Multi Epitope Peptide Vaccine against Human Parvovirus B19 Using Immuno-Informatics Approaches

Abstract

Introduction: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is small non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus belong to genus Erythrovirus. B19V can cause erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), oligoarthritis, hydrops fetalis and a plastic crisis in patients with sickle cell anemia. A variety of vaccine strategies have been employed targeting immune responses. However their results were controversy with a limiting in availability of viral antigen. Since B19V replicates predominantly in erythroid progenitor cells of human bone marrow, this makes a peptide-based vaccines a promising strategy for development of vaccine against B19V with less allergenic and reactogenic responses. The aim of the present study was to design an efficient multi-epitope vaccine for human B19 virus using VP1 glycoprotein. Material and method: Thirty six sequences of VP1 glycoprotein were retrieved from NCBI database in December 2017 and aligned to determine the conservancy between the retrieved strains. The IEDB different analysis resources were used to predict epitopes that could act as promising peptides vaccine against parvovirus B19. The predicted epitopes were further assessed for population coverage against the whole world population. Results: The epitopes 214-PEVP-217, 675-GLHQPPP-681 and 554-SLRPGPVSQPYH-565 were found to be the most potential epitopes against B cells. For the T cell three epitopes namely 155-FRYSQLAKL-163, 302-CTISPIMGY-310 and 316-YLDFNALNL-324 showed high affinity to MHC-I alleles. The epitopes (core) 155-FRYSQLAKL-163, 438-FYVLEHSSF-446 and 404-WVYFPPQYA-412 showed high affinity to interact with MHC-II alleles. 155-FRYSQLAKL-163 and 438-FYVLEHSSF-446 showed high coverage for whole world population with percentage of 99.73% and 94.85% respectively. Conclusion: This study proposed eight epitopes for B and T cells that could be a powerful multi epitope vaccine against B19V. Particular concern directed towards the epitope 155-FRYSQLAKL-163 which demonstrated merits by reacting efficiently with both MHC-I and MHC-II alleles. Clinical trial is required to proof the efficacy of these epitopes as promising candidate vaccine against parvovirus B19.