American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics最新文献_第2页

Computational prediction of pharmacokinetic parameters as an in vitro approach for assessing paracetamol tablets for IVIVC; a strategy in COVID-19 disruptive times. 计算预测对乙酰氨基酚片体外治疗IVIVC的药动学参数这是在COVID-19动荡时期的战略。

American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.4314/jopat.v21i2.6

Isaac J. Ajeh, Galadima I. Hayatu, Ekeh I. Ezekiel

{"title":"Computational prediction of pharmacokinetic parameters as an in vitro approach for assessing paracetamol tablets for IVIVC; a strategy in COVID-19 disruptive times.","authors":"Isaac J. Ajeh, Galadima I. Hayatu, Ekeh I. Ezekiel","doi":"10.4314/jopat.v21i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jopat.v21i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) is a desirable attribute for any drug dissolution test to establish relevance and confidence in evaluating the quality and safety of products. The pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol have been studied extensively but information about the IVIVC is scanty and mostly controversial; this justifies its choice as a model drug for this study. This work is aimed to evaluate and compare the IVIVC dissolution profile of different brands of paracetamol tablets using authentic pharmacokinetic parameters such as; maximum observed dug concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (Tmax) and Area under Curve concentration-time curve (AUC) obtained from literature. In vitro release data were obtained for each brand (n=12) using the USP II apparatus at 50 rpm in 900 ml phosphate buffer of pH 5.8, maintained at 37±0.5 °C and the results were mathematically extrapolated to predict in vivo data. The percent predicted error (% PE) for Cmax ranges from 1.70 to 6.52 % across the brands, while those for Tmax and AUC were < 0 % and > 20 % respectively. The observed low prediction error for Cmax and Tmax (<10 %) demonstrated that the paracetamol IVIVC model was valid based on FDA guidelines. While a satisfactory result could not be achieved for AUC, promising results were obtained exploiting the convolution based IVIVC model.","PeriodicalId":7592,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78930964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heavy metals monitoring on NIPRD Botanical Garden 国家公园植物园重金属监测

American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.4314/jopat.v21i2.16

A. Samali, Nneke N Ibekwe, Ajiboye O. Adedolapo

引用次数: 0

The percentage acceptability of the non-pharmaceutical measures in containing the spread of COVID-19 in Abuja, Nigeria 在尼日利亚阿布贾遏制COVID-19传播的非药物措施的可接受程度百分比

American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.4314/jopat.v21i2.12

C. Nwachukwu, A. Nwachukwu

{"title":"The percentage acceptability of the non-pharmaceutical measures in containing the spread of COVID-19 in Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"C. Nwachukwu, A. Nwachukwu","doi":"10.4314/jopat.v21i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jopat.v21i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is an efficient super spreading disease with numerical superiority among past pandemics. Vaccination, medication, drug repurposing are the pharmaceutical measures currently in use in combating the spread of COVID-19. However, the populace is skeptical about their use. The study objective was testing the acceptability of non-pharmaceutical measures in containing the spread. The phase-1 of the study is sourced from secondary data using appropriate keywords on six electronic databases, including ‘effective non-pharmaceutical intervention strategic’, ‘symptoms of COVID-19’, and ‘COVID-19 mode of transmissions’. The phase-2 is a Questionnaire from the phase-1 outcome which was administered to 2000 people in the Abuja metropolis. Phase-1 showed that the non-pharmaceutical measures for combating COVID-19 disease were handwashing, facemask, personal hygiene, restricted mass gathering, workplace closures, contact tracing, travel restrictions, quarantine, alcohol hand-based sanitizers, physical distancing, and nutritional intervention. Phase-2 results on the acceptability of non-pharmaceutical measures by 2000 people were; handwashing (24%), facemask (5%), personal hygiene (18%), workplace closures (4%), contact tracing (6%), travel restrictions (9%), quarantine (8%), alcohol hand-based sanitizers (10%), physical distancing (5%), and nutritional intervention (11%). Workplace closures have the lowest acceptability. In conclusion, the lowest value of workplace closure is hinged on the family economy.","PeriodicalId":7592,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91534549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African Star Apple) cotyledons. 非洲星苹果子叶乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌活性。

American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.4314/jopat.v21i2.3

UF Babaiwa, DE Ifijen, O. Erharuyi, S. Eraga, J. Akerele

{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African Star Apple) cotyledons.","authors":"UF Babaiwa, DE Ifijen, O. Erharuyi, S. Eraga, J. Akerele","doi":"10.4314/jopat.v21i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jopat.v21i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The challenge of increasing number of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial bacteria pathogens have led to a renewed focus on plants for possible discovery of lead molecule that could pave the way for new generation antimicrobial agent. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate extract of the cotyledons of Chrysophyllum albidum, with a view to exploring the antimicrobial properties of its chemical constituents. Powdered C. albidum cotyledons were screened for phytochemical constituents using standard methods and the extract obtained by maceration in ethyl acetate. The crude extract was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger using standard agar-well diffusion method. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to determine the chemical constituents of the extract. Alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids and flavoniods were the major constituents present in the powdered cotyledons. A deep brown oily extract with a pleasant-sweet odour and a yield of 2.53% was obtained. The extract showed a high antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone diameter (IZD) range of 20.50 - 25.00 mm. Antimicrobial activity of the extract was bacteriostatic at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 25.00 mg/mL and bactericidal at a concentration of 50.00 mg/mL (minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)). Data obtained from GC-MS analysis showed presence of seventeen (17) components with 6 major spectral peaks; oleic acid (54.65%), n-hexadecanoic acid (13.27%), cis-9-hexadecenal (8.68%), betulin (7.23%), 2-pentanone (6.00%) and octamethyl (5.12%). The abundance of fatty acids in the cotyledons of C. albidum coupled with the observed inhibitory activities would present a potential candidate to be explored for the production of bioactive agents.","PeriodicalId":7592,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85609674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative quality assessment of six commercial brands of metronidazole infusions sold in Abuja, Nigeria 在尼日利亚阿布贾销售的六个商业品牌甲硝唑注射液的比较质量评估

American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.4314/jopat.v21i2.2

K. Mustapha, R. A. Kirim, I. Galadima, Olubukola A. Odeniran, M. Aboh, P. Oladosu

{"title":"Comparative quality assessment of six commercial brands of metronidazole infusions sold in Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"K. Mustapha, R. A. Kirim, I. Galadima, Olubukola A. Odeniran, M. Aboh, P. Oladosu","doi":"10.4314/jopat.v21i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jopat.v21i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Influx of substandard drugs as reported by the drug regulatory agency in Nigeria has necessitated the need to assess the quality of frequently used drugs of which metronidazole infusion is not exempted. Metronidazole infusion is mostly prescribed for pre and post-operative surgery to prevent infections from developing. This study was carried out to assess the quality of six commercial brands of metronidazole infusions sold in Abuja, Nigeria. Six brands of metronidazole infusions were randomly purchased from some Pharmacy stores in Abuja for chemical and microbiological assays. Five (83.3%) of the samples had percentage contents ranging from 95-110% which is within BP specification. The pH values of the whole samples were within BP specification of 4.5 to 6.0 which range from 4.9 to 5.8. The result of the microbiological analysis indicated zero colony forming unit (cfu) from all the samples, this is in conformity with official specification for parenteral formulations. Similarly, all the brands passed pyrogen test. Based on the percentage content result, five brands of the samples analyzed have been found to be fit for human use while one failed.","PeriodicalId":7592,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79621717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Common plant foods in Northern Nigeria with immuno-stimulatory properties that could mitigate the effect of COVID-19: a review. 尼日利亚北部常见的植物性食物具有免疫刺激特性，可减轻COVID-19的影响:综述

American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.4314/jopat.v21i2.8

Aisha Daburi, L. John-africa

{"title":"Common plant foods in Northern Nigeria with immuno-stimulatory properties that could mitigate the effect of COVID-19: a review.","authors":"Aisha Daburi, L. John-africa","doi":"10.4314/jopat.v21i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jopat.v21i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Plants taken as food provide the body with nutrients that strengthen the immune system. The immune system recognizes, tolerates, and resists infections or toxins by activating specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory disorder that is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. It has been reported that innate immunity plays a role in mitigating the severity of the disease, thus strengthening the immune system is paramount to resisting the infection. This study aimed to identify and document foods commonly consumed in Northern Nigeria that are claimed to possess immune-stimulatory effects. Literature of plants that are commonly used as food was studied. Data was collected from literature searches of the PubMed, PubChem, and Google Scholar databases using keywords that include immunity, immune-stimulatory, phytochemicals, and micronutrients. Thirty commonly consumed plants belonging to eighteen families were selected based on how widely used they are in the region. They are reported to contain immune-boosting phytonutrients such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and micronutrients such as Vitamin C and Zinc, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The study showed that the plants that are commonly consumed in Northern Nigeria contained phytochemicals and micronutrients, which are necessary for boosting immunity and thus could be the reason for the low COVID-19morbidity experienced in the region.","PeriodicalId":7592,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73548577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of knowledge attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance by leaders in public health pharmaceutical supply chain in Nigeria. 评估尼日利亚公共卫生药品供应链领导人对药物警戒的知识、态度和实践。

American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.4314/jopat.v21i2.13

A. Obieze, O. Adigwe, I. Ibegbunam, I. Oreagba, A. Osakwe, Chidinma C. Obieze, S. A. Raheem

{"title":"Assessment of knowledge attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance by leaders in public health pharmaceutical supply chain in Nigeria.","authors":"A. Obieze, O. Adigwe, I. Ibegbunam, I. Oreagba, A. Osakwe, Chidinma C. Obieze, S. A. Raheem","doi":"10.4314/jopat.v21i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jopat.v21i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacovigilance involves the spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADR) and ensuring the post-marketing surveillance of the quality and safety of medicines including phytomedicines and other pharmaceuticals used in the management of diseases. Its success depends on the awareness, attitude, and voluntary participation of healthcare personnel, patients, and institutions. This study aimed at examining the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of key pharmacovigilance actors in the public health pharmaceutical supply chain management in Nigeria. Consequently, a cross-sectional approach was used in the survey of 209 leaders of selected public health organizations. Purposive sampling technique was applied to administer validated semi-structured questionnaire electronically. Questions were drawn from the Nigerian national pharmacovigilance policy. Overall, response rate was 55%. Among the responders, medical doctors and medical laboratory scientists had better knowledge and practice of pharmacovigilance than pharmacists. Factors associated with practice of pharmacovigilance include awareness of policy (OR =1.90; P-value =0.1140), training provided by respondents' organizations (OR =1.34; P-value =0.4801), respondents' organization receiving periodic updates from the National Pharmacovigilance Center (OR =1.11; P-value =0.8525) and respondents independently receiving periodic updates (OR =0.83; P-value =0.7279). In conclusion, the study suggests pharmacovigilance outcomes could improve through increased awareness of the policy, training, and periodic safety communications.","PeriodicalId":7592,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84697992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation and characterization of crosslinked starch-albumin films for coating of prednisolone tablets for use in Covid-19 related respiratory disease 用于新冠肺炎相关呼吸系统疾病的强的松龙片包衣的交联淀粉-白蛋白膜的制备和表征

American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.4314/jopat.v21i2.7

P. Builders, J. John, J. Alfa, B. Mohammed

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of crosslinked starch-albumin films for coating of prednisolone tablets for use in Covid-19 related respiratory disease","authors":"P. Builders, J. John, J. Alfa, B. Mohammed","doi":"10.4314/jopat.v21i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jopat.v21i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Steroidal products have been found useful in inflammations associated with Covid 19. Prednisolone is one readily available steroid, which is often found as uncoated normal release tablets. Modified release prednisolone may be desirable in Covid 19 for sustained actions. This is expected to reduce dosing frequency and enhance compliance. This study is concerned with development of controlled release prednisolone using coating technology with bio-compatible, cross-linked starch-albumin films. Starches and proteins are excellent film formers with good flexibility, transparency, and bio-compatibility. The cross-linked starch-albumin films were prepared using glycerol as the plasticizer: starch (A), starch-albumin (B), starch-albumin cross-linked with formaldehyde at 1 % (C), 5 % (D) and 10 % (E). Equilibrium moisture sorption (EMS) at 100 % relative humidity, equilibrium swelling (ESC) in buffer solutions of pHs 2, 7 and 9, and DSC thermal properties were evaluated. In-vitro drug release from the film coated prednisolone tablets were evaluated in 0.1N HCl, water and phosphate buffer 8.0 as dissolution media. Films showed ESC in the order A>D>E>B>C; D>C>A>E>B and A>D>C>B>E in acidic, neutral and alkali media respectively. EMS was in the order B>E>A>D>C; with slight shift in the melting temperatures. In-vitro release at 240 min varied from 78 to 117 % (E>D>C>A>B); 19 to 60 % (D>B>C>E>A) and 49 to 60 % (B>A>C>D>E) in 0.1N HCl, water and PBS respectively. Cross-linking improved the stability and swelling of films. The in-vitro release in alkaline medium suggests their usefulness for controlled drug delivery. New pH-responsive polymers, with improved physicochemical properties for coating prednisolone tablets were developed.","PeriodicalId":7592,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83905273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of potential hypoglycaemic agents from Tapinanthus sessilifolius parasitic on Psidium guajava 番石榴番石榴寄生无梗Tapinanthus essessilifolius潜在降糖剂的鉴定

American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.4314/jopat.v21i2.19

F. Tarfa, J. Igoli, A. I. Gray, G. Adoga, K. S. Gamaniel

引用次数: 0

The use of common and exotic teas in managing covid-19 related symptoms 使用普通茶和异国茶来治疗covid-19相关症状

American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.4314/jopat.v21i2.9

M. Ezeunala, K. Izebe, M. Aboh, Ibrahim Ijele, N. Ibekwe, E. Ezaka, P. Oladosu, P. Adigwe

{"title":"The use of common and exotic teas in managing covid-19 related symptoms","authors":"M. Ezeunala, K. Izebe, M. Aboh, Ibrahim Ijele, N. Ibekwe, E. Ezaka, P. Oladosu, P. Adigwe","doi":"10.4314/jopat.v21i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jopat.v21i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal teas are aromatic beverages commonly prepared by pouring hot water over the cured leaves or by boiling them. They have been used as traditional medicines for decades because of their health benefits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potency of Lipton tea, Evergreen tea, Green tea, Mountain forest tea, Oolong tea, and Egret river tea in managing dry cough, vomiting, sore throat, pneumonia, diarrhea, and respiratory distress. The selected teas were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans using the agar well diffusion method. All plates were inoculated and incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. After incubation, each plate was observed for the formation of clear zones around the well. Our findings revealed that S. aureus, Strep. pyogenes, and E. coli were highly susceptible to green tea extracts. However, all the tea samples showed no activity on C. albicans. This result proffers that different varieties of common and exotic herbal teas have a great effect in suppressing related symptoms of covid-19 and therefore, may be used as adjuvants with other anti-viral and antibiotic medications when treating infection.","PeriodicalId":7592,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91483497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1