Currents in alcoholism最新文献_第2页

Membrane fluidity and alcohol actions. 膜流动性和酒精作用。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

R A Harris, R J Hitzemann

{"title":"Membrane fluidity and alcohol actions.","authors":"R A Harris, R J Hitzemann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have demonstrated that the ability of alcohols and other intoxicant-anesthetics to affect biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes rests in their hydrophobicity. This means that potency is determined by the ability of the drug to move from a water phase into a lipid or membrane phase. In more precise terms, anesthetic effects are correlated with the volume occupied by the anesthetic molecules within the membrane. Although the anesthetic effects, particularly the inhibition of nerve condition, have been used most frequently in establishing this correlation, the intoxicating effects (i.e., ataxia) of a series of alcohols had also been correlated with their membrane partitioning. These results suggest that the intoxicating, as well as anesthetic, effects of ethanol and related drugs are due to their penetrating into hydrophobic regions of nerve membranes. The predominant hydrophobic region of biological membranes is the \"sea\" of lipid that surrounds \"islands\" of functional proteins. This leads to the postulate that intoxicant-anesthetics alter the physical properties of membrane lipids and thus affect neuronal function. To evaluate this hypothesis, we must consider the lipid composition of brain membranes, the importance of membrane lipids in neuronal function, the techniques available for the study of membrane physical properties, and the effects of ethanol on nerve membranes.","PeriodicalId":75769,"journal":{"name":"Currents in alcoholism","volume":"8 ","pages":"379-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17344733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effectiveness of psychometric testing to identify alcoholics in a narcotic-dependent population. 心理测量测试在麻醉依赖人群中识别酗酒者的有效性。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

V Sturiano, D Korts, R Hanbury, M Cohen, G Jackson, B Stimmel

引用次数: 0

The effect of ethanol consumption during gestation on maternal-fetal amino acid metabolism in the rat. 妊娠期乙醇消耗对大鼠母胎氨基酸代谢的影响。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

G W Lin

引用次数: 0

A model for service delivery research and evaluation: management implications for alcohol, drug abuse and mental health organizations. 服务提供研究和评价模式:对酗酒、药物滥用和精神健康组织的管理影响。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

D Gregory, O H Rundell

引用次数: 0

New perspectives on the similarities and differences of alcoholism and drug abuse. 酗酒和药物滥用的异同的新观点。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

K A Keeley, J Solomon

{"title":"New perspectives on the similarities and differences of alcoholism and drug abuse.","authors":"K A Keeley, J Solomon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the similarities and differences of alcoholism and drug abuse from a biopsychosocial perspective. Special emphasis is given to newer developments. In biology, the role of endorphins and isoquinolines is considered against the more traditionally recognized clinical differences between alcohol and drug disorders. Consideration is given to psychological themes such as the utility of the addictive personality concept, the impact of more sophisticated prevention strategies, and the combined treatment of alcoholics and drug abusers. Reports from social fields include a cross-cultural view of chemical dependence and an appraisal of legal and political trends which influence chemical use and the civil rights of chemical users. Recent developments in the biologic, psychologic and social sciences have solidified the impression that the chemical dependencies, for all their differences, share a number of important characteristics. The etiology of alcoholism and drug abuse has been attributed to biopsychosocial causes, currently a widely accepted hypothesis. From one perspective, this theory could be seen as a grab bag approach, since no specific universal cause has been discovered while many have been postulated. From another aspect, the hypothesis is a rational synthesis of present knowledge which finds no one etiological factor to be either preeminent or ubiquitous. This article presents in succession an overview of the biology, psychology and sociology of chemical dependence with emphasis on integrating newer developments with familiar knowledge.","PeriodicalId":75769,"journal":{"name":"Currents in alcoholism","volume":"8 ","pages":"99-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17190083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of lithium carbonate on alcoholism in 20 male patients with concurrent major affective disorder. 碳酸锂治疗酒精中毒20例伴有严重情感性障碍的男性患者

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

L D Young, M Patel, M H Keeler

{"title":"The effect of lithium carbonate on alcoholism in 20 male patients with concurrent major affective disorder.","authors":"L D Young, M Patel, M H Keeler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Descriptively, Alcoholism and Bipolar Affective Disorders may resemble each other. Both disorders are marked by a chronic course with periods of remission and relapse and often profound affective disturbance. Since lithium carbonate has shown a remarkable efficacy in the treatment or prophylaxis of Bipolar Affective Disorder, it would be natural to hope for some similar dramatic benefit in alcoholism. Two controlled studies have been published in English in which lithium salts showed some benefits on drinking in \"depressed\" patients with alcoholism. Other studies published in the literature have been less certain but cautiously positive about some anti-alcohol effects of lithium. Favorable anecdotal reports have continued to appear, and there is every indication that lithium may be prescribed quite widely in alcoholism. It is remarkable that since lithium has a very specific therapeutic effect on mania and a much less clear effect on depression that no one has previously reported on manic (or Bipolar) patients with problem drinking or alcoholism in a systematic fashion. This lack of data may perhaps result from difficulty in locating such a population. In a previous publication, two of the present authors reported little benefit on alcohol symptoms in a small number of patients with mania who they treated for 6 or more months. In the present study, we have extended this first report to a group of 20 Bipolar or manic patients with concurrent diagnosis of alcoholism or abusive drinking, all of whom were followed on lithium for not less than one year.","PeriodicalId":75769,"journal":{"name":"Currents in alcoholism","volume":"8 ","pages":"175-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17857861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic implications of the alcohol-induced flushing phenomenon in Orientals. 东方人酒精引起的脸红现象的遗传意义。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

M P Pardo, T B Hall

引用次数: 0

Metabolite levels in gastric mucosa: influence of ethanol. 胃粘膜代谢物水平:乙醇的影响。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

R W Guynn, Y J Kuo, L L Shanbour

引用次数: 0

Physiological action tremor: a basis for understanding alcohol withdrawal tremor. 生理作用震颤:了解酒精戒断震颤的基础。

Currents in alcoholism Pub Date : 1981-01-01

S A Burgstahler, L E Wittmers, R W Petry, R S Pozos