British journal of preventive & social medicine最新文献

Smoking in pregnancy and low weight babies: a statistical consideration. 怀孕期间吸烟和低体重婴儿:一个统计考虑。

British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-12-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.4.272

S J Senn

{"title":"Smoking in pregnancy and low weight babies: a statistical consideration.","authors":"S J Senn","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.4.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.4.272","url":null,"abstract":"A previously published article tries to account for the higher mortality of low birth weight babies born to mothers who do not smoke by a hypothesis concerning the mean birth weights below an arbitrary level based on the nature of the normal distribution. It claims that if the birth weights of babies born to mothers either smokers or nonsmokers are distributed as normal distributions of equal variance then under certain conditions one would expect on mathematical grounds that the average weight of low weight babies would be greater if their mothers smoked than if they did not despite the fact that overall the mean birth weight of babies born to mothers who do not smoke is highest. If low weight babies born to mothers who smoke are on average heavier than those born to mothers who do not smoke the mortality of such a group (other things being equal) would be lower. However this argument is not mathematically justified and is based on a false premise since if there are two normal distributions of equal variance but different means the average value of the variable in question in any given fixed range will always be greater in the distribution with the higher mean. Thus the published article is correct in stating that in practice the difference in mean birth weights of low weight babies is likely to be small but it is incorrect in proposing that a reversal of mean weights may in certain conditions occur if birth weights are distributed normally.","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 4","pages":"272-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.4.272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11800548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Geographical variation mortality from ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales. 英格兰和威尔士缺血性心脏病死亡率的地理差异。

British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-12-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.4.245

R R West

引用次数: 7

Primary medical--whose responsibility? 初级医疗——谁的责任?

British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-12-01

引用次数: 0

Developmental and behavioural functions in young children with elevated blood lead levels. 血铅水平升高的幼儿的发育和行为功能。

British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-12-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.4.258

J M Ratcliffe

{"title":"Developmental and behavioural functions in young children with elevated blood lead levels.","authors":"J M Ratcliffe","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.4.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.4.258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood lead levels in some pre-schoolchildren living near a lead works and particularly in some children with fathers employed at the lead works showed evidence of increased exposure. Forty-seven of them took part three years later in a follow-up study of their developmental and behavioural functions. The children were aged between 4 and 5 1/2 years and were closely matched for age, sex, social class, parental education, area, and length of residence. Only three children had moved house since their blood lead levels had been examined at two years of age; these levels ranged between 18 and 64 microgram/100 ml. None of the children had clinical symptoms of plumbism. No statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) differences were found on developmental and behavioural scores when the children were divided into two groups of less than or equal to 35 microgram/100 ml (n = 23) and greater than 35 microgram/100 ml (n = 24). The differences in scores were of the same order as those between boys and girls, which were themselves generally not significant. Behaviour ratings did not differ. The variations in developmental skills were generally found to be more related to age and schooling; neither these factors nor the difference in sex was related to blood lead levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 4","pages":"258-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.4.258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11800705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Cleft lip and palate in the Oxford area. An examination of the evidence for clustering in space and time. 牛津地区的唇腭裂。对空间和时间上的聚类证据的检验。

British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-12-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.4.269

A B Heath

引用次数: 3

Why do women consult doctors? Social factors and the use of the general practitioner. 为什么女性要咨询医生?社会因素与全科医生的使用。

British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-12-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.4.220

S A Beresford, J J Waller, M H Banks, C J Wale

引用次数: 13

A study of the organisation and functioning of the obstetric services in a health district. 对保健区产科服务的组织和运作的研究。

British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-12-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.4.227

D S Parken, P G Holt, D G Williams

引用次数: 0

Perceived illness and its treatment. A naturalistic study in social medicine. 感知疾病及其治疗。社会医学的自然主义研究。

British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-12-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.4.213

H Fabrega

引用次数: 16

Incidence of diabetes mellitus in Oslo, Norway 1956-65. 1956- 1965年挪威奥斯陆的糖尿病发病率。

British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-12-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.4.251

H J Ustvedt, E Olsen

{"title":"Incidence of diabetes mellitus in Oslo, Norway 1956-65.","authors":"H J Ustvedt, E Olsen","doi":"10.1136/jech.31.4.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.31.4.251","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Oslo for the period 1925-54 (Westlund, 1966), based on a comprehensive compilation of hospital documents, has been extended to 1956-65. The incidence rates for the two periods have been compared, by taking the year of diagnosis and age at diagnosis in each case. The incidence rates for 1925-54 were revised by adding cases for this period discovered during the 1956-65 study, and showed no major changes. In particular, few new cases were found that had been diagnosed during the second world war, so that the dramatic reduction in incidence shown in Westlund's paper is not affected. The trend is fairly constant, with two exceptions: there was an increase in incidence for boys and girls younger than 10 years and a decrease for women aged between 40 and 59 years. After considering the various sources of error in such a comparison it is concluded that since 1950 there may have been a real increase in rates of diabetes in children. The decrease in rates for middle-aged women is not supported by mortality data for which statistics are given for associated as well as for underlying causes. Mortality data are however difficult to interpret, and by relying on hospital documents and death certificates considerably higher incidence rates have been presented than would have been the case had the incidence estimations been based on death certificates alone. The incidence rates in 1956-64 for children tally fairly well with those reported for Great Britain and Ireland (Bloom et al., 1975) and for northern Norway (Bratlid, 1976).","PeriodicalId":75622,"journal":{"name":"British journal of preventive & social medicine","volume":"31 4","pages":"251-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jech.31.4.251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11800704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Social group and mortality in Finland. 芬兰的社会群体和死亡率。

British journal of preventive & social medicine Pub Date : 1977-12-01 DOI: 10.1136/jech.31.4.231

S. Näyhä

引用次数: 36