American Journal of Microbiological Research最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Tea Tree oil against Pathogenic Bacteria and Comparison of Its Effectiveness with Eucalyptus Oil, Lemongrass Oil and Conventional Antibiotics","authors":"Sinthia Kabir Mumu, M. Mahboob Hossain","doi":"10.12691/ajmr-6-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-6-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80355690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Utility of Antibiotic against Uropathogen Isolated at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Dhaka City","authors":"Rashida Akter Khanam, A. Sharif, Ishrat Sharmin, S. Sarker, Hosney Jahan, Md Abdullah Yusuf","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-6-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-6-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogenic bacteria is varied with different frequency. Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity against uropathogens isolated from a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka City. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh during period of January 2016 to December 2016. Among 307 consecutive urine samples were collected from patients of UTI in the microbiology laboratory. Samples were mid-stream urine specimens obtained by clean catch method received from various outpatient departments and inpatient wards were transported to the microbiology laboratory in sterile leak proof container were processed immediately. Bacteria were isolated and identified by standard laboratory procedure. Results: Of the 307 urine samples processed 170(55.4%) gave significant growth of pathogens. The prevalence of UTI is high among females (58.2%) than males (41.8%). The commonest isolates were Escherichia coli (71.2%), Pseudomonas (12.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.6%), Acinotobactor (4.1%) and Klebsiella (1.8%). Majority (92.4%) of (uropathogens) isolates were found to be MDR. Conclusion: The study revealed that E. coli is the predominant uropathogens of UTIs.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"119 1","pages":"63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85304786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of H.pylori cagA Gene with Duodenal Ulcer & Gastric Carcinoma in Bangladeshi Patients","authors":"R. Saha, Sharmeen Ahmed, Humayun Sattar, Maksuma Begum, B. M. M. Uddin, A. Saleh, R. Miah","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-6-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-6-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prolong infection with Helicobacter pylori may lead to chronic inflammation of gastroduodenal mucosa which in turns develops into severe diseases like peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Bacterial virulence factor Cytotoxin Associated gene (cagA) is found to be responsible for developing such severe diseases in different countries. So this study was conducted to assess the relationship between occurrence of several gastroduodenal diseases and the presence of H. pylori cagA gene in Bangladeshi patients. Methods: Endoscopic gastroduodenal biopsy sample of 113 dyspeptic patients from different districts of Bangladesh were studied. H. pylori infection was detected by Rapid urease test, PCR of ureC gene and histological staining (Geimsa). Gastroduodenal disease was diagnosed by histopathological examination and cagA gene was detected by PCR. Result: H. pylori infection was identified among 48% (54/113) patients. Fifty seven percent of H. pylori infected patients were found to be cagA gene positive. cagA gene is significantly associated with Duodenal ulcer (p= .024) and Gastric carcimoma (p < .001). However, a further larger study is required to confirm this finding.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85248446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immuno-hematological Profile Trends of HIV/AIDs Patients on HAART in the South West Region of Cameroon: Retrospective Medical Report Review for Possible Stratified follow-up Pattern in Low Income Settings","authors":"S. Ako, L. Njunda, E. Akum, Pokam Thumamo Benjamin, J. C. Assob, J. Enoh, W. Bernard, Njiomegnie Gaitan Fabrice","doi":"10.12691/ajmr-6-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-6-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: If found with people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Immuno-hematological abnormalities can increase the risk of disease progression and death. Inorder to understand the pattern of the immune and hematology cells during Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, we reviewed and analyse the immune-hematological profiles of HIV patients to determine the possible parameters and patterns that could be used to follow up patients in low income setting where the access of viral load testing is still not affordable. Methodology: A descriptive hospital based cross-sectional study of 285 HIV-1/AIDS adult patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was carried out from January to May, 2015. Review of participants records was also done to obtain baseline and other progressive data. A total of Four groups were created based on the patients duration on HAART. The composition was as follows: Group I (6months - 1year), group II (>1year - 3years), group III (>3years - 5years) and group IV (>5years). After the achieve data was obtain, venous blood was collected, and the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells count measured using a flow cytometer. The level of Hemoglobin, number of Platelets, total and differential White Blood Cells were enumerated with automated hematology analyzer. Analyses was carried out to determine changes in various parameters with respect to established baseline values. Results : The pattern for CD4+ T cell at stratified baseline count between 500 cells/μl had a reversing turn, decreasing gradually among groups II, III and IV, and drastically in group I. The pattern for CD8+ T cell at stratified baseline count between 1000 cells/μl, the pattern decreased gradually from group I to IV, with group II showing a significant decrease. Also hemoglobin baseline level between 400cells/μl showed a reversing turn, with significant decreases to normal level. Furthermore eosinophil baseline at 3%, had a significant decreasing pattern from group I to IV. Leukocytes stratified baseline count at 4000 cells/ μl had a similar pattern but reversed in group III and group I. in addition neutrophil at baseline count 40% had an irregular increasing pattern from group II to group III, followed by group I and finally group IV. Conclusion: Group I profile can be used to detect early complications in patients using CD4+ T cell, hemoglobin, platelets, WBC, and neutrophils counts; while CD4+ T cell, hemoglobin, platelets, WBC, neutrophils count and CD8+ T cell baseline of >1000cells/ μL count can be used to monitor the patients’ successful treatment outcome on HAART in group II,III and IV. Starting ARV treatment with a CD4+ T cell of > 500 cells might not be advisable, we equally observed that eosinophils variation is associated with treatment duration. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to make affirmative conclusions.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73196661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary Blood Donation - Knowledge, Attitude and Practice amongst Students of Medical Schools Located in the Caribbean","authors":"A. Samira, Samith Ahmed, J. Poirier, D. Okeke, J. Chima, Veronica Bamisaye, Melody Johnson","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-6-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-6-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blood donation is one of the major concerns in the modern day society, as donated blood is lifesaving for the individuals who require it. In developing countries, the concept of voluntary blood donors is almost non-existent due to the near absence of blood donor motivation and educational programmes. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice about blood donation among medical students in two Medical schools of the Caribbean. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in private medical colleges in Dominica and St.Vincent & the Grenadines between November to December 2017. A total of 208 medical students were interviewed with the help of structured questionnaire and data analysis was performed. Results: The majority of participants had appropriate knowledge regarding the various aspects of blood donation. Attitude showed that around 92% of students were positive about blood donation. Around 81% of students showed willingness to donate blood. Conclusion: Even with an adequate knowledge about blood donation, a majority of medical students have not donated blood before. Active awareness sessions on blood donation should be organized and opportunities for blood donation should be created for the students, to ensure good quality of blood and safe modern medical care.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"42-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72792935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bacteriological Study of Dacryocystitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"A. Sivakrishna, K. Jithendhra, P. SreenivasuluReddy, G. Avinash, P. Vasundhara, T. Deepa, T. Ravikumar, M. Naidu","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-6-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-6-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"Dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimalsac and duct. It is an important cause of ocular morbidity both in children and adults. The study was conducted in Narayana Medical College Nellore. Demographic data of all patients like Age, Sex, Occupation and Socio economic status of patient, nature, duration of symptoms and other aspects mentioned in the proforma was included. Patients who had received either topical or systemic antibiotics for the past one week from their visit to the hospital were excluded. In the present study a total of 100 samples of patients were included in the study based up on inclusion criteria. Out of 100 cases under the study it is observed that the females affected were 51.43% in comparison with males 48.57%. Out of 100 cases which were obtained over a period of one year, 70 samples were culture positive and 30 samples were culture negative. Right eye involvement was noticed among 22 males (64.70%), and left eye 12 (35.30%), in females right eye involvement 12 (33.34%) and left eye involvement 24 (66.66%) was noticed. All cases or forms of Polymicrobial growth were observed in dacryocystitis. The commonest organism in acquired dacryocystitis was Staphylococcus aureus (42.8%) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (37.4%) and enterococci (8.57%). Escherichia coli was the common organism (8.57%) followed by pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.85%). Dacryocystitis was most common in females than men. Females of middle age and above had higher incidence of dacryocystitis. Left eye was involved more than right eye. Staphylococcus species were the most common pathogen followed by Escherichia coli in daryocystitis. Vancomycin, Amikacin, Imipenem and co-trimoxazole are suitable therapeutic option in dacryocystitis.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"63 1","pages":"38-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84144806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of Abscess by Non-abscess Producer Staphylococci Using Staphylococcal Fatty Acid Modifying Enzyme (FAME)","authors":"I. Raga, A. Gameel, S. M. El-Sanousi","doi":"10.12691/ajmr-6-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-6-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Stahpylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), S. warneri and S. aureus subsp. anaerobious were isolated from sheep abscess. Crude FAME was extracted from supernatant fluid of a 24hrs culture of S. aureus subsp. anaerobious grown in Trypticase Soy Broth at 37°C with continuous agitation. Fourteen heads of sheep were used. Three of them were inoculated with S. epidermidis + FAME and other three were inoculated with S. warneri + FAME. Eight animals were divided into four groups, two animals in each, used as control and inoculated with S. epidermidis, S. warneri, S. aureus subsp. anaerobious and FAME. All animals were inoculated subcutaneously at the neck region. After fourteen to eighteen days, sites inoculated with S. epidermidis + FAME, S. warneri + FAME and S. aureus subsp. anaerobious showed abscesses grossly then confirmed bateriologically and histopathologically, while those inoculated with S. epidermidis alone, S. warneri alone and FAME showed no abscess.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88865817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Recovery of Gold Metal From Untreated and Pretreated Electronic Wastes by Wild and Mutated Cyanogenic Bacillus megaterium","authors":"A. Anz","doi":"10.12691/ajmr-6-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-6-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Technology of biorecovery by Bacillus megaterium to obtain gold as a complex of gold-cyanide from electronic waste material (EWM) was done. The bacteria were subjected to pretreatment and mutation. The exist metals in solution were dissolved via the pretreatment, that way, contest for the cyanide ion from other metals was reduced. The bacteria were subjected to mutation to be able grow at pH 9, 9.5 and 10, where the pKa of HCN is 9.3, thereby, the cyanide ion concentration available for bioleaching was increased by alkaline pH. The new mutated bacteria from the pretreated EWM at 0.5% pulp density obtained gold of 17, 25 and 21% at pH 9, 9.5 and 10, respectively. Whereas the old unmutated bacteria that grow at pH 7, recovered 11%. The outcomes demonstrated that effectiveness of the mutated alkaline bacteria (B. megaterium) in gold biorecovery was more than normal physiological (pH 7).","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81078916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Transfer Factor as Immunoprotective in Mice Challenged with Mycobacteriu m tuberculosis","authors":"S. J. Bayed, A. Bolad","doi":"10.12691/ajmr-6-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-6-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Transfer Factor (TF) is an immune modulator which stimulates the cellular arm of the immune system (killer lymphocytes), activates immune cytokine synthesis and regulates immune function [1]. TF is very effective in those diseases in which CMI plays a relevant role in protection and control of the disease, such as intracellular bacterial diseases (tuberculosis) [2]. TF are low molecular weight products from immune cells that are able to transmit the ability to express delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and cell mediated immunity (CMI) from sensitized donors to non immune recipients [3]. Objectives: The aim of this experimental study is to determine the protective efficacy of transfer factor (TF) as immunotprotective for mice. Materials and methods: A total number of 82 mice were examined for their immunopotency and protective efficacy of Transfer factor (TF) against challenge dose of M. tuberculosis (107 CFU). A number of 20 mice were immunized with the attenuated strain of M. bovis, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). After 21 days of BCG spleens of 10 tuberculous mice were removed aseptically for the preparation of TF. To evaluate the effect of TF 3 groups of inbred BALB/c male mice were injected with TF and challenged with virulent M. tuberculosis, All mice with TF were tested for tuberculin skin test (TST) so as to determine susceptibility and resistance against tuberculosis, susceptible groups of mice were challenged with virulent M. tuberculosis.Followed by study of humoral response by immunization of a group of mice with immune sera and challenged with M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Followed by an experiment of group A and B for the susceptibility and resistance of the strains of mice. Results: After three weeks of observations the mice of experiment were tested for tuberculin skin test and the results were positive. Effectiveness determination of TF as protective efficacy was (83.3%). Humoral immunity response against M. tuberculosis showed negative reaction hence mortality rate was 100%, group B mice were resistant for BCG (Swiss white strain). Conclusions: The results indicated that administration of murine transfer factor (mTF) extracted and prepared from spleen of animal model (mice) as immunoprotective for challenged mice of M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) showed a better results enhanced immune response in respect to delayed type hypersensitivity, survival rate and mortality rate suggesting that efficacy of mTF as immunotherapy for tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88666247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Antioxidant Properties of Five Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Isolated from the Digestive Tract of Honey Bees","authors":"Chancel Hector Momo Kenfack, François Zambou Ngoufack, Pierre Marie Kaktcham, Y. Wang, T. Zhu, Li Yin","doi":"10.12691/AJMR-6-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMR-6-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was the evaluation of safety, adhesion and antioxidant properties of five L. plantarum strains isolated from the digestive tract of honey bees. The set of variables generated from this study was submitted to a normalized Pearson (n) Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The five L. plantarum strains showed no gelatinase activity and were checked to be non-hemolytic. They were susceptible to chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, penicillin G and tetracycline. The MICs were ranged between 1-4 µg/ml for erythromycin and resistance was observed among 80% of strains (L. plantarum H15, H21, H24, and H28). A significantly high percentage of hydrophobicity in n-hexane was observed with L. plantarum H47 (71.99±1.39) followed by L. plantarum H28 (65.68±1.49) while the highest value in the presence of chloroform, belonging L. plantarum H24 and L. plantarum H28 (28.39±0.88 and 23.58±0.68 respectively). Both the Intact Cells (ICs) and Cell-Free Supernatants (CFSs) of L. plantarum H24 strain displayed the higher percentage (p 0.05) of DPPH radical scavenging activity (76.58±0.55% and 59.13±4.01% respectively). With the HRS activity, ICs of L. plantarum H24 strain exhibited the highest (p > 0.05) activity (73.37±0.62%) whereas, the CFS of L. plantarum H47 was the best (29.49±1.28%, p > 0.05). In all-purpose, based on PCA, L. plantarum H28, and L. plantarum H24 seem to be quite promising as they possessed the best properties tested. Accordingly, they can be chosen as representative of the potential probiotic strains.","PeriodicalId":7580,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Microbiological Research","volume":"190 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85035039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}