Archives d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques最新文献

{"title":"[Neuronal apoptosis in the central and peripheral nervous system in HIV infection].","authors":"H Adle-Biassette,&nbsp;L Wingertsmann,&nbsp;F J Authier,&nbsp;H Kondo,&nbsp;F Poron,&nbsp;C Héry,&nbsp;J Bell,&nbsp;M Tardieu,&nbsp;R Gherardi,&nbsp;F Gray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apart from the unique changes characteristic of \"HIV encephalitis\", the productive infection of central nervous system by HIV, which predominantly involves the white matter and basal ganglia, evidence is accumulating that the cerebral cortex may also be affected in AIDS patients. Neuronal loss, suspected at microscopic examination, has been demonstrated by a number of morphometric studies. However, the cause and mechanism of neuronal damage in HIV infection, are still unclear. In an attempt to look for an apoptotic process at the origin of neuronal loss in AIDS, we examined samples of frontal cortex, temporal cortex and basal ganglia from 12 patients who died from AIDS and 4 asymptomatic HIV-positive cases using in situ end labelling to demonstrate characteristic DNA fragmentation. These were compared with 5 asymptomatic seronegative controls, and 2 seronegative patients with Alzheimer's disease. We demonstrated neuronal apoptosis in all AIDS cases and in the Alzheimer's cases. Positive in situ end labelling was usually associated with morphological changes suggestive of neuronal apoptosis. Semiquantitative assessment of the density of apoptotic neurons showed that neuronal apoptosis was more severe in atrophic brains. In contrast, no correlation was found between the density of apoptotic neurons and the presence of HIV-encephalitis or a history of cognitive disorder. Only occasional apoptotic neurons were found in one asymptomatic, HIV-positive case. Apoptosis was never observed in asymptomatic seronegative cases. We also looked for apoptotic neurons in spinal ganglia of 20 AIDS cases, 5 of whom had a terminal sensory distal neuropathy, and 10 seronegative controls devoid of neuropathy. Apoptotic neurons were found in 6 of the AIDS patients and in none of the seronegative controls. However, no correlation was found between the severity of neuronal apoptosis in the spinal root ganglia and the presence of absence of a terminal distal sensory neuropathy. Experimental studies tend to support our in vivo findings. HIV-infection of primary cultures of human embryonic central nervous system induced frequent apoptosis of neurons. No apoptotic cell was identified in non infected control cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":75531,"journal":{"name":"Archives d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques","volume":"45 2-3","pages":"86-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20310732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cytology of malignant endometrial tumors].","authors":"S Labbé","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometrial cytology is made by direct endometrial sampling. It allows the appreciation of the hormonal status and the diagnosis of inflammatory and/or tumoral pathology. Evidence has been presented that the rate of endometrial cancer is on the increase. Thus, detection and diagnosis have acquired a new significance, where endometrial cytology takes a particular place. Cytologic features of adenocarcinomas in their different kinds are presented. Furthermore, cytologic aspects of uterine sarcomas are outlined, including leiomyosarcomas whose diagnosis can be made by the mean of endometrial cytology.</p>","PeriodicalId":75531,"journal":{"name":"Archives d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques","volume":"45 5","pages":"269-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20508791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Mucinous tumors of the ovary. Anatomo-clinical aspects, histological classification, prognostic factors and histogenesis].","authors":"H Bouzourene,&nbsp;C Y Genton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In contrast with other malignant tumors, the prognosis of malignant ovarian mucinous tumors has not been improved. In fact, their are diagnosed late and their therapy is often inadequate. The absence of consensus concerning the histological criteria of borderline tumors and mucinous carcinomas has led to diverse classifications which are often not reproducible and are also responsible for heterogeneous results concerning patient survival. Unfortunately, none of the biochemical, molecular biology or cytometric markers which have been studied up until now can be used for differential diagnosis. Another particularity of mucinous tumors consists of their association with other ovarian tumors, mural nodules which are reactive or tumor proliferations and which might influence the prognosis of the mucinous tumor, when their are malignant, and peritoneal pseudomyxoma and appendicular mucocele which give rise to problems related to their relation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75531,"journal":{"name":"Archives d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques","volume":"45 4","pages":"192-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20334890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Neuroblastoma arising in testicular teratoma].","authors":"J J Michels,&nbsp;J Peny,&nbsp;A M Peny,&nbsp;J P Droz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One case of neuroblastoma arising in an adult immature testicular teratoma is described, with multiple systemic metastases, a partial response to intensive chemotherapy and a swift recurrence leading to death. Such instances of prevailing neuroblastoma with systemic metastases, have only seldomly been reported hitherto. Because of the teratoma and the focal presence of intratubular germ cell neoplasia of unclassified type, we think this tumor must be indeed of germ cell derivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75531,"journal":{"name":"Archives d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques","volume":"45 4","pages":"230-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20336569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Central nervous system lesions in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].","authors":"F Gray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75531,"journal":{"name":"Archives d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques","volume":"45 2-3","pages":"69-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20311545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Central nervous system lesions in the early stages of HIV infection].","authors":"L Wingertsmann,&nbsp;F Chrétien,&nbsp;F J Authier,&nbsp;F Paraire,&nbsp;M Durigon,&nbsp;F Gray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early HIV-1 invasion of the central nervous system has been demonstrated by many cerebrospinal fluid studies; however, most HIV-1 carriers remain neurologically unimpaired during the so-called \"asymptomatic\" period lasting from seroconversion to symptomatic AIDS. Therefore, very few neuropathological studies have been conducted in the early pre-AIDS stages, and the natural history of central nervous system changes in HIV-1 infection remains poorly understood. Examination of brains of asymptomatic HIV-1 positive individuals who died accidentally and of rare cases with acute fatal encephalopathy revealing HIV infection, and comparison with experimental simian immunodeficiency virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections suggest that, invasion of the CNS by HIV-1 occurs at the time of primary infection and induces an immunological process in the central nervous system. This includes an inflammatory T-cell reaction with vasculitis and leptomeningitis, and immune activation of brain parenchyma with increased number of microglial cells, upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and local production of cytokines. Myelin pallor and gliosis of the white matter are usually found and are likely to be the consequence of opening of the blood-brain barrier due to vasculitis; direct damage to oligodendrocytes by cytokines may also be involved. These white matter changes may explain, at least partly, the early cerebral atrophy observed, by magnetic resonance imaging, in asymptomatic HIV-1 carriers. In contrast, cortical damage seems to be a late event in the course of HIV-1 infection. There is no significant neuronal loss at the early stages of the disease, no accompanying increase in glial fibrillary acid protein staining in the cortex, and only exceptional neuronal apoptosis. Although HIV-1 proviral DNA may be demonstrated in a number of brains, viral replication remains very low during the asymptomatic stage of HIV-1 infection. This makes it likely that, although opening of the blood brain barrier may facilitate viral entry into the brain, specific immune responses including both neutralising antibodies and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, continuously inhibit viral replication at this stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":75531,"journal":{"name":"Archives d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques","volume":"45 2-3","pages":"106-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20311572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Differential diagnosis with secondary hemophagocytic syndromes].","authors":"C Boissy,&nbsp;P Velin,&nbsp;J F Michiels,&nbsp;J Diebold,&nbsp;P Hofman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report 2 cases of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in two children, hétérozygous twins, born from consanguine parents. This disease is characterised by disseminated lymphohistiocytic infiltrates with hemophagocytosis, that most commonly involves bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, liver and central nervous system. Differential diagnosis is difficult with infection-induced hemophagocytic syndromes. The only distinguishing feature in pathology is the expression of CD21, CD30 and CD35 antigens by histiocytes. Differenciation is made by an association of clinical and pathologic characteristics: a familial history, lack of infection or neoplasm, and immunohistochemical results. Diagnostic must be rapidly made, because this disease is always fatal without treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75531,"journal":{"name":"Archives d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques","volume":"45 4","pages":"208-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20334892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cytology of renal and adrenal gland masses in adults].","authors":"B Cochand-Priollet","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) of renal masses and adrenal glands don't really differ from FNA of other sites. Nevertheless, only few series have been published on this subject, and surgery remains the most conventional attitude after the clinical and radiological diagnosis of a mass. The aim of this \"lesson\" is to demonstrate that this technique is accurate for kidneys and adrenal glands too.</p>","PeriodicalId":75531,"journal":{"name":"Archives d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques","volume":"45 5","pages":"299-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20508795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Nervous system lesions due to cytomegalovirus in AIDS].","authors":"M Baudrimont,&nbsp;A Moulignier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viral infections are observed with increasing frequency in HIV patients and one of the commonest viruses is cytomegalovirus. Clinical features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis are non specific and radiology is rarely helpful. Polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid has been shown to be useful for diagnosis of CMV encephalitis. CMV lesions in the nervous system are subdivided into six groups: Nodular encephalitis, myeloradiculitis, isolated inclusion-bearing cells, focal parenchymal necrosis, ventriculo-encephalitis and peripheral neuropathy. Clinicopathological aspects are only subdivided into four groups: Encephalitis, myelitis, myeloradiculitis and polyneuropathy. Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus encephalitis should be considered in patients with a CD4 count less than 100 cells/mm3. Recent developments in diagnostic techniques allow early recognition and more aggressive therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":75531,"journal":{"name":"Archives d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques","volume":"45 2-3","pages":"135-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20311539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Central nervous system infection due to Herpes simplex virus in AIDS].","authors":"F Chrétien,&nbsp;L Bélec,&nbsp;L Wingerstmann,&nbsp;P de Truchis,&nbsp;M Baudrimont,&nbsp;C Perronne,&nbsp;F Gray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections of the central nervous system by Herpes simplex viruses (Herpes simplex type 1 and Herpes simplex type 2) are uncommon in acquired immune deficiency syndrome and are often clinically and pathologically atypical. We have collected 11 cases of herpes simplex encephalomyelitis in AIDS patients reported in the literature. Only 3 of these cases presented with a typical, necrotizing, limbic encephalitis. Other clinicopathological patterns included ventriculitis, rhombencephalitis and myelitis. Ventriculitis and rhombencephalitis were usually due to infection by HSV-1, whereas myelitis was mostly due to HSV-2 infection. Distinction between the 2 types of virus is often difficult by immunohistochemistry due to frequent cross reactivity and usually requires tissue culture, in situ hybridization, or polymerase chain reaction. Association of HSV encephalomyelitis with productive infection of the central nervous system by the human immunodeficiency virus was only found in one case. In contrast, co-infection with cytomegalovirus was found in 9 of the 11 cases. One case also had had varicella zoster virus vasculitis, and another case also had a cerebral malignant non Hodgkin's lymphoma in which Epstein Barr virus genome was identified. This supports the view that concomitant herpes-virus infections of the central nervous system is a characteristic feature of AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":75531,"journal":{"name":"Archives d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques","volume":"45 2-3","pages":"153-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20311541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}