Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum最新文献

{"title":"The European Socio-Demographic Schedule (ESDS): rationale, principles and development.","authors":"J Beecham,&nbsp;S Johnson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To design an internationally valid and practical instrument on which data can be recorded for small areas that describes the sociodemographic characteristics known to be associated with psychiatric morbidity and service use.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>(1) Identification of a set of sociodemographic characteristics which, on the basis of currently available evidence, would be expected to influence needs for and provision of mental health care in different countries. (2) Selection of a subset of these for inclusion in the schedule based on likely degree of cross-cultural validity and on the types and formats of the data routinely available in each country. (3) Revision of the schedule following a pilot by EPCAT members.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The European Socio-Demographic Schedule (ESDS) was successfully employed to collect sociodemographic data in seven catchment areas. Differences were found between the areas in terms of availability of data as well as in the resulting profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ESDS has been shown to be applicable in a number of European countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"405 ","pages":"33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21951134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the International Classification of Mental Health Care (ICMHC).","authors":"A de Jong","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluations of the process of providing mental health care have been hampered because a tool to systematically describe the interventions actually provided by the services was lacking. In this paper the development of such a tool (the International Classification of Mental Health Care; ICMHC) is described.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Subsequent versions of the ICMHC were developed, using comments from experts in 24 WHO field centres and results from a number of field trials. In the final version 10 Modalities of Care can be used to describe Modules of Care, using the Level of Specialization scale. The inter-rater reliability of this version was evaluated by the Italian research team, using data from 43 services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reliability ranged from excellent for nine modalities to reasonably good for the remaining modality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the context of evaluation studies, the ICMHC can be used to describe systematically mental health care interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"405 ","pages":"8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21951140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety and depression: the impact of shared characteristics on diagnosis and treatment. Introduction.","authors":"R C Kessler,&nbsp;H U Wittchen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":" 406","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21952735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amisulpride: its role in the therapeutic management of the schizophrenia patient. Conclusions.","authors":"J Peuskens","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"400 ","pages":"28-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21668371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiles of the former republics of the USSR.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"394 ","pages":"42-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20901749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized anxiety disorder: from science to art. Proceedings of a conference. La Jolla, California, USA. 4-5 November 1995.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"393 ","pages":"1-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20797457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female suicides and alcohol consumption during perestroika in the former USSR.","authors":"D Wasserman,&nbsp;A Värnik,&nbsp;G Eklund","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During 1984-1990, a decline in suicide rates of 32% for males and 19% for females took place in the former Soviet Union. The observed annual decrease in mortality from suicide was most marked for men in 1984-1986 and for women in 1984-1988. This article illuminates the hypothesis that the restrictive anti-alcohol campaign initiated by Gorbachev on 1 June 1985, in which prices of alcoholic beverages were raised substantially, had an impact on female mortality from suicide in the former Soviet Union. Data regarding alcohol consumption, female violent death (n = 451,537), suicide (n = 94,149), death due to accidental alcohol poisoning (n = 28,078), and undetermined death, whether accidental or self-inflicted (n = 23,982) were analysed for three Slavic (Russia, Belarus and the Ukraine), three Baltic (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) and two Central Asian republics (Kazakhstan and Kirgizia). Regression analyses with alcohol consumption as the independent variable and female suicide rates and female violent-death rates as dependent variables showed that suicide and alcohol consumption, as well as violent death and alcohol consumption, were positively correlated. However, alcohol seems to have a lower explanatory value for female suicides and female violent deaths compared with male suicides and male violent deaths. The attributable fraction of alcohol for female suicides in the whole USSR (27%) is estimated at approximately half of that for male suicides (50%).</p>","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"394 ","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20735225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a test battery (NPM-X) for neuropsychological and neuromotor examination of children with developmental disabilities or mental retardation. A theoretical and clinical study.","authors":"B Gjaerum","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological and behavioural diagnosis often do not provide information on functional competence. This is, however, of utmost importance in planning services as well as in research on treatment effects for children with developmental disorders. For school-aged children neuropsychological assessment has proved its value in this respect. For children of chronological age (CA) below 5-7 with specific developmental disabilities, and for children with severe mental retardation there has been a lack of applicable test batteries. This thesis presents a new test battery for neuropsychological and neuromotor examination, NPM-X, for these two groups of children. The first part of the thesis reviews available medical and psychological tests and assessment procedures with respect to applicability and relevance for neuropsychological assessment to children with mental retardation and mental age (MA) below 7. The second part describes the theoretical background and the content of the new test battery. The methodology for testing these children, who due to their age and/or their developmental disabilities often co-operate poorly, is described. Scoring categories, specifically developed to enable a detailed and differentiated description of the child, are presented. Because of the instability of the behavioural function in early age as well as in cases of severe disability, the scoring system records both the child's optimal functional capacity and inconsistencies in behaviour. For the purpose of planning treatment and training according to the child's resources as well as dysfunctions, two different functional profiles are provided. In the normative functional profile the child's functional level is compared to normal expectations for the child's CA, and in the ideographic functional profile the child's function in each area is compared to the child's average functional level. In the third part of the thesis the reliability results are presented and discussed. A pair of trained M.D.s, or psychology or special education Ph.D.s examined 110 children in a blind design. The study showed satisfactory interrater and test-retest reliability. In the fourth part current validation theory is reviewed before content and construct validity for the test battery is discussed. A concurrent criterion validation study is presented as well. Assessments available in the psychological and psychiatric records (PPR) of 35 children with CA below 7 were compared to test results obtained with NPM-X. The comparison showed high agreement in areas of function assessed both by PPR and NPM-X. In addition, NPM-X provided more information about the child's functional capacity, of relevance for the diagnostic appraisal as well as for the treatment of the child. It is concluded that a reliable and valid test battery for neuropsychological and neuromotor developmental assessment has showed its applicability and clinical utility for children with specific developmental disabilities and CA < 7","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"390 ","pages":"1-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20157839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comprehensive Assessment List for Affective Disorders (COALA): a polydiagnostic, comprehensive, and serial semistructured interview system for affective and related disorders.","authors":"T Furukawa,&nbsp;K Takahashi,&nbsp;T Kitamura,&nbsp;M Okawa,&nbsp;H Miyaoka,&nbsp;T Hirai,&nbsp;H Ueda,&nbsp;K Sakamoto,&nbsp;K Miki,&nbsp;K Fujita","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This supplement describes the development and structure of the Comprehensive Assessment List of Affective Disorders (COALA) system, which was recently developed for a collaborative follow-up study of a broad spectrum of affective disorders in Japan and which consists of a series of semistructured interviews for affective and related disorders. The COALA distinguishes itself from the extant semistructured interviews by being able to provide polydiagnostic, comprehensive and serial assessments. It is polydiagnostic because it derives diagnoses according to 29 historical and modern diagnostic systems through computer algorithms. It is comprehensive because it not only depicts the symptoms profile and rates their severity according to various endogenicity indices and severity rating scales but also measures, in the psychosocial domain, the life events and their characteristics. In addition, it has sections for past illnesses and family history. It is serial because the system includes follow-up semistructured interviews that can be administered monthly and that monitor changes in the psychopathological and psychosocial features. The theoretical underpinnings of the COALA system, especially its polydiagnostic approach to a broad spectrum of affective disorders and its treatment of psychosocial factors, are discussed in view of recent proposals for the future nosological research. The findings of the interrater reliability study (n = 107) are also presented, with satisfactory to excellent results for almost all of the psychopathological and psychosocial variables, all of the composite severity ratings and most of the polydiagnostic evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"387 ","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18793226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance, quality assurance and standards for relapse prevention in schizophrenia.","authors":"Werner Kissling","doi":"10.3109/08039489509099714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08039489509099714","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment and, above all, the prophylaxis of schizophrenic psychoses has made great progress in the last 40 years due to the introduction of the neuroleptics and the use of psychosocial treatment strategies. Unfortunately, the potentialities inherent in neuroleptic relapse prevention are far from being fully utilized. As a consequence, the relapse rate for this severe mental illness is still 3 times higher than it ought to be. In view of the severe consequences of this disease for each individual patient and his family, but also in view of the immense costs incurred by each relapse, we must not rest content with this situation. By use of compliance improving measures and quality assurance it would probably be possible within a few years to increase the efficiency of neuroleptic relapse prevention so far as to reduce the high relapse rates of schizophrenic patients at least by half. It is time we began trying.","PeriodicalId":75416,"journal":{"name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"35 1","pages":"16-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86861949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}