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A new unit of measurement for introductory physics lab 物理实验入门的新测量单位
IF 0.9 4区 教育学
American Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0159531
Christopher Aubin, Jan C. Bierowiec, Jackson Saunders
{"title":"A new unit of measurement for introductory physics lab","authors":"Christopher Aubin, Jan C. Bierowiec, Jackson Saunders","doi":"10.1119/5.0159531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0159531","url":null,"abstract":"In introductory physics labs, a challenge arises when students are asked to measure a well-known quantity, such as the free fall acceleration, g. Students often don't perform a proper error analysis if they already know the correct answer, and their result is “close enough.” Masking, or disguising the correct answer, as is often done in nuclear and particle physics research, encourages students to be more careful. In this paper, we introduce a new unit of measurement; in these units, students don't know what the value of g should be, leading to a more engaging and authentic scientific experience. Additionally, we instituted a mock “conference” in which students settled on a consensus value of g in this new system of units. When students quantitatively compare their measurements of an unknown quantity, it motivates them to perform a detailed error analysis. Student feedback on this reformed lab was largely positive.","PeriodicalId":7589,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141235670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Visual Elements––– Photography: A Handbook for Communicating Science and Engineering by Felice C. Frankel 视觉元素--摄影：科学与工程传播手册》，作者 Felice C. Frankel
IF 0.9 4区 教育学
American Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0216761
Ram Seshadri
{"title":"The Visual Elements––– Photography: A Handbook for Communicating Science and Engineering by Felice C. Frankel","authors":"Ram Seshadri","doi":"10.1119/5.0216761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0216761","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7589,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Born rule: Axiom or result? 天生法则：公理还是结果？
IF 0.9 4区 教育学
American Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0151405
Jay Lawrence
{"title":"The Born rule: Axiom or result?","authors":"Jay Lawrence","doi":"10.1119/5.0151405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0151405","url":null,"abstract":"The Born rule is part of the collapse axioms in the standard version of quantum theory, as presented by most textbooks on the subject. We show here that its signature quadratic dependence on the initial wavefunction's projection onto the measured outcome state follows from a single additional assumption beyond the other axioms. We give two examples of such an assumption, with a separate derivation for each, and we discuss their relationship with existing derivations. Our presentation is suitable for advanced undergraduates or graduate students who have taken a standard course in quantum theory. It does not depend on any particular interpretation of the theory.","PeriodicalId":7589,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141026757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Static dielectric response and screening in solid state physics: Why dimensionality matters in dielectrics 固体物理学中的静电介质响应和屏蔽：电介质的维度为何重要
IF 0.9 4区 教育学
American Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0122288
C. Villegas, Aider Vasquez-Marcani, Alexandre R. Rocha
{"title":"Static dielectric response and screening in solid state physics: Why dimensionality matters in dielectrics","authors":"C. Villegas, Aider Vasquez-Marcani, Alexandre R. Rocha","doi":"10.1119/5.0122288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0122288","url":null,"abstract":"Textbooks often present the phenomenon of screening within the Thomas–Fermi model for three-dimensional free electron gases, but obtaining the dielectric response function and screening potential for dielectric systems of reduced dimensionality is also of pedagogical interest. In this work, we introduce a simple approach to investigate static screening in dielectric systems in the presence of an impurity charge for different dimensionalities. This approach is applicable to semiconductors and insulators alike. We demonstrate that, in 3D systems, the macroscopic dielectric function in reciprocal space is a constant, while in 2D and 1D systems, it strongly depends on the momentum transferred to the electrons in the dielectric. Through the proposed dielectric screening model, one can also determine binding energies in a hydrogenic model that can be used to describe excitations in real semiconductor systems.","PeriodicalId":7589,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141145030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of general relativistic post-Newtonian approximations on the configuration space properties of elliptical orbital trajectories 广义相对论后牛顿近似对椭圆轨道构型空间特性的影响
IF 0.9 4区 教育学
American Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0159075
Prasenjit Bose
{"title":"Effects of general relativistic post-Newtonian approximations on the configuration space properties of elliptical orbital trajectories","authors":"Prasenjit Bose","doi":"10.1119/5.0159075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0159075","url":null,"abstract":"Post-Newtonian approximations have been successful in describing various astronomical phenomena that classical Newtonian gravity could not. One such phenomenon is the precession of the periapsis of elliptical orbits. Einstein originally solved the problem in 1916 and since then others have been applying the technique to numerous complex systems. However, not much attention has been given to studying the changes in the configuration space when switching from Newtonian to post-Newtonian mechanics. Here, we compare the sizes and topologies of the configuration spaces of both these approaches and further explore the likelihood of planetary collisions in other star systems when configuration space expansion due to general relativity is taken into account.","PeriodicalId":7589,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141028240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In this issue: May 2024 本期内容2024 年 5 月
IF 0.9 4区 教育学
American Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0210880
J. Essick, Jesse Kinder, C. Marrache-Kikuchi, Raina Olsen, B. Parks, Cameron Reed, Donald Salisbury, Todd Springer
{"title":"In this issue: May 2024","authors":"J. Essick, Jesse Kinder, C. Marrache-Kikuchi, Raina Olsen, B. Parks, Cameron Reed, Donald Salisbury, Todd Springer","doi":"10.1119/5.0210880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0210880","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7589,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141055445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Statistical physics of frictional grains: Some simple applications of the Edwards statistics 摩擦晶粒的统计物理学：爱德华兹统计的一些简单应用
IF 0.9 4区 教育学
American Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0094141
Eric Bertin
{"title":"Statistical physics of frictional grains: Some simple applications of the Edwards statistics","authors":"Eric Bertin","doi":"10.1119/5.0094141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0094141","url":null,"abstract":"Granular matter like sand is composed of a large number of interacting grains and is, thus, expected to be amenable to a statistical physics treatment. Yet, the frictional properties of grains make the statistical physics of granular matter significantly different from the equilibrium statistical physics of atomic or molecular systems. We use three simple models to illustrate some of the key concepts of the statistical physics introduced by Edwards and co-workers more than 30 years ago to describe shaken granular piles: non-interacting frictional grains attached to a wall by a spring, a chain of frictional grains connected by springs, and a simplified mean-field model of a granular packing. We observe that a chain of frictional grains connected by springs exhibits a critical point at an infinite effective temperature (i.e., infinitely strong shaking) at odds with the zero-temperature critical point generically found in one-dimensional systems at thermal equilibrium in the presence of local interactions.","PeriodicalId":7589,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141055370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Which is greater: eπ or πe? An unorthodox physical solution to a classic puzzle eπ和πe哪个更大？经典谜题的非正统物理解决方案
IF 0.9 4区 教育学
American Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0188912
Andrés Vallejo, Italo Bove
{"title":"Which is greater: eπ or πe? An unorthodox physical solution to a classic puzzle","authors":"Andrés Vallejo, Italo Bove","doi":"10.1119/5.0188912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0188912","url":null,"abstract":"The question of the title is a famous mathematical puzzle and can be addressed by several approaches. In this contribution, we present an alternative solution based on the second law of thermodynamics. The method can be extended to derive a more general result involving the exponential function.","PeriodicalId":7589,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141031109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An in-fiber Mach–Zehnder strain sensor for studying multimode interference of light 用于研究多模光干涉的纤维内马赫-泽恩德应变传感器
IF 0.9 4区 教育学
American Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0173941
Gang Zhang, Linguang Xu, Q. Ge
{"title":"An in-fiber Mach–Zehnder strain sensor for studying multimode interference of light","authors":"Gang Zhang, Linguang Xu, Q. Ge","doi":"10.1119/5.0173941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0173941","url":null,"abstract":"Multimode interference of light is an optical interference phenomenon based on waveguides, which has broad applications in optical communication, lasers, and optical fiber sensing. Since optical fiber has become the most widely used optical waveguide in modern society, multimode interference in optical fibers is an ideal candidate for projects in university teaching laboratories. Here, we implement an in-fiber Mach–Zehnder strain sensor-based experiment to study multimode interference in optical fibers. The sensor is fabricated by fusion splicing a piece of thin core fiber between two single mode fibers. One end of the thin core fiber is spliced without a core offset, while the other end is spliced with a core offset. Due to the mode field diameter mismatch and core offset, cladding modes are excited and interfere with the core mode in thin core fiber. Students can observe the sensor fabrication demonstration and perform a strain test with an optical spectrum analyzer. The wavelength spectra captured by the optical spectrum analyzer under different strains are analyzed with the signal processing tools of fast Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform filter. Students then find characteristics of the multimode interference in the sensor from the analysis. The experiment extends undergraduates' knowledge of light interference and is an instructive exercise for them in modern coherence theory.","PeriodicalId":7589,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141050862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A simple treatment of the trolley paradox 手推车悖论的简单处理方法
IF 0.9 4区 教育学
American Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0187579
Len Zane
{"title":"A simple treatment of the trolley paradox","authors":"Len Zane","doi":"10.1119/5.0187579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0187579","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7589,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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