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British journal of preventive & social medicine最新文献

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Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? 儿童和青少年不良的生活条件是动脉硬化性心脏病的重要危险因素吗?
British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.2.91
A Forsdahl
{"title":"Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease?","authors":"A Forsdahl","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Norwegian counties show considerable variations in their rates of mortality from arteriosclerotic heart disease. These variations cannot be explained by present-day differences in standard of living. Such differences did exist in the past as was shown by large variations in infant mortality. A significant positive correlation has been found between the county age-adjusted mortality from arteriosclerotic heart disease in people aged between 40 and 69 years and county infant mortality relating to the early years in the same cohorts. The findings suggest that great poverty in childhood and adolescence followed by prosperity, is a risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 2","pages":"91-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.2.91","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12068146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 604
Bias resulting from missing information: some epidemiological findings. 信息缺失导致的偏倚:一些流行病学发现。
British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.2.131
A Cox, M Rutter, B Yule, D Quinton
{"title":"Bias resulting from missing information: some epidemiological findings.","authors":"A Cox,&nbsp;M Rutter,&nbsp;B Yule,&nbsp;D Quinton","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.2.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.2.131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biases resulting from missing information were examined in three psychiatric epidemiological studies. In each study, cases with missing information could be compared with the main sample because data were available from several sources or at several points in time through a longitudinal study. In almost all instances, cases with missing data differed systematically in terms of variables crucial to the questions being studied. In general, they tended to include a higher proportion with problems of various kinds--such as, behavioural deviance, reading backwardness, child or adult psychiatric disorder, and marital discord. The characteristics or circumstances of those giving information were generally more strongly associated with co-operation in testing or interviewing than the characteristics of those about whom information was sought. In some situations, the nature and degree of distortion resulting from missing information could lead to biased results.</p>","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 2","pages":"131-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.2.131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12069292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 133
A scoring system for sick children. 患病儿童的评分系统。
British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.2.127
M A Oyediran, H D Ziegler, M A Ojo
{"title":"A scoring system for sick children.","authors":"M A Oyediran,&nbsp;H D Ziegler,&nbsp;M A Ojo","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.2.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.2.127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A scoring chart for sick children was designed using the vital signs of temperature, respiratory and pulse rates, and the central nervous system. The scoring chart was used on 68 sick children who had been randomly selected from a child welfare clinic in Lagos. Analyses of the charts showed that although values overlapped when related to clinical impression, there was an inverse correlation with the severity of the illness. The correlation coefficient between the doctors' and nurses' scores was high. Despite the need for further modification and investigation the scoring chart was promising as a screening tool for use by people who were not doctors and, possibly in some situations, by those who were not nurses.</p>","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 2","pages":"127-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.2.127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12069291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Some behavioural changes in 493 patients after an acute myocardial infarction. 493例急性心肌梗死患者的行为改变。
British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.2.86
M Mallaghan, J Pemberton
{"title":"Some behavioural changes in 493 patients after an acute myocardial infarction.","authors":"M Mallaghan,&nbsp;J Pemberton","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.2.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.2.86","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A retrospective study of behavioural changes in 493 consecutive patients who had survived a first acute myocardial infarction was carried out. The changes in behaviour that were studied related to smoking, physical activity, and weight loss. The personalities of the patients were also studied by means of the Eysenck personality inventory to find out if there was any relationship between the personality factors, extroversion and neuroticism, and the changes in behaviour. Sixty-six per cent of the men and 59% of the women reduced or stopped smoking, 60% of the men and 81% of the women reduced their physical activity, and 67% of the men and 56% of the women lost weight. Some significant associations were found between these changes and the medical advice given, the patients' views of the value of the change in behaviour, and the severity of the illness. Personality factors as assessed were not associated with any of the observed changes, except in the case of physical activity. Those who increased or decreased their physical activity had a significantly higher mean neuroticism score than those who did not change their behaviour in this respect.</p>","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 2","pages":"86-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.2.86","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12068145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Is milk a coronary health hazard? 牛奶会危害冠状动脉健康吗?
British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.2.81
J J Segall
{"title":"Is milk a coronary health hazard?","authors":"J J Segall","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.2.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.2.81","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiological and clinical evidence is presented on an association between the quantity of milk consumed and the incidence of ischaemic heart disease. It is suggested that the daily intake of liquid milk for adults should be at most one-third of a pint (less than 0-21).</p>","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 2","pages":"81-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.2.81","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11780553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 66
Foods and diseases. 食物和疾病。
British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.2.71
E G Knox
{"title":"Foods and diseases.","authors":"E G Knox","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.2.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An examination was made of the statistical correlations between the main foodstuff and nutrient intakes and the chief causes of mortality in 20 different countries, comprising 17 in Europe, and Canada, USA, and Japan. Subsidiary examinations were made of the effects of including and excluding Japan, and of the effects of various statistical standardisation procedures. Complex food patterns were identified and related both to geographical latitude and to levels of affluence; these, in turn, were related to complex patterns of mortality. Criteria for drawing special attention to specific associations were identified, based partly on statistical significance tests and also on strength-of-association yardsticks supplied by diseases with known causes. Findings suggesting causal interpretations were: (a) alcohol intakes and cirrhosis of the liver, cancer of the mouth, and cancer of the larynx; (b) total fat intakes and multiple sclerosis, cancer of the large intestine, and cancer of the breast; and (c) beer and cancer of the rectum.</p>","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 2","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.2.71","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12068144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 115
Coronary risk factors in various occupational groups: the Oslo study. 不同职业人群的冠状动脉危险因素:奥斯陆研究。
British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.2.96
I Holme, A Helgeland, I Hjermann, P Leren, P G Lund-Larsen
{"title":"Coronary risk factors in various occupational groups: the Oslo study.","authors":"I Holme,&nbsp;A Helgeland,&nbsp;I Hjermann,&nbsp;P Leren,&nbsp;P G Lund-Larsen","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.2.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.2.96","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronary risk factors (CRF) have been recorded for nearly 15 000 men aged between 40 and 49 living in Oslo in 1972. These data are matched with the 1970 census data for Norway so as to analyse CRF within various occupational groups. A fairly good agreement between mortality statistics for Norway and CRF was found in many occupations. For instance, persons in pedagogical work have low total mortality rates consistent with their low coronary risk factors. Taxi and busdrivers, on the other hand, have been reported to have mortality rates from lung cancer and coronary heart disease consistent with their high smoking prevalence, serum triglycerides, and cholesterol levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 2","pages":"96-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.2.96","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12068147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 73
Acute respiratory illness in the community: effect of family composition, smoking, and chronic symptoms. 社区急性呼吸道疾病:家庭组成、吸烟和慢性症状的影响
British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-06-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.2.101
A S Monto, H Ross
{"title":"Acute respiratory illness in the community: effect of family composition, smoking, and chronic symptoms.","authors":"A S Monto,&nbsp;H Ross","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.2.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.2.101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory illness and infection was studied in the community of Tecumseh, Michigan, USA, during a six-year period. Acute illness was ascertained by making weekly telephone calls, and prevalent agents were identified by microbial isolation. Infection rates were determined serologically using blood specimens collected routinely at six monthly intervals from those reported to be ill. Illness rates were higher in the youngest children of families up to the age of three years than for the oldest children of the same ages. Above the age of three, the pattern was reversed. Among the adults, rates of illness were shown to relate not only to the presence, but also to the age of children in the home. Throughout this comparison, women were more likely to be ill than men in the same groups. Smoking in itself was not related to increased acute respiratory illnesses, but persons with symptoms of chronic bronchitis were found to have higher illness rates independently of whether they smoked.</p>","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 2","pages":"101-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.2.101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12069290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
An evaluation of child health clinic services in Newcastle upon Tyne during 1972-1974. 1972-1974年对泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔儿童保健诊所服务的评价。
British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-03-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.1.1
H Steiner
{"title":"An evaluation of child health clinic services in Newcastle upon Tyne during 1972-1974.","authors":"H Steiner","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The community child health clinics continued to provide an important and popular service for mothers with young children in Newcastle during 1972-1974, supplementing the primary care services of general practitioners as only a minority of them had undertaken the preventive aspects of child care. Most of the work of the community clinics was done by health visitors and it consisted of advice, support, and reassurance about the everyday problems of children. Although an appreciable amount of the work of the community doctors was developmental screening (birthday checks) most mothers consulted them about relatively minor medical complaints--such as feeding difficulties, specific developmental problems, and immunisation. There was no attempt to do a birthday check on all the children in the city and those that were done revealed few significant undetected abnormalities because most of the children had already attended clinics. In a poor area of the city, family and social problems were often found but very little consultation took place between health and social services, indicating the need for better liaison between these services. The community child health clinics will need to be maintained if general practitioners cannot provide these services and are unable to include preventive as well as curative child care within their practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12041904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Drug prescription in Iceland. 冰岛的药物处方。
British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-03-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.1.65
A Grimsson, O Olafsson
{"title":"Drug prescription in Iceland.","authors":"A Grimsson,&nbsp;O Olafsson","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.1.65","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two ad hoc surveys on drugs prescribed in Reykjavik during November 1972 and November 1974 were made. After the first survey a publicity campaign was launched and doctors were encouraged to change their prescribing habits; only minor changes in docotors' prescribing habits were noticed, although it is realised that this type of programme will require a longer period to prove its effectiveness. The surveys showed that benzodiazepines are more widely prescribed than chlorodiazepoxide. Doctors have been warned of the probable addictive effect of benzodiazepines (Grimsson et al., 1974). Drug addicts who used to go from one surgery to another have now been identified and they can only receive drugs on prescription from their own family doctor or his deputy.</p>","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"65-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.1.65","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11238694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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