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[Implicit and explicit memories of odors]. [对气味的内隐和外显记忆]。
Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1989-01-01
W Wippich, S Mecklenbräuker, J Trouet
{"title":"[Implicit and explicit memories of odors].","authors":"W Wippich,&nbsp;S Mecklenbräuker,&nbsp;J Trouet","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present experiments explore whether there may be some forms of implicit memory for odors. In the first experiment, the elaborateness of olfactory encoding was varied at presentation. For (explicit) recognition memory testing we found positive effects of labeling responses to odors at encoding. Implicit memory measures (temporal and preference judgments) did not reveal reliable effects of prior odor presentation, however. The second experiment corroborated effects of levels of processing on r recognition memory. Again, perceptual or affective judgments remained insensitive for prior odor exposures. Implicit memory could only be detected with verbal measures at the testing stage (labeling accuracy or latency). These results are consistent with the proposal that odor information is represented at different levels of processing that are even with implicit memory measures only partly accessible.</p>","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"141 3","pages":"195-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13773108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The structure of resource preferences. 资源偏好结构。
Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1989-01-01
W Stangl
{"title":"The structure of resource preferences.","authors":"W Stangl","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper outlines the development and testing of the PW questionnaire (Persönliche Wunschvorstellungen-Resource Preferences)--a German version of the IWIR (Inventory of Wishes for Interpersonal Resources; Foa & Bosman, 1979). The PW is based on a taxonomy of resource classes (love, services, goods, money, information, status) proposed by resource theory (Foa & Foa, 1974). The questionnaire was administered to a stratified sample (447 subjects) for the testing of various structural propositions of resource theory. In general, the results support the predicted theoretical order of resource preferences, but the expected two-dimensional hyperstructure (concreteness, particularism) found in American studies must be eked out with an evaluative dimension. The hypothesized circumplex structure of resource classes is dominated by a general component, partly contradicting some theoretical propositions of resource theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"141 2","pages":"139-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13767990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Analysis of concepts, conditions and aims of replications]. [复制的概念、条件和目的分析]。
Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1989-01-01
K Schweizer
{"title":"[Analysis of concepts, conditions and aims of replications].","authors":"K Schweizer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are different positions regarding the definition and the function of replication which lead to several alternatives when setting out to repeat a study. Classifications proposed for replications are of heuristic value but they do not take into consideration all the important conditions. Often replications are regarded as a means to control for errors or as a means for generalizing findings. But these aims of replications are only of secondary importance to the main function of replications: the demonstration of \"scientific facts\". Only direct or \"identical\" replications may serve this purpose well.</p>","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"141 2","pages":"85-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13836315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Masculinity, femininity, and musical composition psychological and psychoendocrinological aspects of musical and spatial faculties. 男性气质，女性气质，音乐创作的心理和心理内分泌方面的音乐和空间能力。
Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1989-01-01
M Hassler, E Nieschlag
{"title":"Masculinity, femininity, and musical composition psychological and psychoendocrinological aspects of musical and spatial faculties.","authors":"M Hassler,&nbsp;E Nieschlag","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physiological and psychological masculinity and femininity were assessed in relation to musical capacities and spatial ability. Male composers had lower mean testosterone levels than male instrumentalists and male non-musicians; female composers had higher testosterone levels than female instrumentalists and female non-musicians. Testosterone in saliva was the physiological marker for androgyny. All of the groups were found to be psychologically androgynous on Bem's Sex-Role Inventory and all groups had above average spatial ability. Musicians, however, surpassed non-musicians on spatial visualization and on Witelson's Dichaptic Stimulation Test.</p>","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"141 1","pages":"71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13942267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Anticipatory and event related changes in heart rate as indicators of attention processes]. [预期和事件相关的心率变化作为注意力过程的指标]。
Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1989-01-01
H Zimmer, G Vossel, W D Fröhlich
{"title":"[Anticipatory and event related changes in heart rate as indicators of attention processes].","authors":"H Zimmer,&nbsp;G Vossel,&nbsp;W D Fröhlich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was concerned with the question of whether phasic event-related heart rate (HR) changes under easy intake conditions account for the association between anticipatory HR deceleration and task performance in a choice reaction time (RT) task with a fixed foreperiod. The task employed differed from simple RT tasks especially with regard to processing and attention demands. Subjects were required to determine as quickly and accurately as possible whether a probe, presented for 80 ms, was identical or not to one of two distinct memory items, presented at the onset of each trial. Reaction times as well as accuracy of responses were determined. The results of the present study were indicative of a reliable anticipatory HR deceleration which was related to latency of responses to the probe stimulus. Subjects with stronger decelerations reacted faster than subjects with diminished or missing decelerations. Furthermore a relation was found between this association and the heart rate changes to repeated presentations of a non-signal auditory stimulus under habituation conditions. Results were discussed in terms of differences in the regulation or control of attentional processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"141 4","pages":"251-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13630914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Objective and simulated stimulation: an empirical study of the effect of indirect suggestion on motor behavior]. [客观和模拟刺激:间接暗示对运动行为影响的实证研究]。
Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1989-01-01
V A Gheorghiu, T Gehm, D Vaitl, F J Hehl
{"title":"[Objective and simulated stimulation: an empirical study of the effect of indirect suggestion on motor behavior].","authors":"V A Gheorghiu,&nbsp;T Gehm,&nbsp;D Vaitl,&nbsp;F J Hehl","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In an experimental investigation it is demonstrated that motor behavior-in contrast to the opinion forwarded in the literature-is not only elicitable by means of direct persuasion, but also to a great extend by mere indirect suggestion, (feigning of stimuli). A differential investigation of these effects provided evidence that reactions to feigned stimuli are highly person specific and relatively homogenous concerning the respective instruments whereas objective stimuli lead to reactions relatively specific for the respective instrument applied. The findings are interpreted as an analog on to placebo-effects in the area of motor behavior. Their extend may be seen as an argument for a stronger concern with subjective reaction tendencies in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"141 2","pages":"127-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13767989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Partial report, visual matching, and search as a function of cue-delay. 部分报告，视觉匹配和搜索作为线索延迟的函数。
Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1989-01-01
T Schulz
{"title":"Partial report, visual matching, and search as a function of cue-delay.","authors":"T Schulz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three experiments are reported where a cue that was varied in time indicated a letter pair (or pairs) in a circular display with six pairs. The S had either to report letters from a pair (Exp. 1) or to decide about the equality of the letter pair (Exp. 2) or to decide about the presence of a target letter given with various delays (Exp. 3). Exp. 1 shows a short-lived partial report superiority, the loss being primarily due to adjacency errors. In Exp. 2 a short loss in the correct same decisions, but almost no loss in the correct \"differents\" was observed. In spite of its search task character, Exp. 3 showed the same loss as Exp. 1, 2. In all experiments performance recovered with the latest ISI (1 sec). The results of Exp. 1 can be explained by post-categorical accounts of the partial report (PR-) effect (loss of positional information), those of Exp. 2 by visual confusion, i. e. a precategorical account, those of Exp. 3 by neither. The results suggest that the PR-effect might be due to non-visible persistence rather but to visible persistence. A theory of early visual processing which would also explain the PR-effect is still lacking.</p>","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"141 3","pages":"213-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13773109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Heinrich Düker, a representative of German experimental psychology]. [德国实验心理学的代表人物海因里希·德<e:1>克]。
Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1988-01-01
W Traxel
{"title":"[Heinrich Düker, a representative of German experimental psychology].","authors":"W Traxel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"140 3","pages":"149-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14203008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Intensity and structure of emotions]. [情绪的强度和结构]。
Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1988-01-01
R Leichner
{"title":"[Intensity and structure of emotions].","authors":"R Leichner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"140 1","pages":"53-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14308145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Psychological characteristics of the "Düker task" or "what is achieved in performance?"]. [“完成<e:1>任务”或“在执行中获得了什么?”的心理特征]。
Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1988-01-01
H P Krüger
{"title":"[Psychological characteristics of the \"Düker task\" or \"what is achieved in performance?\"].","authors":"H P Krüger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"140 4","pages":"273-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14381194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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