Cytobiologie最新文献_第3页

The changes in ultrastructure during fertilization of the colourless flagellate Polytoma papillatum with special reference to the configural changes of their mitochondria. 无色鞭毛虫受精过程中超微结构的变化及其线粒体结构的变化。

Cytobiologie Pub Date : 1978-10-01

K P Gaffal, G J Schneider

{"title":"The changes in ultrastructure during fertilization of the colourless flagellate Polytoma papillatum with special reference to the configural changes of their mitochondria.","authors":"K P Gaffal, G J Schneider","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the morphology of the mitochondrial inventory (= chondriome), the nucleus and the flagellar apparatus during the generative (sexual) life cycle of Polytoma papillatum were examined by means of the serial sectioning technique. At the onset of copulation gametes do not differ obviously from interphase cells of the vegetative (asexual) life cycle, in that, both primarily contain one basket-shaped mitochondrion. The quadriflagellate and binucleate zygote exhibits a chondriome which consists of one large highly reticulated basket at the periphery of the zygote and 33 smaller mitochondrial units. Therefore, the basket clearly results from fusion of the two gamete chondriomes. The smaller mitochondrial fragments are either spherical to ovoid or elongated and poorly branched; they tend to occupy more central regions of the zygote. After karyogamy the mitochondrial basket disintegrates into several fragments of various shapes and sizes. Most of the mitochondrial fragments are located at the periphery. At the onset of karyogamy the nuclei and the flagellar apparatuses do not differ significantly from those of the gametes and vegetative interphase cells. The diploid nucleus, however, is characterized by: 1. many spherical bodies (diameter: ca. 200 to 600 nm) which are found both in the nucleoplasm and in the nucleolus. The major part of these bodies consists of material whose ultrastructure resembles that of the \"pars fibrosa\" in the nucleolus; 2. three deep invaginations of the nuclear membrane, two of which extend to the nucleolus; 3. an increase of nucleoplasm-filled cavities in the nucleolar \"pars granulosa\". The four flagella are considerably shortened; the basal bodies bound to the flagella have lost their striated connection and the roots have nearly completely disappeared. The results are compared with those obtained from investigations in Chlamydomonas; their significance in extranuclear genetics and in the systematics of Volvocales is discussed.","PeriodicalId":75770,"journal":{"name":"Cytobiologie","volume":"18 1","pages":"161-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11772829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of microinjected phalloidin on locomotion, protoplasmic streaming and cytoplasmic organization in Amoeba proteus and Physarum polycephalum. 微注射phalloidin对变形变形虫和多头绒泡菌运动、原生质流动和细胞质组织的影响。

Cytobiologie Pub Date : 1978-10-01

W Stockem, K Weber, J Wehland

{"title":"The influence of microinjected phalloidin on locomotion, protoplasmic streaming and cytoplasmic organization in Amoeba proteus and Physarum polycephalum.","authors":"W Stockem, K Weber, J Wehland","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Microinjected phalloidin induces both time and concentration-dependent changes in morphology and motility of amoebae and acellular slime moulds. In A. proteus injection of a 10(-3)M solution of the drug causes a separation of cortical hyaline plasma from central granular plasma. Simultaneously protoplasmic streaming and cellular locomotion are lost irreversibly. Lowering the concentration of phalloidin to 2 x 10(-4)M results in a reversible disturbance; amoebae recover after 30 to 60 minutes and show normal movement. In Ph. polycephalum the injection of a 10(-3)M solution of phalloidin into single veins induces a local gelation of the protoplasm followed by the separation of hyalo- and granuloplasm. In semi-thin and ultrathin sections the hyaline plasma regions contain a fine granular groundplasm rich in ribosomes but free of cellular organelles. The central granular plasma consists mainly of membrane-surrounded cellular compartments. The two morphologically distinct plasma regions are separated by a 0.5 to 1.0 micrometer layer of filamentous material. In A. proteus the filamentous layer is found shortly after phalloidin injection in close proximity to the plasma membrane, and consists of thin 5 to 6 nm filaments. With increasing time this layer contracts, separates from the inner plasma membrane and moves to the interior of the cell. During contraction thicker filaments with diameters of 10 to 30 nm and lengths of 300 to 500 nm are formed. The results indicate that the display and contraction of the phalloidin-induced filament layer can account for the changes observed in cellular movement and cytoplasmic organization. The resulting phenomena i.e. separation of hyaline plasma from granular plasma and changes in both the protoplasmic streaming pattern and locomotory activity of the cells, are discussed in terms of a general understanding of amoeboid movement.","PeriodicalId":75770,"journal":{"name":"Cytobiologie","volume":"18 1","pages":"114-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11911580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structure, synthesis and orientation of microfibrils. V. On the recovery of Oocystis solitaria from microtubule inhibitor treatment. 微原纤维的结构、合成和取向。五、微管抑制剂对孤卵囊虫的恢复作用。

Cytobiologie Pub Date : 1978-10-01

H Quader, I Wagenbreth, D G Robinson

{"title":"Structure, synthesis and orientation of microfibrils. V. On the recovery of Oocystis solitaria from microtubule inhibitor treatment.","authors":"H Quader, I Wagenbreth, D G Robinson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Depending on the type of the inhibitor and its concentration one can experimentally induce two forms of aberrant microfibril orientations in O. solitaria cell walls through microtubule inhibitor application. The first form, designated \"Intermediate\", is characterized by the presence of cortical microtubules together with a spiral arrangement of microfibrils. The second form, designated \"Parrallel\", shows a wall with bundles of parallel oriented microfibrils without cortical microtubules. Taking colchicine as an example for a microtubule-inhibitor the \"Parallel\" form may be obtained with 10mM and the \"Intermediate\" with 5 to 1 mM solutions. Some microtubule-inhibitors such as methylbenzimidazole-2yl-carbamate (MBC) produce the \"intermediate\" form only. The recovery of normal microfibril orientation after inhibitor treatment is dependent on three factors: a) the developmental stage--young autospores just beginning to synthesize a wall are absolutely necessary; b) the application of inhibitors with the lowest effective concentration for c) the shortest possible time. Minimal concentrations for obtaining a \"Full\" effect range from 10 mM for colchicine to 1 micrometer for amiprophosmethyl (APM) with incubation periods from 3 to 9 hours. The return to the normal microfibril orientation has been achieved in all cases except after podophyllotoxin treatment. Since APM has been claimed to act selectively on tubulin synthesis in Chlamydomonas it was decided to compare the effects of this compound with cycloheximide (10 microgram/ml) on the recovery of microfibril orientation after colchicine treatment. In both cases no orientation recovery is possible although in the case of cycloheximide, synthesis of cellulose is drastically inhibited. This cycloheximide inhibition is fully reversible. During cycloheximide, but not APM, inhibition cortical microtubules return; however, due to the inhibition of cellulose synthesis itself, they cannot exert their orienting influence.","PeriodicalId":75770,"journal":{"name":"Cytobiologie","volume":"18 1","pages":"39-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11772830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isolation and biochemical properties of two types of microbody from Neurospora crassa cells. 粗神经孢子虫细胞中两类微体的分离及生化特性研究。

Cytobiologie Pub Date : 1978-10-01

R R Theimer, G Wanner, G Anding

{"title":"Isolation and biochemical properties of two types of microbody from Neurospora crassa cells.","authors":"R R Theimer, G Wanner, G Anding","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Cells of the Neurospora crassa slime mutant grown in sucrose medium exhibited low activities of glyoxysomal marker enzymes isocitrate lyase (ICL), malate synthetase (MS), and malate dehydrogenase. Transfer of the cells to a medium containing acetate as sole carbon source (\"acetate medium\") induced a strong increase in the activities of these enzymes in both the soluble and the crude particulate cell fraction. Soluble isocitrate lyase activity increased rapidly after a lag phase of about 45 minutes. Addition of 0.1 mM cycloheximide to the acetate medium 3 hours after transfer of the cells halted the rise of isocitrate lyase activity in either cell fraction, but the inhibition of the incorporation of ICL activity into the particulate cell fraction was delayed by 1 hour. Addition of 20 g/l glucose resulted in the immediate decrease of both soluble and particulate ICL activities. Transfer to acetate medium induced no change in the activities of other microbody marker enzymes such as catalase, uricase or D-amino acid oxidase. Resolution of crude homogenates of \"slime\" cells by sucrose density gradient centrifugation yielded two major protein bands: A mitochondrial band at a density of 1.180 kg/l showing maximum activites of fumarase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase, and a microbody-rich band which obviously consisted of two types of organelles with different biochemical properties. Maximum activities of ICL and MS sedimented at a density of 1.21 kg/l while the peaks of particulate uricase and catalase activities were recovered at 1.24 kg/l.","PeriodicalId":75770,"journal":{"name":"Cytobiologie","volume":"18 1","pages":"132-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11370798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Demonstration of membrane-associated and oriented microfilaments in Amoeba proteus by means of a Schiff base/glutaraldehyde fixative. 利用希夫碱/戊二醛固定物在变形虫中显示膜相关和定向微丝。

Cytobiologie Pub Date : 1978-10-01

M Hauser

引用次数: 0

Estrogen and tracheal secretion: the effect of estrogen on the epithelial secretory cells of the rat trachea. 雌激素与气管分泌:雌激素对大鼠气管上皮分泌细胞的影响。

Cytobiologie Pub Date : 1978-10-01

B Vidić, S P Kapur, D P Jenkins

{"title":"Estrogen and tracheal secretion: the effect of estrogen on the epithelial secretory cells of the rat trachea.","authors":"B Vidić, S P Kapur, D P Jenkins","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Epithelial secretory cells of the tracheal mucosa obtained from ovariectomized control and ovariectomized estrogen-treated rats were studied morphologically by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by the combined periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) staining method. A significant decrease was observed in the number of large PAS-reactive secretory cells following estrogen treatment. Concomitantly the number of the Mixed+ cells containing both weakly acid and neutral glycoproteins was found to increase significantly. A majority of the observed secretory cells exhibited either an apical protrusion loaded with secretory granules, extending to a maximum distance of 7.9 micrometer into the tracheal lumen or an apical indentation devoid of mature secretory granules, descending to 5.6 micrometer below the luminal surface. The frequency of cells exhibiting an apical indentation was significantly greater in estrogen-treated animals than in controls. The present findings indicate that estrogen treatment of ovariectomized rats results in: 1) an increase in the synthesis of weakly acid glycoprotein within tracheal secretory cells; 2) a concomitant decrease in the frequency of secretory cells containing neutral glycoprotein; and 3) a general increase in the secretion by the tracheal cells.","PeriodicalId":75770,"journal":{"name":"Cytobiologie","volume":"18 1","pages":"10-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11911579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cytochalasin B stabilises the sub-cortical actin bundles of Chara against a solution of low ionic strength. 细胞松弛素B稳定皮层下的肌动蛋白束对抗低离子强度的溶液。

Cytobiologie Pub Date : 1978-10-01

R E Williamson

引用次数: 0

Localization of a nuclear envelope-associated protein by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies against a major polypeptide from rat liver fractions enriched in nuclear envelope-associated material. 利用从富含核包膜相关物质的大鼠肝脏中提取的主要多肽抗体，通过间接免疫荧光显微镜定位核包膜相关蛋白。

Cytobiologie Pub Date : 1978-10-01

G Krohne, W W Franke, S Ely, A D'Arcy, E Jost

引用次数: 0

Morphological and autoradiographical characterization of membrane-like layers surrounding cultured fibroblasts. 培养成纤维细胞周围膜样层的形态学和放射自显影特征。

Cytobiologie Pub Date : 1978-10-01

H G Fromme, E Buddecke, K van Figura, H Kresse