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[Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor areas]. [室内区域的二恶英和多氯联苯]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-08-01
E Rosskamp, W Rotard
{"title":"[Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor areas].","authors":"E Rosskamp,&nbsp;W Rotard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) today belong to the most significant and widespread contaminants. They are found in soil, sewage sludge, indoor and outdoor air, in food especially of animal origin as well as in breast milk. Based on available toxicological data the Federal Health Office and the Federal Office of the Environment suggested a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for PCB of 1-3 micrograms PCB/kg body weight in 1983 and for dioxins and furans of 1-10 pg TCDD toxic equivalents/kg body weight aiming at less than 1 pg equivalent in 1985. This allows for a risk assessment of indoor air pollution (for example in kindergartens, schools etc.). As a precaution the proportional daily intake of persistent environmental contaminants via indoor air should not exceed 10% of the TDI for longer periods. Step-by-step measures should be taken if there is any over stepping.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 8-9","pages":"392-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12999386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Nonionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields]. [非电离辐射和电磁场]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-08-01
J H Bernhardt
{"title":"[Nonionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields].","authors":"J H Bernhardt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonionising radiation comprises all kinds of radiation and fields of the electromagnetic spectrum where biological matter is not ionised, as well as mechanical waves such as infrasound and ultrasound. The electromagnetic spectrum is subdivided into individual sections and includes: Static and low-frequency electric and magnetic fields including technical applications of energy with mains frequency, radio frequency fields, microwaves and optic radiation (infrared, visible light, ultraviolet radiation including laser). The following categories of persons can be affected by emissions by non-ionising radiation: Persons in the environment and in the household, workers, patients undergoing medical diagnosis or treatment. If the radiation is sufficiently intense, or if the fields are of appropriate strength, a multitude of effects can occur (depending on the type of radiation), such as heat and stimulating or irritating action, inflammations of the skin or eyes, changes in the blood picture, burns or in some cases cancer as a late sequel. The ability of radiation to penetrate into the human body, as well as the types of interaction with biological tissue, with organs and organisms, differs significantly for the various kinds of nonionising radiation. The following aspects of nonionising radiation are discussed: protection of humans against excessive sunlight rays when sunbathing and when exposed to UV radiation (e.g. in solaria); health risks of radio and microwaves (safety of microwave cookers and mobile radio units); effects on human health by electric and magnetic fields in everyday life.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 8-9","pages":"409-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12999389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Medical supervision in rescue work--systematics and personal studies]. [救援工作中的医学监督——系统与个人研究]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-08-01
K A Weber
{"title":"[Medical supervision in rescue work--systematics and personal studies].","authors":"K A Weber","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All institutions of the organised public medical emergency services are functions of public health welfare and risk defence, hence they are subjects to the public health department in a supervisory capacity. Legal definitions and standards are the pertaining framework. Systematic and qualified improvements of areal plans, organization and realization, material and personal equipment, and hygienic standards in the public medical emergency service are Supervisory tasks that have to be tackled by public health departments. Planning requires random tests and local spatial analysis. This may be performed by the public health department itself or by external institutions. Therefore, organized public medical emergency service is part of (communal) health reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 8-9","pages":"570-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12999650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Increase in the incidence of leukemia in the area of a former hazardous waste site]. [在前危险废物处置场区域白血病发病率增加]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-08-01
I Lotz, H Brand, E Greiser
{"title":"[Increase in the incidence of leukemia in the area of a former hazardous waste site].","authors":"I Lotz,&nbsp;H Brand,&nbsp;E Greiser","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An incidence study, completed in 1990, revealed a significantly increased incidence of leukaemias in the near vicinity of a hazardous waste dump. Linear regression of community incidence rates with community distance to the hazardous waste site showed negative coefficients for leukaemias and malignant lymphoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 8-9","pages":"579-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12999652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Screening for cardiovascular risk factors in public screening programs: are target groups being reached?]. [在公共筛查项目中筛查心血管危险因素:是否达到了目标人群?]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-08-01
U Kalker, S Leppek, M Peters
{"title":"[Screening for cardiovascular risk factors in public screening programs: are target groups being reached?].","authors":"U Kalker,&nbsp;S Leppek,&nbsp;M Peters","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1990 the public health department of Frankfurt organised the third \"Frankfurter Gesundheitstage\". 1875 persons took part in the voluntary public screening programme for cardiovascular risk factors. Mean age of the persons tested was 60 years. 13% of them smoked, 16% were obese. In 19% elevated blood pressure, and in 85% hypercholesterolemia (greater than 200 mg/dl) was observed (46% greater than 250 mg/dl). Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension was not known before to 444, resp. 88 persons. \"Persons at risk\" for cardiovascular disease can be reached by such a screening programme.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 8-9","pages":"604-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12999659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The status of pneumonology in German medicine at present]. 【目前德国医学中肺炎学的现状】。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-08-01
J Meier-Sydow
{"title":"[The status of pneumonology in German medicine at present].","authors":"J Meier-Sydow","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The status and ranking of pneumology in Germany is discussed in relation to the historical development, the current structure, the performance and the future tasks of this discipline. Obvious deficiencies are listed. It is concluded that pneumology is a fundamental part of internal medicine. Sufficient possibilities to specialize in pneumology are missing, and the representation of the discipline at university level is inadequate. Research aspects are not discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 8-9","pages":"517-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13000498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Therapeutic experiences in a pneumologic specialty clinic of the former East Germany]. [前东德某肺病专科诊所的治疗经验]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-08-01
H Dürschmied
{"title":"[Therapeutic experiences in a pneumologic specialty clinic of the former East Germany].","authors":"H Dürschmied","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From the viewpoint of a special clinic for pulmonary diseases in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), problems and experiences are discussed that have been coming up in connection with the treatment of patients before and after the unification of the two Germanys. In view of the large variety of pneumologic diseases, the differences in therapy and their changes are outlined only for the sociomedically most important diseases such as tuberculosis, chronic obstructive diseases of the lungs, pneumonias and cancer of the lung. There were no significant differences in respect of the fundamental principles of therapy; however, differences did exist with regard to the availability of drugs and technical equipment. Attention is drawn to the difficulties that beset both the special hospital and the patient in the course of the present reorganization of outpatient medical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 8-9","pages":"514-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13000499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Expert testimony according to the new legislation]. [根据新立法的专家证词]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-08-01
B Kiermeier
{"title":"[Expert testimony according to the new legislation].","authors":"B Kiermeier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On 1 January 1992 the new Care Act will come into force. It will abolish guardianship, and will replace both guardianship and curatorship of persons of full age with the new legal institution of placement under care. Legal interventions will be restricted to what is only absolutely necessary: persons under care are to be given help--and not deprived of their rights. Experts will be faced with new tasks and requirements. Medical diagnosis will no longer be the central focus of expert opinion. Rather, the crucial factor will be to ascertain the consequences--deficiencies and remaining capacities--of mental disease or of a physical, mental or emotional disability. The expert will be called upon to help limit the number of cases where persons are placed under care in court proceedings to what is dictated by necessity in terms of both the extent and the duration of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 8-9","pages":"522-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13000501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Health education within the scope of task development for occupational medicine]. [职业医学任务发展范围内的健康教育]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-08-01
G Ott-Gerlach, I Winter
{"title":"[Health education within the scope of task development for occupational medicine].","authors":"G Ott-Gerlach,&nbsp;I Winter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Company doctors occupy a key position when translating into reality health policy demands for occupational health promotion. Although general health education measures have been realised for a long time within the overall framework of occupational safety and health protection, industrial health officers will now have to cope with many new problems. Two examples are given to show how the demand for extending the conventional patterns of medical care by the discipline of health education is approached and translated into reality from two angles representing two basic positions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 Suppl 1 ","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12997044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Legal principles and institutional frame work of occupational medicine practice]. 【职业医学执业的法律原则与制度框架】。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-08-01
K Rehbock
{"title":"[Legal principles and institutional frame work of occupational medicine practice].","authors":"K Rehbock","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The activity of a company doctor or medical officer of an industrial enterprise forms part of a setup aiming at affording health care and protection of workers as prescribed by law in the Federal Republic of Germany. The legal framework created by the German government is quite complex and is made up of various laws and guidelines involving a wide variety of organisations and institutions. The so-called \"Arbeitssicherheitsgesetz\" (Work Safety Law) provides the legal basis for occupational medical care of workers. Basing on this law, the article describes the salient ordinances and regulations and their consequences for practical work. In particular, the working times are specified that doctors have at their disposal to discharge their multivarious duties in their advisory, medical examination and supervisory capacities. The different patterns according to which doctors can organise their work to cope with these duties, are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 Suppl 1 ","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12997603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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