Currents in alcoholism最新文献_第3页

Animal models for alcohol research. 酒精研究的动物模型。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

H L Altshuler

{"title":"Animal models for alcohol research.","authors":"H L Altshuler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Many animal models have been used for alcoholism research. No single model is suitable for all types of research about alcohol, its actions and abuse. This article surveys the varieties of models that have been used and categorizes them into classes called \"chronic\", \"reinforcement\" and \"genetic\" models and discusses the strengths, weaknesses and applications of each group. The diversity and scope of alcoholism offers unique challenges to the conduct of laboratory research with experimental animals. Animal models (AM) of the disease would have to encompass a broad range of variables No single model can incorporate all aspects of the disorder nor fulfill the needs of all research projects. Consequently, many different AM have been proposed. This review classifies those models, describes their underlying premises, experimental applications and their relative strengths and limitations. The scientific literature contains numerous examples of essentially sound experiments that lack credibility because of weaknesses in design aspects associated with the selection or use of AM. The alcoholism literature cannot be excluded from that statement. There are many examples of the inappropriate use of AM in alcoholism research and of poorly conceived attempts to use models developed for specific experimental applications in experiments requiring an entirely different approach. Furthermore, a persistent problem that is unique to alcoholism research relates to providing appropriate controls. Since alcohol (ALC) has caloric as well as pharmacological effects, dual controls must be established. The caloric effects of ALC can alter an animal's nutritional state in important ways. Therefore, studies involving more than one or two ALC doses must provide adequate controls for both the pharmacological and the non-specific nutritive effects. Unfortunately, such controls are often difficult to establish and validate.","PeriodicalId":75769,"journal":{"name":"Currents in alcoholism","volume":"8 ","pages":"343-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17857864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hypogonadism and feminization in alcoholic men: the past, present and future. 酗酒男性性腺功能减退和女性化:过去、现在和未来。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

D H Van Thiel, J S Gavaler, P K Eagon, Y B Chiao, R Lester

引用次数: 0

Hypertension and alcoholism. 高血压和酗酒

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

J A Viamontes, T Schwerdtfeger

引用次数: 0

How Americans say they drink: preliminary data from two recent national surveys. 美国人如何饮酒:来自最近两项全国性调查的初步数据。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

N Munch, M Lloyd, H Malin, J Coakley, C Kaelber

{"title":"How Americans say they drink: preliminary data from two recent national surveys.","authors":"N Munch, M Lloyd, H Malin, J Coakley, C Kaelber","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Data from two recent National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) surveys which included alcohol consumption questions are described. These surveys are the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES I), providing alcohol consumption, dietary recall, health and demographic data for over 20,000 respondents; and the Health Habits Section of the 1977 Health Interview Survey (HIS) which provides responses of 23,000 people on drinking behavior and health factors such as smoking, physical disabilities, and dietary habits. Drinking data from these surveys are limited but of sufficient accuracy to be useful for cross-classification of drinking with health, socio-economic and demographic variables. Drinking patterns correlate reasonably well with those reported in other national surveys. Selected findings show that patterns of drinking and dietary intake are similar at national and regional levels, with the South remaining the region lowest in alcohol consumption levels. Surveys consistently under-report alcohol quantities expected from sales in all regions; potential reasons for this are discussed. Highest consumption is reported by males (3 to 4 times that of females), those with European national origins, those who are working or in school (college) rather than those who are retired or keeping house, and those between 25 and 64 years old. Beer remains the beverage of choice, particularly among those who are the heaviest drinkers. The potential for future analyses of drinking behavior and its health implications is explored, and areas for further investigation are suggested. Data preparations have been completed so that information on alcohol consumption can be more readily related to medical history, medical examination, laboratory findings, disability, and health care data in these surveys.","PeriodicalId":75769,"journal":{"name":"Currents in alcoholism","volume":"8 ","pages":"233-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18353249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The stress of children's births: gender differences in the impact on alcoholics. 生育压力:性别差异对酗酒者的影响。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

E R Morrissey

{"title":"The stress of children's births: gender differences in the impact on alcoholics.","authors":"E R Morrissey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Previously reported gender differences regarding the role of discrete life change events in the onset of alcoholism are examined through a systematic evaluation of the histories of 586 alcoholics. Several methodological features of this research distinguish it from investigations reported in the past. The use of a structured, topically organized interview protocol eliminated possible biases introduced by gender differences in the tendency to attribute the onset of alcoholism to life change. The application of an actuarial analytic procedure allowed an examination of the temporal relationship between life change (births of children) and the onset of alcoholism and a restriction of the period of risk for the onset of alcoholism following discrete life change to two years. The focus on a single type of life change event, births of children, reflects an established concern with the role of gynecological events in the onset of alcoholism among women and allows of the general comparisons. Results indicate that, among those ever at risk of first experiencing alcohol-related problems during the two year period following the birth of a child, males show a statistically significantly higher percentage with the onset of alcoholism during this time period than do females. The birth of a first child was found to be most strongly related to the development of problem drinking. Among males, but not among females, the birth of a first child was also found to follow the onset of alcoholism by two years in a significant number of cases.","PeriodicalId":75769,"journal":{"name":"Currents in alcoholism","volume":"8 ","pages":"301-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18353254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contextual drinking patterns of college students: the relationship between typical companion status and consumption level. 大学生情境性饮酒模式:典型同伴状态与消费水平的关系

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

T C Harford, H Wechsler, M Rohman

引用次数: 0

Serum alcohol levels and the incidence of trauma. 血清酒精水平与创伤发生率

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

M Inglese-Bieber, A E Slaby

引用次数: 0

Genetic influences on alcohol consumption and actions of alcohol. 基因对酒精消费和酒精作用的影响。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

V G Erwin, G E McClearn

{"title":"Genetic influences on alcohol consumption and actions of alcohol.","authors":"V G Erwin, G E McClearn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies, utilizing twin pairs and adoption paradymes, have demonstrated hereditary influences on alcohol drinking behavior and on the risk of alcoholism. It is well recognized that alcoholism is a complex condition involving a number of actions of alcohol and alcohol related behaviors. It is not surprising, therefore, that investigations, in man, have demonstrated individual differences in ethanol metabolism and other actions of alcohol and that these individual differences appear to be genetically influenced as well as influenced by environmental factors. Numerous studies have been conducted over the past decade which demonstrate, in animals, a genetic influence on alcohol metabolism and on the actions of alcohol. In this review, the evidence for a genetic influence on central nervous system sensitivity to the effects of alcohol have been discussed including studies with inbred strains of mice and selectively bred lines of mice and rats. The review summarizes studies which suggest a genetic influence on the acquisition of both acute and chronic tolerance to ethanol and upon the display of withdrawal symptoms following the discontinuance of chronic ethanol exposure. It is clear that heredity has ubiquitous influence on alcohol related processes and that these genetic influences are expressed at the behavioral, pharmacological and neurochemical levels.","PeriodicalId":75769,"journal":{"name":"Currents in alcoholism","volume":"8 ","pages":"405-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18092201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: a review of psychological, neuropathological and etiological factors. Wernicke-Korsakoff综合征:心理、神经病理和病因因素综述。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

N Butters

引用次数: 0

Development and reversal of tolerance and its relationship to physical dependence on ethanol in the rat. 大鼠对乙醇耐受的发展和逆转及其与生理依赖的关系。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

C Abu-Murad, R G Thurman

引用次数: 0