hearing loss.","authors":"J H Grose, J W Hall","doi":"10.1044/jshr.3906.1149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3906.1149","url":null,"abstract":"The perceptual organization of sequential stimuli presumably depends in part on the fidelity with which acoustic cues are encoded in the auditory system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cochlear hearing loss on two measures of sequential processing that rely on spectro-temporal information. The results of a gap detection/discrimination task indicated that listeners with cochlear hearing loss exhibited particular difficulty discriminating gaps between tonal markers that were disparate in frequency. Performance improved when the disparate tones were embedded into a sequence of alternating low- and high-frequency tones that may have facilitated the perceptual of the stimuli into separate auditory streams. However, performance for listeners with cochlear hearing loss was generally poorer than that of normal-hearing listeners and did not appear to be related to threshold in quiet or to frequency selectivity. The results of a melody recognition task that required a target melody to be \"heard out\" from simultaneous competing melodies also indicated generally poorer performance on the part of the listeners with hearing loss, although the pattern of results across all listeners was highly idiosyncratic. It was concluded that cochlear hearing loss deleteriously affects the processes underlying perceptual organization of sequential stimuli. In particular, perceptual organization in the presence of cochlear hearing loss appears to require a greater frequency separation between presumed auditory streams in comparison to normal-hearing listeners.","PeriodicalId":76022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech and hearing research","volume":"39 6","pages":"1149-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1044/jshr.3906.1149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19922454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Narrative development in late talkers: early school age. 晚说话者的叙事发展:早期学龄期。

Journal of speech and hearing research Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3906.1295

R Paul, R Hernandez, L Taylor, K Johnson

{"title":"Narrative development in late talkers: early school age.","authors":"R Paul, R Hernandez, L Taylor, K Johnson","doi":"10.1044/jshr.3906.1295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3906.1295","url":null,"abstract":"Children with slow expressive language development (SELD) as toddlers and a control group of children with normal language development (NL) were followed to early school age. Children with SELD were, at that point, subdivided into two groups: those who had moved within the normal range of expressive language (the History of Expressive Language Delay [HELD] subgroup); and those who continued to score below the normal range in expressive language at school age (the Expressive Language Delay [ELD] subgroup). During their kindergarten, first, and second grade years, they were administered a narrative generation task. Narratives were analyzed for MLU, lexical diversity, amount of information included, proportion of complete cohesive ties, and overall stage of narrative maturity. In kindergarten, children with normal language history scored significantly higher than those with HELD and ELD on lexical diversity and narrative stage; and higher than those with ELD in proportion of complete cohesive ties. In first grade, children with normal language history again scored significantly higher than those with HELD and ELD on narrative maturity, with no other significant differences. In second grade, there were no significant differences among the groups.","PeriodicalId":76022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech and hearing research","volume":"39 6","pages":"1295-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1044/jshr.3906.1295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19923566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Role of F0 and amplitude in the perception of intervocalic glottal stops. F0和振幅在声门间歇音感知中的作用。

Journal of speech and hearing research Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3906.1182

J M Hillenbrand, R A Houde

{"title":"Role of F0 and amplitude in the perception of intervocalic glottal stops.","authors":"J M Hillenbrand, R A Houde","doi":"10.1044/jshr.3906.1182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3906.1182","url":null,"abstract":"Glottal stops that occur in vowel-consonant-vowel context are often not realized as stops at all, but rather show voicing that is continuous throughout the glottal constriction gesture. Glottal articulations that are realized in this way are apparently marked by reductions in amplitude and fundamental frequency. In the present study measurements from naturally produced utterances containing the sequence /o?o/ (i.e., a glottal stop separating two identical vowels) were used to create a set of synthetic stimuli that varied in their F0 and amplitude contours. The utterances were resynthesized in six ways: (a) original pitch/original amplitude, (b) original pitch/flat amplitude, (c) flat pitch/original amplitude, (d) flat pitch/flat amplitude, (e) flat pitch/inverted amplitude, and (f) inverted pitch/flat amplitude. Results indicated that: (a) a dip in the pitch contour is nearly always sufficient to cue the presence of a glottal stop in the absence of any drop in amplitude, (b) a dip in the amplitude contour is usually sufficient to cue the presence of a glottal stop, and (c) signals with inverted contours were not heard as glottal stops, indicating that it is not merely an abrupt change that is needed to signal a glottal stop.","PeriodicalId":76022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech and hearing research","volume":"39 6","pages":"1182-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1044/jshr.3906.1182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19921630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 73

Interactive focused stimulation for toddlers with expressive vocabulary delays. 表达性词汇迟缓幼儿的互动聚焦刺激。

Journal of speech and hearing research Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3906.1274

L Girolametto, P S Pearce, E Weitzman

{"title":"Interactive focused stimulation for toddlers with expressive vocabulary delays.","authors":"L Girolametto, P S Pearce, E Weitzman","doi":"10.1044/jshr.3906.1274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3906.1274","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the effects of training parents to administer focused stimulation intervention to teach specific target words to their toddlers with expressive vocabulary delays. Twenty-five mothers and their late-talking toddlers were randomly assigned to treatment and delayed-treatment (control) groups. Vocabulary targets were individually selected for each toddler based on the child's phonetic repertoire and parent report of vocabulary development. Following treatment, mothers' language input was slower, less complex, and more focused than mothers in the control group. Concomitantly, their children used more target words in naturalistic probes, used more words in free-play interaction, and were reported to have larger vocabularies overall as measured by parent report. In addition, the treatment had an effect on language development-children in the experimental group used more multiword combinations and early morphemes than children in the control group. The implications of these results are discussed with regard to the role of focused stimulation intervention for children with expressive vocabulary delays.","PeriodicalId":76022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech and hearing research","volume":"39 6","pages":"1274-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1044/jshr.3906.1274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19923564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 326

Evidence of sensitivity to structural contrasts in the literature on children's language comprehension. 儿童语言理解文献中结构对比敏感性的证据。

Journal of speech and hearing research Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3906.1304

A Sutton

引用次数: 2

Temporal resolution in infancy and subsequent language development. 婴儿期的时间分辨和随后的语言发展。

Journal of speech and hearing research Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3906.1315

S E Trehub, J L Henderson

引用次数: 82

Establishing the validity of recovery from stuttering without formal treatment. 建立没有正式治疗的口吃康复的有效性。

Journal of speech and hearing research Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3906.1171

P Finn

{"title":"Establishing the validity of recovery from stuttering without formal treatment.","authors":"P Finn","doi":"10.1044/jshr.3906.1171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3906.1171","url":null,"abstract":"There is no empirical basis for determining goals for stuttering treatment. One approach that might resolve this issue is to systematically investigate persons who claim to have recovered from stuttering without the assistance of treatment. However, critical methodological and conceptual issues must be overcome first in order to assure these persons had a valid stuttering problem and that their recovery was independent of treatment. This study examined a validation procedure for solving these issues based on the combination of two methods: independent verification and self-reports. Forty-two subjects participated: 14 adults who recovered from stuttering without assistance, 14 adults with persistent stuttering, and 14 adults who were normally fluent speakers. For the independent verification, a Speech Behavior Checklist was administered to 42 individuals familiar with the recovered subjects' past speech and the other subjects' current speech. Results indicated that persons who knew the recovered subjects when they used to stutter recalled speech behaviors consistent with subjects who still stuttered, but not the same as speech behaviors consistent with subjects who never stuttered. These findings were supported by an objective analysis of the recovered subjects' descriptions of their past stuttering. Furthermore, a content analysis of subjects' self-reports indicated that recovery was independent of treatment.","PeriodicalId":76022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech and hearing research","volume":"39 6","pages":"1171-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19921629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Quality ratings for frequency-shaped peak-clipped speech: results for listeners with hearing loss. 频率型尖峰截断语音的质量评级:听力损失听众的结果。

Journal of speech and hearing research Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3906.1115

L Kozma-Spytek, J M Kates, S G Revoile

{"title":"Quality ratings for frequency-shaped peak-clipped speech: results for listeners with hearing loss.","authors":"L Kozma-Spytek, J M Kates, S G Revoile","doi":"10.1044/jshr.3906.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3906.1115","url":null,"abstract":"Peak clipping is a common form of distortion in hearing aids and can reduce the subjective quality of the amplified speech. In a previous study involving listeners with normal hearing (Kates & Kozma-Spytek, 1994), the effect of peak clipping on speech quality ratings was studied using sentence test materials that were filtered using three different frequency response contours and then clipped at four different clipping levels. The present study extends the quality ratings to include those from a group of listeners having moderate to profound hearing impairments. The experimental results indicate that the clipping level, and the interaction of the frequency-response shaping with the clipping level, significantly affects speech quality. It is also shown that the distortion effects on speech quality for the listeners with impaired hearing can be modeled by a distortion index computed from the magnitude-squared coherence of the speech-processing system in response to a shaped-noise input signal. The distortion-index weights derived for the group of listeners with impaired hearing, however, differ substantially from those derived for listeners with normal hearing, and substantial inter-listener variation was also observed.","PeriodicalId":76022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech and hearing research","volume":"39 6","pages":"1115-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19922451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17