Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine最新文献_第10页

Liver tumors in rodents: extrapolation to man. 啮齿动物的肝脏肿瘤:对人类的外推。

Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-039231-5.50008-5

F J Roe

{"title":"Liver tumors in rodents: extrapolation to man.","authors":"F J Roe","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-039231-5.50008-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-039231-5.50008-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Man is a poor model for the prediction of agents that are hepatocarcinogenic for laboratory rodents. Relatively few agents are known to cause any form of primary liver cancer in man. The most important is hepatitis B virus, for which there is possibly a model in the woodchuck but not one in rats or mice. The only other agents known to cause primary liver cancer in man are certain steroid hormones, vinyl chloride, and thorium dioxide. There are animal models for the first two of these and a reasonable expectation that thorium dioxide would produce liver tumors in animals if the appropriate experiments were done. Aflatoxin, a potent hepatocarcinogen in rats and other species but not mice, is strongly suspected of being an important human hepatocarcinogen in certain geographical areas of the world, but the evidence is circumstantial. There is no more than a weak association between the nutritional type of cirrhosis secondary to excessive intake of alcohol and increased primary liver cancer in man, and no evidence at all that ethanol per se causes liver tumors in mice, rats, hamsters, or mastomys. By contrast, a very large number of chemicals to which people in the West have been exposed for many decades have been found to be hepatocarcinogens in laboratory rodents. In most cases the levels of exposure required to produce liver tumors in rodents far exceed those to which man is normally exposed. The problem is to guess whether low-level exposure to such rodent hepatocarcinogens poses any real liver cancer threat to man?The mortality from primary liver cancer is very low in countries such as England and Wales where there is widespread exposure to low doses of both natural and synthetic agents which, in high dosage, cause liver tumors in rodents. This suggests that, if there is any risk, it can only be very small. Death rate data collected in England and Wales by the Registrar General are consistent with there having been a small increase in the incidence of primary liver cancer in England and Wales during the past 20 years, but the apparent increase might well be a consequence of revisions in the International Classification of Diseases system and not real. During the first half of the present century the age-standardized incidence of primary liver cancer in England and Wales was falling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":75456,"journal":{"name":"Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine","volume":"31 ","pages":"45-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14426697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Experimental and comparative toxicology. 实验和比较毒理学。

Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine Pub Date : 1987-01-01

引用次数: 0

Immunotoxicology. Immunotoxicology。

Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-039231-5.50010-3

G Descotes, G Mazué

引用次数: 0

The endocrine system as the target in experimental toxicology. 内分泌系统作为实验毒理学的靶点。

Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-039231-5.50011-5

F X Van Leeuwen, M A Franken, J G Loeber

引用次数: 1

Experimental and comparative toxicology. 实验和比较毒理学。

Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/c2013-0-07101-0

A. Rico

引用次数: 0

Uses of gamma-glutamyltransferase in experimental toxicology. -谷氨酰转移酶在实验毒理学中的应用。

Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-039231-5.50012-7

J P Braun, G Siest, A G Rico

引用次数: 10

The significance of preneoplastic liver lesions in experimental animals. 实验动物肿瘤前肝病变的意义。

Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-039231-5.50007-3

G M Williams

引用次数: 16

Neurobehavioral toxicology: an overview. 神经行为毒理学:综述。

Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-039231-5.50009-7

D L Hopper

引用次数: 1

Predictive value of ocular irritation tests. 眼刺激试验的预测价值。

Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-039231-5.50013-9

P Duprat, P Conquet

引用次数: 5

New approaches to vaccines. 疫苗的新方法。

Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine Pub Date : 1985-01-01

H L Bachrach

引用次数: 0