American Journal of Microbiological Research最新文献

{"title":"Detection, Identification & Sequencing of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among Sudanese Patients","authors":"Ibrahim H.S, K. KafiS, A. Musah, Karsani M.S, Mahadi A.M","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-6-4-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-6-4-6","url":null,"abstract":"MERS-CoV virus is a newly emerged coronaviruses in KSA in 2012; followed by a lot of cases in the Middle East & other European, American & African countries. The goal of this study is to detect, identify & sequencing of MERS-CoV among Sudanese patients suffering from respiratory diseases by using the orf1a with upE gene for the virus detections. Phylogenetic analysis of upE gene of MERS-CoV was done using ViPR. MERS-CoV virus seems to be highly prevalent among Sudanese population especially among patients from Al-Shaab hospital than individuals from the International Khartoum Airport (86.8% & 12.1% vs 66.6% & 9.0%) respectively; this attributed to the fact that Al-Shaab hospital participants were symptomatic, having severe respiratory symptoms (possibly caused by coronaviruses). Phylogenetic analysis of the isolated viruses from Khartoum International Airport participant showed genetic similarity with KSA while Al-Shaab Teaching Hospital individuals showed genetic similarity with Thailand. Viral genomic were deposit in gene bank with those accession N.o: KY794400.1-KY794403.1 and MF133448-MF133457.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"64 1","pages":"181-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86838101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Thermophilic β-Glucosidase of Rhizospheric Bacterial Strain (LSKB15) Isolated from Cholistan Desert, Pakistan","authors":"Amer Ahmed, F. Nasim, K. Batool, Aasia Bibi, Salma Rafi","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-6-4-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-6-4-5","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty thermophilic bacterial strains isolated from rhizospheric soil of Cholistan desert, Pakistan, and designated as LSKB01-LSKB50 were screened for β-glucosidase gene (bgl) belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH 1) using PCR technique. Subsequently, the same strains were screened for extracellular β-glucosidase production using esculin as substrate. All fifty strains were shown to be amplified for conserved region of bgl gene and to secrete extracellular β-glucosidase. One strain (LSKB15) secreted relative high amount of this enzyme as indicating by size of ferric-esculetin precipitate. This strain was further cultivated on cellulose containing media and β-glucosidase was purified by ammonium sulfate, dialysis and gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme showed an optimal temperature of 60°C and an optimal pH of 7. It also showed excellent temperature and pH stability retaining > 90% activity after incubation for 2 h at pH 5-8 and 40-60°C. Finally, the purified enzyme was run on Native-PAGE and subsequently incubated in phosphate buffer containing 5 mM of 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucoside (4-MUG) for 15 min at 50°C and visualized by UV light as white band. We concluded that thermophilic LSKB15 β- glucosidase may work with other cellulase to degrade available cellulose synthesized by plant and the properties exhibited by it such as high temperature and pH stability pointed out its potential industrial importance.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"173-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72692132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycological and Mycotoxins Analysis of Kareish and Soft Cheese in Assiut, Egypt","authors":"A. Moharram, A. Haleem, R. Refaie","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-6-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-6-4-4","url":null,"abstract":"During the present study 80 samples of kareish (semi-soft cheese with 20% fats) and soft cheese (40 % fats) were collected Assiut City during June to December 2015. The fungal content of these samples was evaluated using Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) and Yeast Extract Malt extract (YM) agar media. The fungal count per sample ranged from 7 colonies/g in soft cheese to 44800 colonies/g in kareish cheese. the total number of fungal species in kareish cheese was slightly lower on DRBC than on YM (24 and 29 species respectively). The number of fungal species per sample fluctuated between 1-8 species with the highest being recovered from kareish cheese. Aspergillus was the most prevalent genus contaminating 45 -85 % of the samples with the highest being recovered from Kareish Cheese. Penicillium came next contaminating 20 - 47.5% of samples with white soft cheese being the most affected product. Candida, Clavispora, Klyveromyces and Pichia contaminated 2.5-65 % of samples and the highest incidence was that of Clavispora in kareish cheese. Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. aurantiogriseum and P. brevicompactum were the commonest species in cheese samples. Some yeast fungi were identified by sequencing of rRNA gene. Among the 19 species of yeasts Candida tropicalis, Clavispora lusitaniae, Pichia kudriavzevii, Pichia membranifaciens and kluyveromyces lactis were the most common. Testing the natural occurrence of aflatoxins revealed that AFM1 contaminated 55% and 50 % of kareish and soft cheese respectively whereas AFM2 was found only in 10 % of kareish cheese samples.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88458257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi Epitope Peptide Vaccine against Human Parvovirus B19 Using Immuno-Informatics Approaches","authors":"Nisreen Osman Mohammed, K. A. Abd-elrahman, Yassir A. Almofti","doi":"10.12691/ajmr-6-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-6-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is small non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus belong to genus Erythrovirus. B19V can cause erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), oligoarthritis, hydrops fetalis and a plastic crisis in patients with sickle cell anemia. A variety of vaccine strategies have been employed targeting immune responses. However their results were controversy with a limiting in availability of viral antigen. Since B19V replicates predominantly in erythroid progenitor cells of human bone marrow, this makes a peptide-based vaccines a promising strategy for development of vaccine against B19V with less allergenic and reactogenic responses. The aim of the present study was to design an efficient multi-epitope vaccine for human B19 virus using VP1 glycoprotein. Material and method: Thirty six sequences of VP1 glycoprotein were retrieved from NCBI database in December 2017 and aligned to determine the conservancy between the retrieved strains. The IEDB different analysis resources were used to predict epitopes that could act as promising peptides vaccine against parvovirus B19. The predicted epitopes were further assessed for population coverage against the whole world population. Results: The epitopes 214-PEVP-217, 675-GLHQPPP-681 and 554-SLRPGPVSQPYH-565 were found to be the most potential epitopes against B cells. For the T cell three epitopes namely 155-FRYSQLAKL-163, 302-CTISPIMGY-310 and 316-YLDFNALNL-324 showed high affinity to MHC-I alleles. The epitopes (core) 155-FRYSQLAKL-163, 438-FYVLEHSSF-446 and 404-WVYFPPQYA-412 showed high affinity to interact with MHC-II alleles. 155-FRYSQLAKL-163 and 438-FYVLEHSSF-446 showed high coverage for whole world population with percentage of 99.73% and 94.85% respectively. Conclusion: This study proposed eight epitopes for B and T cells that could be a powerful multi epitope vaccine against B19V. Particular concern directed towards the epitope 155-FRYSQLAKL-163 which demonstrated merits by reacting efficiently with both MHC-I and MHC-II alleles. Clinical trial is required to proof the efficacy of these epitopes as promising candidate vaccine against parvovirus B19.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"140-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86656619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi Epitope Based Peptide Vaccine against Marek’s Disease Virus Serotype 1 Glycoprotein H and B","authors":"S. Bashir, K. A. Abd-elrahman, Mohammed A Hassan, Yassir A. Almofti","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-6-4-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-6-4-2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Marek’s disease (MD) is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV). It causes economic losses in poultry industry estimated to be more than 1 billion per year. The aim of this study was to design a peptide vaccine against Marek’s disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1) by targeting the Glycoproteins H and B as an immunogens to stimulate protective immune response. A total of 43 Glycoprotein H and 33 glycoprotein B of Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (MDV-1) were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (NCBI) in the 13th of October 2017. Several tests at Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) were used to detect the highly conserved immunogenic epitopes that elicit B and T cells and could be used as efficient vaccine candidates. In our results three epitopes from glycoprotein H namely; 91-FYKRPVSKLL-100, 255-LKPYEPVDKF-264, and 684-PRPL-687 and three epitopes of glycoprotein B; 162- EKQV-165, 234-YGLSPPE-240, and 363-YNDSHVK-369 were fulfilled the criteria of surface accessibility, antigenicity for becoming the most probable B cell epitope. While Four epitopes of glycoprotein H; 425-YVLRSAYAF-433, 175-LTSELTGTY-183, 476-LYYAFASIF-484, and 367-MITETLSTF-375 were addressed as potentially promising epitopes as they bound the highest number of both MHC-I and MHC-II alleles with a high binding affinity to chickens MHC-I molecule (BF2*2101) haplotype in the structural level. Also two epitopes of glycoprotein B; 598-FLFGSGYAL-606, 727-FMSNPFGAL-735 were bound with the highest number of both MHC-I and MHC-II with high binding affinity. Taken together Marek’s disease is a significant disease of poultry. We addressed epitopes from glycoprotein H and B that could act as candidates’ vaccine. To our knowledge there is no in silico epitope based vaccine for Marek’s disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1). An in vitro and in vivo application is required to prove the efficacy of the predicted epitopes as peptide vaccine.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"124-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75967203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of Phytochemicals from Eucalyptus Spp. & Withania Somnifera and Their Biological Testing","authors":"P. Gupta, Priyanka, Lingayya Hiremath, S. N. Kumar, A. K. Srivastava","doi":"10.12691/ajmr-6-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-6-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"Disease incidence and prevalence is increasing in developing countries leading to high mortality and morbidity rates. Since most of the developing countries rely on traditional plant based medicine, there is huge demand for identifying the bioactive compounds from plant origin with medicinal properties owing to their safety, availability and reduced side effects. This project focuses on extraction of two different phytochemicals from Eucalyptus Spp and Withania Somnifera. The present study narrows down on extraction of sideroxylonals from Eucalyptus Spp and withaferin A from Withania Somnifera. Formulated phloroglucinol compounds (FPC) of Eucalyptus Spp includes Sideroxylonal which possess strong antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. Withaferin A belonging to withanoloides of Withania Somnifera has potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Both the bioactive compounds are extracted from residual foliage from Eucalyptus Spp and Withania Somnifera. The extraction is optimized by using different solvents or combination of solvents in various proportions to increase yield. The extracted compound is studied for its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and characterized using FTIR analysis, TLC and HPLC analysis. Antioxidant assay performed by DPPH method and phosphomolybdenum method showed similar IC50 values for both extracts. Antimicrobial assay performed using agar disc diffusion method showed potential antimicrobial activity in both the extracts.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88082118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi Epitopes Vaccine Prediction against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus Using Immunoinformatics Approaches","authors":"Yassir A. Almofti, Khoubieb Ali Abd-elrahman, Sahar Abd Elgadir Gassmallah, Mohammed Ahmed Salih","doi":"10.12691/ajmr-6-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-6-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"225 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76996359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Commercial Honey: Antioxidant Activity","authors":"O. Agbagwa, K. Otokunefor","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-6-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-6-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to determine the therapeutic potential of commercial honey by ascertaining their antioxidant activity of four brands of (OH1, BH2, LH3 and LS4) commercial honey samples purchased from supermarkets within Choba community in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study was carried out from October 2017 to January 2018. Analysis of phenolic and flavonoids content were carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). For phenolic Florisil Column, mobile phase Toluene: cyclohexane: acetone (60:30:10) v/v, and Fluorescence detector were used with working standards of 0- 0.8 at wavelength of 765nm. Flavonoids were also analyzed by HPLC using mobile phase of 20: 10: 5 v/v and wave length of 506 nm. Results obtained from the study showed that % Vitamin E of honey sample was 0.098, 0.099, 0.105 and 0.121 while % vitamin C was highest in LS4 (0.535). % carotenoids were 0.046, 0.041, and 0.045. The highest percentage of carotenoids was in sample BH2. % proline values were 0.047, 0.067 and 0.045 particularly in two samples (LH3 & LS4). Forty-five phenolic acid of total phenolic contents obtained were 8.235, 9.632, 8.498 and 11.507 ppm with the highest value in sample LS4. Total flavonoid values obtained were 51.327, 35.687, 38.288 and 29.927 ppm. The study revealed that the high level of phenolic and flavonoid contents showed antioxidant capacity in the samples studied which were correlated to total phenol, total flavonoid content, vitamin C and E.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81733522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Mycobacteria Isolates from Buruli Ulcer Suspected Patients Reveals the Involvement of Several Mycobacteria in Chronic Skin Lesions","authors":"A. Nguetta, D CoulibalyN, C Kouamé-ElogneN, R AcquahKJ, Amon Aby Christiane, K. Kouamé, K. N’guessan, K. AboA., Kadio M.C, Yao Aubin, P. Saunderson, Kakou-Ngazoa Es, F. Ketté","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-6-3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-6-3-3","url":null,"abstract":"Buruli ulcer is a cutaneous mycobacterial disease that occurs in tropical countries in sub-Saharan Africa, South-East Asia, Australia and America. The responsible pathogen is Mycobacterium ulcerans. Cote d'Ivoire is the most affected country, with more than 30 endemic health districts reporting a large number of chronic skin lesions. The clinical forms and the severity of ulcers vary from one patient to another. Samples from suspected patients were analyzed by PCR at Pasteur Institute of Cote d'Ivoire, as recommended by WHO. IS2404 sequence was detected in 61% of cases, incriminating M. ulcerans in chronic cutaneous lesions. For the other cases the etiology was not identified, thus raising several questions. Are all reported \"Buruli ulcer\" cases really caused by M. ulcerans? Would other mycobacteria be involved in the occurrence of chronic skin lesions considered as \"Buruli ulcer\"? BU suspected patients were enrolled in endemic areas of Cote d’Ivoire. Samples were collected from cutaneous lesions and transported to the lab at +4°C in 2 ml of Middlebrook 7H9 medium supplemented by Cetylpiridium chloride. The centrifugation pellet was taken with saline buffer to perform microscopic examination and mycobacteria isolation on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. Biochemical characteristics were described by the nicotinic acid detection according to Konno protocol, by the Nitrates reduction test, by the catalase activity detection at 22° and 68°C and the Wayne's Tween 80 hydrolysis test. Genotypic characteristics were determined by PCR with 1 ml of bacterial suspension targeting the insertion sequences (IS6110, IS2404, and IS2606), the plasmid virulence genes and Miru-VNTR loci (Miru-1, VNTR 6, VNTR 19, ST-1). A total of 47 mycobacterial strains were isolated with 3 different types of colonies whose microscopic examination showed Acid-Alcohol-Resistant Bacilli. 65.9% of isolates expressed biochemical characters in favor of M. ulcerans strains and 6.4% in favor of M. marinum strains. For 29.8% of isolates, the characteristics were related to atypical mycobacterial species. The genotyping targeting the IS6110, IS2606 and IS2404 insertion sequences allowed simultaneous amplification in 53.2% of isolates. IS2404 was amplified in 93.6% of isolates; IS6110 was amplified in 74.5% of isolates and IS2606 was amplified in 70.2% of isolates. Five genotypes were identified corresponding to various species of mycobacteria: genotypes 1 and 2 accounted for 63.8% with all the 3 insertion sequences and biochemical characteristics in favor of M. ulcerans strains; genotype 4 accounted for 6.4% of isolates with insertion sequences and biochemical characteristics in favor of M. marinum strains; The strains of genotypes 3 and 5 expressed molecular and biochemical characters relating to various non-M. ulcerans mycobacteria. Virulence genes were found in 72.3% of isolates corresponding to 90% of M. ulcerans strains and 60.7% of non-M. ulcerans mycobacteria. This study confirmed the invo","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82003486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-chemical Characterization of a Pink Red-like Pigments Produced by Five New Bacterial Soil Strains Identified as Streptomyces coelicoflavus","authors":"Mouslim Assia, A. Hasnaa, M. Sara, Mouslim Jamal, Menggad Mohammed","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-6-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-6-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"Five new strains MFB11, MFB20, MFB21, MFB23 and MFB24 of actinomycetes showed an intracellular hydrophobic pink red-like pigment production. These pigments present similar physico-chemical characteristics with anthracycline antibiotics of prodigiosin family. Nevertheless, negative antibacterial assay, Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and interaction with organic solvents analysis of these pigments revealed their difference from known anthracycline antibiotics. Morphological, biochemical and gene coding 16S RNA sequence analysis allowed identification of the producer strains as Streptomyces coelicoflavus; known to produce important aminoglycoside antibiotics and other bioactive compounds but not anthracyclines red-like pigments. The identification of the five strains and physico-chemical properties of the produced pink red-like pigments are presented in this report.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84200935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}