{"title":"A radioactive and fluorescent dual modality cysteine cathepsin-B activity-based probe for the detection and treatment evaluation in rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Honghui Guo, Yanjing Chen, Lianbo Zhou, Xin Xiang, Feng He, Xingdou Chen, Wenjie Fu, Yu Long, Yunhua Wang, Xiaowei Ma","doi":"10.62347/IAED6442","DOIUrl":"10.62347/IAED6442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activated macrophages are key effector cells and specific markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cysteine cathepsin B (CTS-B) is highly expressed in macrophages and positively associated with RA activity and severity. This study aims to evaluate an activity-based multi-modality diagnostic agent, <sup>68</sup>Ga-BMX2, which targets CTS-B to visualize the arthritis activity and evaluate the treatment efficacy. A CTS-B activity-based probe, BMX2, was labeled efficiently with <sup>68</sup>Ga to produce <sup>68</sup>Ga-BMX2 for fluorescent and positron emission tomography (PET) multi-modality imaging. The affinity and specificity of BMX2 binding with the CTS-B enzyme in macrophages were determined by radioactive experiment using RAW 264.7 cell lines, with CA074 and BMX5 as the inhibitors to test the specificity of the binding. Then, PET and fluorescence imaging were acquired on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Additionally, the treatment monitoring capability of <sup>68</sup>Ga-BMX2 PET/CT imaging was tested with methotrexate (MTX). RAW 264.7 macrophage cells showed significant uptake of <sup>68</sup>Ga-BMX2. The binding of BMX2 with CTS-B in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells is time-dependent and could be blocked by CA074 and BMX5. <i>In vivo</i> optical and PET imaging showed high signals in the right hind arthritis in CIA mice from <sup>68</sup>Ga-BMX2 and BMX2 accumulated for at least 120 h. Additionally, <sup>68</sup>Ga-BMX2 signals were significantly reduced in the MTX-treated CIA mice compared to the control group. The <sup>68</sup>Ga-BMX2, a radioactive and fluorescent dual-modality diagnostic agent targeting CTS-B, demonstrated a practical approach for CIA PET and fluorescence imaging. The <sup>68</sup>Ga-BMX2 multimodality imaging could significantly monitor the treatment response in the CIA mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":7572,"journal":{"name":"American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging","volume":"14 4","pages":"261-271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11411192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shashi B Singh, Bimash B Shrestha, Om H Gandhi, Rajendra P Shah, Vaibhavi Mukhtiar, Cyrus Ayubcha, Vineet Desai, Christine E Eberts, Pranita Paudyal, Goody Jha, Anurag Singh, Yangyang Shi, Tushar Kumar
{"title":"The comparative utility of FAPI-based PET radiotracers over [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG in the assessment of malignancies.","authors":"Shashi B Singh, Bimash B Shrestha, Om H Gandhi, Rajendra P Shah, Vaibhavi Mukhtiar, Cyrus Ayubcha, Vineet Desai, Christine E Eberts, Pranita Paudyal, Goody Jha, Anurag Singh, Yangyang Shi, Tushar Kumar","doi":"10.62347/JXZI9315","DOIUrl":"10.62347/JXZI9315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a type II transmembrane serine protease overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and has been associated with poor prognosis. PET/CT imaging with radiolabeled FAP inhibitors (FAPI) is currently being studied for various malignancies. This review identifies the uses and limitations of FAPI PET/CT in malignancies and compares the advantages and disadvantages of FAPI and <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([<sup>18</sup>F]FDG). Due to high uptake, rapid clearance from the circulation, and limited uptake in normal tissue, FAPI tumor-to-background contrast ratios are equivalent to or better than [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG in most applications. In several settings, FAPI has shown greater uptake specificity than [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG and improved sensitivity in detecting lymph node, bone, and visceral tissue metastases. Therefore, FAPI PET/CT may be complementary in distinguishing pathological lesions with conventional imaging, determining the primary site of malignancy, improving tumor staging, and detecting disease recurrence, especially in patients with inconclusive [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT findings. Nevertheless, FAPI has limitations, including certain settings with non-specific uptake, modified uptake with age and menopause status, challenges with clinical access, and limited clinical evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":7572,"journal":{"name":"American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging","volume":"14 4","pages":"190-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11411191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongshun Liu, Wenpeng Huang, Yihan Yang, Weibo Cai, Zhaonan Sun
{"title":"Recent advances in imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) for quantitative assessment of multiple myeloma.","authors":"Yongshun Liu, Wenpeng Huang, Yihan Yang, Weibo Cai, Zhaonan Sun","doi":"10.62347/NLLV9295","DOIUrl":"10.62347/NLLV9295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant blood disease, but there have been significant improvements in the prognosis due to advancements in quantitative assessment and targeted therapy in recent years. The quantitative assessment of MM bone marrow infiltration and prognosis prediction is influenced by imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) quantitative parameters. At present, the primary imaging methods include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). These methods are now crucial for diagnosing MM and evaluating myeloma cell infiltration, extramedullary disease, treatment effectiveness, and prognosis. Furthermore, the utilization of AI, specifically incorporating machine learning and radiomics, shows great potential in the field of diagnosing MM and distinguishing between MM and lytic metastases. This review discusses the advancements in imaging methods, including CT, MRI, and PET/CT, as well as AI for quantitatively assessing MM. We have summarized the key concepts, advantages, limitations, and diagnostic performance of each technology. Finally, we discussed the challenges related to clinical implementation and presented our views on advancing this field, with the aim of providing guidance for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":7572,"journal":{"name":"American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging","volume":"14 4","pages":"208-229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11411189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Qin Chen, Jie Jiang, Jian Xing, Zhao-Kai Ming, Min Zhu, Quan Bao, Ming-Cheng Hu
{"title":"Hemodynamic characteristics of vertebrobasilar artery fenestration combined with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a study based on magnetic resonance angiography.","authors":"Xiao-Qin Chen, Jie Jiang, Jian Xing, Zhao-Kai Ming, Min Zhu, Quan Bao, Ming-Cheng Hu","doi":"10.62347/TLNN8316","DOIUrl":"10.62347/TLNN8316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study delves into the hemodynamic characteristics of Vertebrobasilar Artery Fenestration (VBAF) combined with Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia (VBD) using Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA). By summarizing the hemodynamic features and identifying high-risk populations, we aim to provide insights for clinical treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing MRA images as a foundation, arterial three-dimensional geometric models were constructed. A total of 22 cases were categorized into control, S, L, U, and Spiral groups, and numerical simulation analysis of the vessels was conducted using computational fluid dynamics methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hemodynamic parameters of the VBAF combined with the VBD model were obtained, including blood flow velocity, oscillatory shear stress (OSI), wall shear stress (WSS), and aneurysm formation indicator (AFI). The V, OSI, and WSS indices of the L, U, and Spiral groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). High-speed blood flow, elevated WSS, and increased OSI in these groups were concentrated at the fenestration site, with scattered distribution along the tortuous vertebral artery and basilar artery segments, accompanied by significant differences in the parameters of the bilateral vertebral arteries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This preliminary investigation identifies the L, U, and Spiral groups as high-risk populations. Abnormal hemodynamics may lead to a vicious cycle in vascular wall pathology, increasing the likelihood of adverse events such as cerebral infarction. Clinical attention should focus on individuals within these groups and their corresponding vascular regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7572,"journal":{"name":"American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging","volume":"14 4","pages":"253-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11411188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alekhya Madiraju, Abhijit Bhattaru, Truongan Pham, Anish Pundyavana, Krishna Vamsi Rojulpote, William Y Raynor, Thomas J Werner, Abass Alavi
{"title":"Current uses and understanding of PET imaging in cardiac sarcoidosis.","authors":"Alekhya Madiraju, Abhijit Bhattaru, Truongan Pham, Anish Pundyavana, Krishna Vamsi Rojulpote, William Y Raynor, Thomas J Werner, Abass Alavi","doi":"10.62347/NANX3492","DOIUrl":"10.62347/NANX3492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease with unclear etiology characterized by the accumulation of noncaseating, immune granulomas in affected tissues. In cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), white blood cells build up within the heart muscles, causing cardiac abnormalities. Accurate and early diagnosis of CS proves challenging. However, usage of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, namely <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET, has proven successful in diagnosing inflammatory cardiomyopathy. This review seeks to examine the role of PET in managing ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis. PET, in conjunction with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is also endorsed as the premier method for diagnosis and management of arrhythmias associated with CS by The Heart Rhythm Society. After a CS diagnosis, risk stratification of ventricular arrhythmias is a necessity given the potential for sudden cardiac death. <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET has been successful in monitoring disease advancement and treatment responses in CS patients. Early stages of CS are often treated with immunosuppression drugs if there are additional signs of VT. Currently, corticosteroid and anti-arrhythmia compounds: methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, infliximab, amiodarone, and azathioprine are used to suppress inflammation. <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET has certainly proven to be an incredibly useful and accurate diagnostic tool of CS. While late gadolinium enhancement by CMR is efficient in detecting myocardial necrosis and/or advanced fibrosis scarring, <sup>18</sup>F-FDG portrays the increased uptake level of glucose metabolism. In combination PET/MRI has proven to be more successful in improving the efficacy of both scans, addressing their drawbacks, and highlighting their advantages. Managing CS patients is highly involved in detecting inflammatory regions of the heart. Early recognition prevents cardiac abnormality, mainly VT and VF in CS patients, and extends lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":7572,"journal":{"name":"American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging","volume":"14 3","pages":"161-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge D Oldan, Yueh Z Lee, Kristen OIinger, Thad S Benefield, Erin T Carey, Noor D Abu-Alnadi, Steven L Young
{"title":"Fluoroestradiol PET-MRI imaging for detection of endometriosis lesions and symptom correlation.","authors":"Jorge D Oldan, Yueh Z Lee, Kristen OIinger, Thad S Benefield, Erin T Carey, Noor D Abu-Alnadi, Steven L Young","doi":"10.62347/JOQM7920","DOIUrl":"10.62347/JOQM7920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis is a common cause of infertility, pelvic pain, and dysmenorrhea and there are prior case reports of lesion detection using an 18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) tracer with positron emission tomography (PET). We aimed to further investigate the use of the FES tracer in the context of PET-magnetic resonance (PET-MR) imaging. We administered FES to 6 patients and then imaged them using a Siemens mMR PET-MR scanner. Each patient was taken to surgery within 30 days after imaging, and surgical visualization served as the gold-standard for diagnosis. PET did not prove to be as sensitive as MR (50% per-patient sensitivity versus 67% per-patient and 35% versus 48% per-lesion), and did not show any additional sites over and above MR. When MR was used to localize lesions on PET after imaging, there was insufficient evidence of an association between total tracer uptake and reported pain intensity (P=0.25). FES PET-MR offers no additional value to MR for endometriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7572,"journal":{"name":"American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging","volume":"14 3","pages":"182-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluations of [<sup>18</sup>F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 as a novel molecular probe for HER2 tumor imaging.","authors":"Ruhua Tian, Jinping Kong, Yingfang He, Guoqiang Xu, Tengxiang Chen, Junbin Han","doi":"10.62347/BVPK1360","DOIUrl":"10.62347/BVPK1360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HER2 overexpression is associated with various tumor types and prompted the development of targeted therapies. Previously, <i>iso</i>-[<sup>211</sup>At]SGMAB-5F7 was developed as a HER2-targeted alpha therapy agent, demonstrating promising therapeutic efficacy in the preclinical stage. Aiming for an <sup>18</sup>F-labeled tracer for companion diagnostics in clinical translation, we employed the Al<sup>18</sup>F-RESCA strategy in our current work and investigated whether [<sup>18</sup>F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 could visualize HER2 expression <i>in vivo</i>. [<sup>18</sup>F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 was attained with high radiochemical purity (> 99%) and molar activity in the range of 16.5 ± 8.8 GBq/μmol (n = 8). Compared to previously reported radiotracers that contained 5F7 as the HER2-targeting carrier and fluorine-18 as the positron-emitting isotope, the radiosynthesis was simplified to one single step within 30 min. The dissociation constant of [<sup>18</sup>F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 was determined as 3.3 nM <i>via</i> saturation binding assay using SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cells. Tumor uptake of the novel tracer in Balb/c nude mice bearing SKOV3 xenografts was 4.69 ± 1.51, 3.34 ± 0.82 and 3.77 ± 0.99 %ID/g at 1, 2, and 4 h post-injection. Even though high retention of radioactivity was seen in the kidneys, micro-PET/CT imaging of [<sup>18</sup>F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 delineated the tumor up to 4 h post-injection with minimal activity in the gallbladder, intestines, and bone. This study suggests that [<sup>18</sup>F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 is a promising HER2 PET radiotracer with an eased radiolabeling method. Whether [<sup>18</sup>F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 could work as a companion diagnostic agent to assist in patient stratification and treatment monitoring of <i>iso</i>-[<sup>211</sup>At]SGMAB-5F7 warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7572,"journal":{"name":"American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging","volume":"14 3","pages":"175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maija Radzina, Mara Tirane, Lilita Roznere, Liene Zemniece, Laura Dronka, Marika Kalnina, Edgars Mamis, Juergen Biederer, Vilnis Lietuvietis, Arvis Freimanis, Egils Vjaters
{"title":"Erratum: Accuracy of <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and multiparametric MRI for the detection of local tumor and lymph node metastases in early biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.","authors":"Maija Radzina, Mara Tirane, Lilita Roznere, Liene Zemniece, Laura Dronka, Marika Kalnina, Edgars Mamis, Juergen Biederer, Vilnis Lietuvietis, Arvis Freimanis, Egils Vjaters","doi":"10.62347/SUNN5303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62347/SUNN5303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 106 in vol. 10, PMID: 32419979.].</p>","PeriodicalId":7572,"journal":{"name":"American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging","volume":"14 3","pages":"189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT for identifying the causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO).","authors":"Shashi B Singh, Niki Shrestha, Sadikshya Bhandari, Suprita Shrestha, Bijay Shrestha, Neharika Shrestha, Swarnima Rijal, Rajshree Singh, Soren Hess, Thomas J Werner, Abass Alavi, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim","doi":"10.62347/OQQC6007","DOIUrl":"10.62347/OQQC6007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fever of unknown origin (FUO) continues to be a challenging diagnosis in clinical medicine. It has more than 200 known causes, including infections, autoimmune diseases, neoplasia, and other miscellaneous disorders. Despite the development of a wide range of diagnostic tools, a specific diagnostic algorithm for FUO is not yet available. However, [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT, which yields information on cellular metabolism, in addition to details of organ anatomy, has been shown to be successful in the FUO investigation. This study highlights the uses of [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT in diagnosing various causes of FUO. [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT has been increasingly used to detect septic infections, sterile inflammatory processes, and malignancies, occupying a significant portion of the known causes of FUO. It has led to a more definitive identification of the etiology of FUO and accurate clinical management. However, more in-depth studies are crucial to understanding if [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT can be used in the work-up of FUO.</p>","PeriodicalId":7572,"journal":{"name":"American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging","volume":"14 2","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11087293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghazaleh Jamalipour Soufi, Ali Hekmatnia, Farzaneh Hekmatnia, Andrew Parviz Zarei, Shamim Shafieyoon, Sara Azizollahi, Mohamad Ghazanfari Hashemi, Farshad Riahi
{"title":"Recent advancements in <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment management of HIV-related lymphoma.","authors":"Ghazaleh Jamalipour Soufi, Ali Hekmatnia, Farzaneh Hekmatnia, Andrew Parviz Zarei, Shamim Shafieyoon, Sara Azizollahi, Mohamad Ghazanfari Hashemi, Farshad Riahi","doi":"10.62347/QPAS5990","DOIUrl":"10.62347/QPAS5990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the most pressing issues facing public health on a worldwide scale. Currently, HIV-related lymphoma is the most common cause of death among people living with HIV, and warrants more attention. The unique challenges associated with HIV-related lymphoma management derive from the underlying HIV infection and its immunosuppressive effects. <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT) has gained significant prominence in the past few years as a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic instrument for the treatment of HIV-related lymphoma. This review will start with an overview of the subtypes, risk factors, and therapeutic choices for individuals with HIV-related lymphoma. We will then briefly discuss the current application of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT in the medical management of HIV-related lymphoma patients, followed by the initial staging of the disease, the evaluation of therapeutic response, the prediction of prognostic outcomes, the decision-making process for radiotherapy guided by PET findings, and the distinguishing of various diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7572,"journal":{"name":"American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging","volume":"14 2","pages":"97-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11087295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}