Beitrage zur Pathologie最新文献

{"title":"Research on the Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix uteri by Cytophotometric and Planimetric Evaluations","authors":"R.E. Herzog","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80110-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80110-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Introduction:</em> Using cytophotometry it was possible to determine some components of the single cell. During carcinogenesis of the human cervix uteri there were found atypical values of DNA. The additional determination of RNA and histones resulted in relationship. Histones are accepted to be the stabilizers of DNA molecules. A lysine rich histone fraction was more found in heterochromatin whereas a arginine rich histone fraction seemed to be more linked to the euchromatin. It was the question of this investigation to prove these relationships during cancerization of the human cervix uteri.</p><p><em>Material and methods:</em> Smears of 19 carcinomata in situ and 24 invasive cancers were compared with 20 control patients. The following parameters were determined by cytophotometry or planimetry:</p><ul><li><span><p><em>DNA:</em> Staining with acriflavine (<span>Graumann, 1953</span>; <span>Sandritter et al., 1963</span>).</p></span></li><li><span><p><em>RNA:</em> Staining with gallocyanine-chromalum after treatment with DN-ase (<span>Novakova et al., 1969</span>).</p></span></li><li><span><p><em>Histione:</em> Staining with fastgreen pH 8.2 (Alfert et al., 1953; <span>Jobst and Sandritter, 1964</span>).</p></span></li><li><span><p><em>Arginine:</em> Staining with ninhydrine (<span>Rosselet, 1967</span>) after cytolysis (<span>Herzog, 1974</span>).</p></span></li><li><span><p><em>Lysine:</em> Staining with dansylchloride (<span>Rosselet and Ruch, 1968</span>) after cytolysis.</p></span></li><li><span><p><em>Heterochromatin, condensed histone, condensed arginine, and condensed lysine:</em> Planimetrical evaluation of the corresponding microphotographs.</p></span></li></ul><p><em>Results:</em> In the three groups of patients we found similar relationships. The mean values corresponded as well in the photometric determined values of DNA, RNA, histone, arginine, and lysine as in the planimetrical results (heterochromatin; condensed histone, arginine, and lysine). The deviation of all values of each group was in line too.</p><p><em>Discussion:</em> According to these results we believe, that the relationship between the synthesis of DNA and the one of RNA and histone is not disturbed during carcinogenesis. Simultaneously the synthesis of arginine rich and lysine rich histone fractions — compared with them of DNA and histones seems to have not been changed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"161 1","pages":"Pages 62-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80110-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12105310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcoidosis — 1977","authors":"W. Jones Williams","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80117-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80117-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sarcoidosis is defined as a multisystem disorder characterised by the finding of epithelioid cell granulomas in more than one system. Diagnosis is aided by the use of the Kveim Siltzbach skin test and the development of an “in vitro” Kmif test is discussed. Despite extensive researches the causative agent(s) remains unknown. The granulomas, morphologically, on light and electron microscopy and histochemistry may be indistinguishable from those caused by known agents. Inclusion bodies are also non specific. Central necrosis is rare, and can be usually distinguished from caseation. The close relationship between the monocyte derived, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes is emphasised. Evidence is accumulating that epithelioid cells in sarcoid type granulomas are primarily synthesising rather than phagocytic cells. The products are considered to be mucogly-coproteins and may have both local and systemic actions. Locally it is suggested that the products may be lymphokines which react with associated thymic derived (T) lymphocytes and mononuclear cells and thus play a role in perpetuating the granulomas. Epithelioid cells may also be a source of circulating T lymphocyte function depressants. It has further been suggested that epithelioid cells are the source of the raised angiotensin converting enzyme found in sarcoid sera. Study of epithelioid cell granulomas in sarcoidosis, despite the disappointing lack of evidence of a causative sarcoid agent(s), is thus of considerable interest in furthering knowledge of many diseases characterised by these curious cellular foci.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 4","pages":"Pages 325-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80117-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11414062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphologic Changes in the Adrenal Glands of Fetal and Newborn Rats Following Administration of Glucocorticoids to the Mother During Pregnancy","authors":"K. Lemmen,&nbsp;W. Maurer,&nbsp;H. Trieb,&nbsp;H. Ueberberg,&nbsp;H. Seeliger","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80119-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80119-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pregnant rats were given dexamethasone or corticosterone from the 12th to the 21st day of pregnancy. The fetuses were examined on the 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st day of pregnancy. Following spontaneous delivery further groups were examined on the 1st, 7th and 14th postnatal day. Adrenal weight and body weight were determined. The adrenals were also studied histologically. The number of nuclei/constant area and nuclear size in the zona glomerulosa and fasciculata were determined morphometrically. In addition histochemical studies of 3ß-ol-dehydrogenase activity in the adrenal cortex were done.</p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>The effects of glucocorticoid administration during pregnancy on the adrenal and body weight of the fetuses are dose-dependent. There is a distinct delay in development of adrenal and body weight in fetuses and newborns. The adrenals of the dexamethasone groups grow significantly slower than the corticosterone groups that also show a retardation of growth. There is no perinatal drop in weight in the dexamethasone groups.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>Morphometric studies of adrenal cortex pre- and postnatally show higher number of nuclei/constant area in zona glomerulosa and fasciculata indicating smaller cells. This finding is more pronounced in the dexamethasone than in the corticosterone groups. The nuclear diameters of cells of glomerulosa and fasciculata are diminished in the dexamethasone groups. Thus the nuclei show an atrophy. In the corticosterone groups on the other hand the nuclei in both cortical zones are almost always larger. Up to now we cannot explain this finding.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>Both in controls and in treated groups numerous pathologic mitoses are found in adrenal cortical cells. This finding has not been described up to now and requires further quantitative and qualitative analysis.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>The activity of 3ß-ol-dehydrogenase in the adrenal cortex of fetuses and newborns is not influenced by glucocorticoid administration.</p></span></li></ul></div><div><p>Gravide Ratten erhielten vom 12. bis zum 21. Tag der Gravidität Dexamethason oder Kortikosteron. Die Feten wurden am 18., 19., 20. und 21. Tag der Gravidität untersucht. Nach spontanen Geburten wurden weitere Gruppen am 1., 7. und 14. postnatalen Tag untersucht. Es wurde das Nebennierengewicht und das Körpergewicht ermittelt. Weiterhin wurden die Nebennieren histologisch untersucht. Morphometrisch wurde die Kernzahl/ konstante Flächeneinheit und die Kerngröße in der Zona glomerulosa und fasciculata der Nebennierenrinde bestimmt. Weiterhin wurde histochemisch die 3ß-ol-Dehydrogenase in der Nebennierenrinde untersucht.</p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>Einflüsse von Glukokortikoidgaben in der Gravidität auf die Nebennieren und das Körpergewicht der Feten sind dosisabhängig. Die Körper- und Nebennierengewichtsentwicklung bei den Feten und Neugeborenen wird deutlich gehemmt. D","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 4","pages":"Pages 361-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80119-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12085884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron Microscopy of a Ciliated Cell in the Human Stomach","authors":"K. Yamashiro ,&nbsp;H. Suzuki,&nbsp;T. Nagayo","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80121-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80121-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A ciliated cell was observed electron microscopically in a pyloric gland with intestinal metaplasia. This specimen was obtained from the gastric antrum of a 61 -year-old man suffering from gastric cancer. The cell had flask-like contour and possessed numerous cilia protruding from the free surface of a deeply indented cytoplasm into the glandular lumen. Most cilia were similar in structure to normal kinocilia and had nine peripheral doublets and two central microtubules (9 + 2 configuration). Some cilia, however, showed varying configurations, such as 9 + 0,9 + 3, or 9 + 4.</p><p>The occurence of ciliated cell in human stomach may be related to the disturbance of cellular differentiation of the gastric primordial cells during metaplastic change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 4","pages":"Pages 401-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80121-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12085887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graft-versus-Host Disease in two Newborns After Repeated Blood Transfusions Because of Rhesus Incompatibility","authors":"N. Böhm ,&nbsp;W. Kleine ,&nbsp;U. Enzel","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80120-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80120-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fatal GVHD developed in two male newborn babies, who had been treated by repeated intrauterine (only case 2) and exchange blood transfusions because of severe Rhesus incompatibility. The clinical manifestations of the disease were fever, enlargement of liver and spleen, diarrhea, exanthema, anemia, and blood eosinophilia. Both babies died at the age of three weeks. In case 2 identical HL-A antigens were found in the blood of the last donor and in the lymphocytes of the baby obtained shortly after death.</p><p>Autopsy and histologic examinations disclosed a marked atrophy of the lymphatic organs with depletion of lymphocytes, together with an hypoplastic bone marrow. Around blood vessels in the systemic connective tissue and in many organs infiltrates of eosinophilic granulocytes, histiocytes, lymphocytes and lympho-monocytoid blasts were found. The gastro-intestinal tract, the liver and the skin were predominantly affected. In addition we observed hemorrhagic necroses of lymph nodes with extreme dilatation of lymph vessels, which were occupied by mature and immature erythroid and monocytoid cells. Ringshaped fibrinoid and hemorrhagic necroses were also found in the spleen around the Malpighian corpuscles. These inflammatory and necrotizing tissue damages are attributed to local immune reactions between proliferating T-lymphocytes of the donor and tissue antigens of the host.</p><p>No primary defect of the immune system of the babies could be verified. It is therefore postulated that <em>intrauterine transfusions</em> (or an accidental materno-fetal transfusion via the placenta) <em>induced a state of nonspecific immune tolerance by exhaustion of the immature cellular immune defence mechanisms of the fetus</em>, thus allowing subsequent implants of immune competent cells not to be rejected but to proliferate and inhabit the lymphatic organs of the host. This hypothesis is supported by two facts: 1. Intrauterine and subsequent exchange transfusions are usually required to induce GVHD in primary immunologically normal babies (with Hassal's corpuscles and immune globulines shown to be present). 2. Only lymphocytes of the exchange transfusion donors and non of the intrauterine donors were found in the blood of the GVHD babies.</p><p>Both these requirements were also met in the cases of Naiman et al. (1969) and Parkman et al. (1974).</p><p>Our case 1 may have been caused by a slightly different mechanism in that instead of intrauterine transfusions, maternal blood cells had crossed the placenta and had induced a state of nonspecific fetal immune tolerance. This, however, could not be directly proven because no immunological and cytogenetic studies were performed in this case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 4","pages":"Pages 381-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80120-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11243671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Renal Cell Carcinoma in the “Nude” Mouse : Long-term Observations","authors":"P. Groscurth ,&nbsp;G. Kistler","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80118-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80118-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Renal cell carcinoma differs from other malignancies in many respects. The number of affected male individuals is three fold that of women (Bennington, 1973). The tumor grows slowly and in some cases, metastases regress after resection of the primary tumor (Goodwin et al., 1967; Garfield and Kennedy, 1972). Women, in whom a renal cell carcinoma has been diagnosed and removed during pregnancy, seem to survive longer (Fetter and Koppel, 1963; Grabstald, 1964; Anderson and Atkinson, 1973). Whether these characteristics would manifest themselves also under experimental conditions, was largely unknown. Therefore, 17 human renal cell carcinomas were implanted into thymus-dysgenetic male and female “nude” mice. This animal has been found to be a suitable model for study of malignant tumors under defined experimental conditions. The morphological findings in both the primary tumors and in the successive transplants are reported.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Animals: Nude (nu/nu) mice with the genetic background Balb/c were bred under SPF-conditions and transfered, when 4-6 weeks old, to a conventional animal room for the transplantation experiments.</p></div><div><h3>Transplantations</h3><p>Small fragments (approx. 1 X 1 X 5 mm) of the renal cell carcinomas were washed in phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.5% (w/v) Minocyclin® and implanted subcutaneously into the scapular region of 3-8 male and female “nude” mice. The animals were killed when the implants regressed or grew. The growing tumors were transfered to additional mice.</p></div><div><h3>Morphology</h3><p>Both the primary tumors and the transplants were studied by light- and electron microscopy. For light microscopy, the tissues were fixed in Bouin's solution, embedded in paraffine and stained with either hematoxilin and eosin or Azan or PAS. For electron microscopy, small fragments of the tumors were prefixed in 2.5% glutaral-dehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2) and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (buffered to pH 7.2 with 0.1 M S-collidine). After dehydratation in an ethanol series, the material was embedded in Epon. Section contrast was enhanced by uranyl acetate and lead citrate.</p></div><div><h3>In vitro studies</h3><p>Fragments of the 10th nude mouse-passage of the tumor H 1077 were minced under aseptic conditions in HAM-medium containing 15% calf serum and trypsinized. Cell suspensions were washed and dispersed in 30 ml Falcon tissue culture flasks or 30 mm Petri dishes. After 1-3 in vitro-passages, the cells were either processed for light- and electron microscopy or re-injected into nude mice.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nine implanted renal cell carcinomas (4 clear cell-type, 2 granular-cell type, and 3 mixed-cell type, see Table I) were found to regress in the nude mice after variable periods of time. The subcutaneous residual nodules consisted of a dense collagenous connective tissue, surrounded by a few granulocytes, mac","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 4","pages":"Pages 337-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80118-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12085882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Contribution to Series Sectioning of Larynx Zur Herstellung von Kehlkopfgroßserienschnitten","authors":"E. Meyer-Breiting ,&nbsp;S.E. Meyer","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80122-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80122-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A histological method for large series sectioning of larynx is described. The decalcification consists of 5% HNO₃, absolute alcohol and 0,5 chromic trioxide. The larynx is imbedded in paraplast. Sections of 6-10 μm in thickness can be cut from blocs 8 X 6 X 5 cm and stained by general histological methods. The complete procedure took only six to seven weeks.</p></div><div><p>Es wird über eine Methode zur Herstellung von Organgroßschnitten bei Kehlköpfen berichtet. Die Entkalkung erfolgt mit einem Gemisch aus 5%iger Salpetersäure, absolutem Alkohol und 0,5%iger Chromsäure. Die Einbettung wurde in Paraplast vorgenommen. Von den in der Regel 8 X 6 X 5 cm³ großen Blöcken lassen sich 5-10 μm dicke Schnitte herstellen und färben. Die Gesamtherstellungsdauer beträgt 6-7 Wochen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 4","pages":"Pages 407-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80122-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11544673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA in Non Hodgkin-Lymphoma —A Cytophotometric Study","authors":"W. Sandritter ,&nbsp;H. Grimm","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80048-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80048-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cytophotometric DNA determinations on 26 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma yielded the following findings:</p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>Follicular centrocytic/centroblastic lymphomas (M. Brill-Symmers) and diffuse centrocytic lymphomas (lymphocytic lymphosarcoma) have a diploid DNA stem line. Diploid DNA values are observed in benign tumors, so that the assignment of these lymphomas to the group of “low grade malignancies” appears justified.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>Lymphoblastic sarcomas show an aneuploid DNA stem line, as do 96% of all malignant tumors.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>Lymphoid cells, plasma cells, and immunoblasts seen in immunocytomas are aneuploid. Thus these lymphomas must belong to the group of “high-grade malignant lymphomas” as regards their DNA distribution.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>Immunoblastic sarcomas have aneuploid DNA stem lines (1 case tetraploid), in which both the lymphoid cells and the plasma cells from those immunoblastic sarcomas arising from immunocytomas show atypical DNA distribution patterns.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>In two cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, the lymphoid cells, plasma cells, and immunoblasts are aneuploid. They are thus regarded as “high grade malignancy” lymphomas.</p></span></li></ul><p>The results are discussed with respect to clinical course and prognosis. Measurements on a larger series of cases and correlation to clinical data are needed to support these results. Ultrafast DNA measurements made by flow-through cytophotometry can perhaps be helpful in the future for making the decision between a “low” or “high” grade malignant lymphoma.</p></div><div><p>Zytophotometrische DNS-Bestimmungen an 26 Fällen von Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen ergaben:</p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>Follikuläre zentrozytisch/zentroblastische Lymphome (M. Brill-Symmers) haben ebenso wie die diffusen zentrozytischen Lymphome (lymphozytisches Lymphosarkom) eine diploide DNS-Stammlinie. Diploide DNS-Werte werden in gutartigen Tumoren beobachtet, so daß die Einstufung dieser Lymphome in der Gruppe “low grade malignancy” gerechtfertigt erscheint.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>Lymphoblastische Sarkome zeigen eine aneuploide DNS-Stammlinie, wie 96% aller malignen Tumoren.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>Bei den Immunozytomen sind lymphoide Zellen und Plasmazellen ebenso wie die Immunoblasten aneuploid. Die Lymphome müßten, nach der DNS-Verteilung zu urteilen, zu den “High-grade-malignancy”-Lymphomen zu rechnen sein.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>Immunoblastische Sarkome zeigen aneuploide DNS-Stammlinien (1 Fall tetraploid), wobei auch die lymphoiden Zellen und Plasmazellen bei den immunoblastischen Sarkomen, die aus Immunozytomen entstanden sind, atypische DNS-Verteilungsmuster aufweisen.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>In zwei Fällen von angioimmunoblastischer Lymphadenopathie sind lymph","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 3","pages":"Pages 213-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80048-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11544671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Significance of Intracellular Calcium in Rat Liver Cell Damage by Carbon Tetrachloride","authors":"H. Kröner ,&nbsp;M. Planker","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80050-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80050-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Early after intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride there is an influx of calcium into the liver cell (<span>Reynolds, 1963</span>; <span>Rees, 1962</span>). A previous study (<span>Kröner, 1973</span>) showed that increased intracellular calcium level is correlating with the loosing of cytoplasmatic enzymes. On the other hand Minot (1929) and Cantarow (1938) described a protective effect of calcium against the toxic manifestation of carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Varying the rat calcium uptake by giving vitamin D₃ or calcium gluconate we studied the influence of calcium on the release of enzymes and electrolyte shift in the early phase of liver cell injury.</p></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><p>Experiments were performed with female Wistar rats, weighing 160–220 g and maintained on Altromin standard diet and water ad libitum. The rats were killed 2, 4 and 6 hours after intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg body weight). Calcium and magnesium were determined in serum and liver by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Potassium and sodium were estimated by flame photometry. The activity of alanine-transaminase and lactate-dehydrogenase in serum was determined spectrophotometrically (Biochemica Test Combination, Boehringer Mannheim GmbH). Vitamin D₃ (Bayer/Merck) diluted in olive oil was applied by stomach tube 72 hours before experiments were started. Calcium gluconate solution was given simultaneously with carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneal.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>The early rise of liver calcium after application of carbon tetrachloride was much larger in animals treated additionally with calcium gluconate or pretreated with vitamin D₃. In contrast there were no distinct differences in plasma calcium. The additional treatment further caused a lesser resp. later shift of sodium and potassium in liver and an inhibition of enzyme release. The effects are specific for carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Analysis of intracellular distribution of calcium led us to the assumption of two different phenomena for the biphasic increase of calcium in liver described by Reynolds (1964) in carbon tetrachloride poisoning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 3","pages":"Pages 245-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80050-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11414061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural and Enzyme-histochemical Studies of the Prostate of the Dog under the Effect of Estradiol","authors":"Ch. Hohbach","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80051-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80051-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prostate of 4 mature pure bred Beagles 12 months old was studied 3 weeks following a single i.m. injection of 1 mg estradiol/kg body weight by means of histochemistry (acid and alcaline phosphatase) and electron microscopy. Four 11 months old Beagles served as controls. Estradiol leads to a variable reaction of glandular epithelium. There is an atrophy of active secretory cells, probably due to an inhibition of the release of ICSH by the anterior pituitary lobe, that in turn leads to a deficiency of androgens. The residual secretory function is not sufficient for normal synthesis of secretory granules, recognizable through the decrease in electron density of secretory granules and the extensive loss of activity of acid phosphatase. Under physiologic conditions it corresponds in its localization to the amount of secretory granules lying in the apical portion of the cytoplasm.</p><p>The basal reserve cells show an ambivalence. Normally under the predominant influence of androgen they do not show any metaplasia, but they differentiate into the secretorely active epithelial cell. Without stimulation by androgens, estradiol leads to a basal cell proliferation with squamous metaplasia particularly in the dorso-lateral lobes close to the urethra. The activity of alcaline phosphatase shows a minor decrease in the capillary endothelium under estradiol. With increasing maturation of the metaplastic squamous epithelium the activity of alcaline phosphatase increases in the upper cell layer.</p></div><div><p>Die Prostata 4 geschlechtsreifer reinrassiger 12 Monate alter Beagle-Hunde wurde 3 Wochen nach 1 × Östrogenbehandlung (Östradiol 1 mg/kg KG i.m.) histochemisch (saure und alkalische Phosphatase) und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Als Kontrollen dienten vier 11 Monate alte Beagle-Hunde.</p><p>Östradiol führt zu unterschiedlicher Reaktion des Drüsenepithels. Die sekretorisch aktiven Zellen atrophieren möglicherweise durch eine zum Androgenmangel führende Hemmung der ICSH-Ausschüttung. Die sekretorische Restfunktion reicht nicht zur normalen Sekretsynthese, erkennbar am Schwund der Elektronendichte der Sekretgranula und dem weitgehenden Verlust der sauren Phosphataseaktivität. Diese ist physiologischerweise in ihrer Lokalisation der Menge im apikalen Zytoplasma liegender Sekretgranula proportional.</p><p>Die basalen Reservezellen erweisen sich als ambivalent. Normalerweise zeigen sie unter dem vorherrschenden Androgeneinfluß keine Metaplasie, sondern differenzieren sich zur sekretorisch aktiven Epithelzelle. Bei fehlendem Androgenstimulus führt Östradiol zu einer Basalzellproliferation mit Plattenepithelmetaplasie besonders in urethranahen dorsolateralen Lappenanteilen der Prostata. Die alkalische Phosphataseaktivität nimmt unter Östradiol im Kapillarendothel gering ab. Mit zunehmender Ausreifung des metaplastischen Plattenepithels nimmt die Aktivität der alkalischen Phosphatase in den oberen Epithellagen zu.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 3","pages":"Pages 260-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80051-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12083977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}