Falisha F Kanji, Tara Cohen, Claire S Burton, Catherine Bresee, Joshua Pevnick, Teryl Nuckols, Neil Wenger, Jennifer T Anger
{"title":"Trials and Tribulations of a Urinary Incontinence Screening Tool.","authors":"Falisha F Kanji, Tara Cohen, Claire S Burton, Catherine Bresee, Joshua Pevnick, Teryl Nuckols, Neil Wenger, Jennifer T Anger","doi":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0000000000001678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Women experiencing symptoms of urinary incontinence (UI) may be reluctant to discuss their symptoms with their primary care physicians (providers) due to embarrassment and stigma surrounding the condition.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>As part of a primary care quality improvement pilot intervention for UI, this study aimed to assess the success of an online screening tool in identifying bothersome urinary UI in a primary care setting. A secondary analysis sought to determine the percentage of women who discussed the condition with their providers.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Providers from a regional medical group in Southern California and their female patients 18 years of age and older were invited to participate between July 2019 and February 2020. Female patients were recruited via a screening survey. Providers were alerted by email and the patient's electronic health record when a patient screened positive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four providers participated in the study. A total of 6,360 screening surveys were sent to female patients. Seven hundred nine (11.15%) responses were received. Three hundred two patients reported experiencing symptoms of UI, but only 166 patients chose to participate. Of the 166 participating patients, 35 (21.08%) spoke with their providers about their symptoms after they were screened.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Online screening for UI is feasible. The observation that only 21% of patients had conversations with their providers about their symptoms during the appointment, even after the provider was notified of the positive screen, suggests the need for better tools, such as alerts in the medical record, to enhance provider awareness of their patients' UI.</p>","PeriodicalId":75288,"journal":{"name":"Urogynecology (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of ChatGPT to Generate Informed Consent for Surgery in Urogynecology: Comment.","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0000000000001675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75288,"journal":{"name":"Urogynecology (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joris Ramstein, Seyedeh Neelufar Payrovnaziri, Heike Thiel de Bocanegra, Jenny Chang, Argyrios Ziogas, Dena Moskowitz
{"title":"Factors Influencing Treatment Strategy for Overactive Bladder in the National Institute of Health All of Us Research Program.","authors":"Joris Ramstein, Seyedeh Neelufar Payrovnaziri, Heike Thiel de Bocanegra, Jenny Chang, Argyrios Ziogas, Dena Moskowitz","doi":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0000000000001673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Overactive bladder (OAB) is a condition characterized by urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence, affecting up to 43% of women. While treatment disparities are well-documented, this study sheds light on broader systemic barriers and the need for equitable approaches to improve diagnosis and management.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the types of OAB treatments (no treatment, pharmacotherapy, advanced therapy) received by patients in the United States, stratified by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors, using data from the All of Us Research Hub.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Data were collected from 20,941 female patients diagnosed with OAB in the All of Us Research Hub. Patients were categorized into 3 treatment groups: (1) no treatment, (2) pharmacotherapy, or (3) advanced therapy. Demographic factors such as race, ethnicity, age, income, and health status were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to determine the influence on treatment type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the participants, 71% received no treatment, 27% were treated with pharmacotherapy, and 2% underwent advanced therapy. On multivariate analysis, Asian and Hispanic patients were less likely to receive pharmacotherapy compared to White patients (odds ratio (95% CI), 0.47 (0.31-0.72) and 0.84 (0.74-0.95) respectively). Additionally, factors such as increasing age, unemployment, and lower income were associated with greater odds of receiving pharmacotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant differences exist in the treatment of OAB, particularly among Asian and Hispanic patients. Socioeconomic factors and self-reported health status also affect access to treatment. Addressing these disparities is crucial to improving health care equity and access for patients with OAB.</p>","PeriodicalId":75288,"journal":{"name":"Urogynecology (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vienne Seitz, Jed Calata, Ling Mei, Emily R W Davidson
{"title":"Missed Opportunities: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Disparities in Treatment for Fecal Incontinence.","authors":"Vienne Seitz, Jed Calata, Ling Mei, Emily R W Davidson","doi":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001619","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Previous work identified racial disparities in access to fecal incontinence (FI) treatments. However, less is known about patient perspectives of these barriers.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study assessed differences in FI symptom severity and treatment utilization between Black and White patients.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This mixed-methods assessment studied adult non-Hispanic Black and White women treated for FI who either did not respond to medical therapy nor received sacral neuromodulation or did not follow up after medical therapy. Structured interviews queried patients about treatments offered and symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 118 patients in the retrospective evaluation, 59 (50%, 24 Black and 35 White) were interviewed. Black patients were more likely than White patients to report occasional, weekly, or daily solid and stool incontinence (75.0% vs 48.6%, P = 0.042; 87.5% vs 51.4%, P = 0.004, respectively) and flatal incontinence (83.3% vs 62.9%, P = 0.088).Of those prescribed fiber supplements and antidiarrheal medications, Black patients were less likely to report symptom improvement (25.0% vs 70.0%, P = 0.013; 57.1% vs 87.5%, P = 0.092, respectively, for each medication type) and ongoing regimen adherence (25.0% vs 63.3%, P = 0.013; 28.6% vs 87.5%, P = 0.035, respectively).Black patients were more likely to report impairment in daily functioning secondary to FI (83.3% vs 57.1%, P = 0.034) and were more likely to seek a follow-up visit with a health care professional that performs sacral neuromodulation (79.2% vs 28.6%, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Black patients were more likely to have severe symptoms and poorer treatment outcomes and desire future follow-up, highlighting the importance of addressing racial differences in patient preferences in FI management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":75288,"journal":{"name":"Urogynecology (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"243-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dora Jericevic Schwartz, Isabella Cervantes, A U Amanda Nwaba, Mary Duarte Thibault, Moiuri Siddique
{"title":"Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury and Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Dora Jericevic Schwartz, Isabella Cervantes, A U Amanda Nwaba, Mary Duarte Thibault, Moiuri Siddique","doi":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001593","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>This is the first systematic review on female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in patients who sustained obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to characterize FSD following OASI.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Between January and April 2024, we conducted a literature search of studies that explored outcomes of FSD following OASI, reporting on rates of dyspareunia and/or using questionnaires that measured female sexual function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies with 1,907 OASI patients met inclusion criteria. Rates of dyspareunia in the first year after OASI ranged from 27% to 35% with only 40%-57% of women having resumed sexual activity at 3 months postpartum. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) were the most utilized questionnaires. Using the FSFI, the range of FSD was 47%-81% among patients with OASI. The FSFI subdomain scores (maximum 6) for desire and arousal had the least improvement with time, ranging from 1.3-2.1 at 2 months to 3-3.1 at 4 months. Pain, lubrication, and orgasm domains showed greater improvement with time, ranging from 1.4-1.6 at 2 months and up to 3.5-3.8 at 4 months. Five studies used the PISQ-12 with mean scores of 34.1-39 (range 0-48), 3 of which included a non-OASI control group and found similar PISQ-12 scores between groups. Physical therapy did not significantly impact FSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One-third of patients with OASI experience dyspareunia in the first year postpartum, 1in 2 patients do not resume intercourse at 3 months postpartum, and FSD, measured by the FSFI, may be present in 80% of women with OASI at 3 months postpartum.</p>","PeriodicalId":75288,"journal":{"name":"Urogynecology (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"292-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha DeAndrade, Krystal DePorto, Kaitlin Crawford, Lucas Saporito, AnMarie Nguyen, Tajnoos Yazdany, Christopher Tenggardjaja
{"title":"Investigating Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery.","authors":"Samantha DeAndrade, Krystal DePorto, Kaitlin Crawford, Lucas Saporito, AnMarie Nguyen, Tajnoos Yazdany, Christopher Tenggardjaja","doi":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001633","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities have been observed in the mode of pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Some of the disparities may be attributed to differences in access to care and advanced surgical technology across the United States, although this is difficult to study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate whether racial/ethnic or socioeconomic disparities in a mode of prolapse surgery exist in a managed care setting, where differences in access are minimized.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent apical pelvic organ prolapse surgery within Kaiser Permanente Southern California facilities between 2014 and 2017. We conducted bivariate tests to examine the associations between patient characteristics and multivariate logistic regression to predict the odds of having obliterative and native tissue repair surgical procedures by race and income.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analytic sample consisted of 2,798 patients who underwent prolapse surgery. Hispanic/Latina, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Asian, and \"other\" race represented 51.1%, 37.0%, 5.7%, 5.3%, and 0.8% of the sample, respectively. Median household income varied by racial groups. After adjusting for patient characteristics and regional factors, we did not find significant differences in apical prolapse surgery mode by race/ethnicity or income level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within this managed care setting, no disparities in mode of apical prolapse surgery were observed by race/ethnicity or income level when regional and patient-level confounders were controlled for, such as prolapse stage and comorbidities. This may suggest that a significant driver of racial/ethnic disparities observed in prolapse surgery may be attributed to structural level factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":75288,"journal":{"name":"Urogynecology (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"174-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AUGS 45th Presidential Address: My Story and AUGS.","authors":"Jennifer M Wu","doi":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001654","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001654","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75288,"journal":{"name":"Urogynecology (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":"31 3","pages":"171-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margot Le Neveu, Emily Marra, Stephen Rhodes, David Sheyn
{"title":"Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Complications After Prolapse Surgery.","authors":"Margot Le Neveu, Emily Marra, Stephen Rhodes, David Sheyn","doi":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001608","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Obesity is a risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and independently associated with perioperative complications following prolapse surgery. Although weight loss surgery (WLS) may lead to weight loss and mitigate obesity-related comorbidities, it is associated with chronic malabsorption, which may also lead to increased perioperative complications. There have been no studies evaluating the impact of prior WLS on POP surgery outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to describe the effect of WLS on complications after POP surgery.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with obesity who underwent POP surgery and compared outcomes between those with and without a prior history of WLS. Data were procured from the Premier U.S. National Database between January 2000 and March 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 22,905 surgical procedures performed for POP, 542 (2.2%) previously underwent WLS with a median of 30 months between procedures (IQR, 15-51). The WLS group had higher rates of postoperative mesh erosion at 3 months (3.0% vs 1.5%, P = 0.0079) and 12 months (3.1% vs 1.8%, P = 0.04) and had higher hematoma incidence (1.7% vs 0.68%, P = 0.014). After adjusting for covariates, WLS was not associated with increased probability of infectious (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.67-1.27) or noninfectious morbidity (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.59-1.75). Rates of recurrent prolapse resulting in surgery were similar between groups (1.7% vs 1.3%, P = 0.56), and time interval between WLS and POP surgical procedures did not affect rates of complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WLS does not appear to increase the risk of perioperative complications following surgery for POP.</p>","PeriodicalId":75288,"journal":{"name":"Urogynecology (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":"31 3","pages":"216-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marlana M Ray, Catrina C Crisp, Rachel N Pauls, Jonathan Hoehn, Kelsey Lewis, Mildrede Bonglack, Jennifer Yeung
{"title":"Use of a Vessel Sealer for Hysterectomy at Time of Prolapse Repair: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Marlana M Ray, Catrina C Crisp, Rachel N Pauls, Jonathan Hoehn, Kelsey Lewis, Mildrede Bonglack, Jennifer Yeung","doi":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001617","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Electrosurgical vessel sealing devices for vaginal hysterectomy have demonstrated reduced postoperative pain. This modality, however, has not been evaluated in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to describe postoperative pain levels utilizing the LigaSure vessel sealing device for vaginal hysterectomy in patients undergoing major reconstructive surgery.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>In this single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, participants were randomized to vaginal hysterectomy utilizing the LigaSure vessel sealing device versus standard clamping and suturing techniques. Following hysterectomy, all participants underwent major vaginal reconstruction, including apical suspension via high uterosacral ligament fixation. The primary outcome was postoperative pain on a 100-mm visual analog scale 3-6 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included hysterectomy operative time, blood loss, pain scores and narcotic use on days 1, 3, 5, and 2 weeks after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 95 participants were randomized: 48 (50.5%) in the intervention arm and 47 (49.5%) in the control arm. Between 3 and 6 hours postoperatively, there was no difference in overall pain scores (49 vs 50.5). Groups also had similar hysterectomy operative times (40.5 minutes vs 38 minutes) and blood loss (100 mL vs 100 mL). Pain scores and narcotic use on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 2 weeks were not different.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While vessel sealing devices may reduce pain after vaginal hysterectomy alone, these benefits were not detected following concomitant major pelvic reconstruction. Similar operative times and blood loss between groups may be due to the expertise of the surgical subspecialist and not the device itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":75288,"journal":{"name":"Urogynecology (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"234-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina M Mezes, Gregory B Russell, Robert E Gutman, Cheryl Iglesia, Charles Rardin, Kimberly Kenton, Sarah Collins, Catherine A Matthews
{"title":"Effect of Vaginal Prolapse Repair and Midurethral Sling on Urgency Incontinence Symptoms.","authors":"Christina M Mezes, Gregory B Russell, Robert E Gutman, Cheryl Iglesia, Charles Rardin, Kimberly Kenton, Sarah Collins, Catherine A Matthews","doi":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001620","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SPV.0000000000001620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Limited evidence exists on the effect of combined native tissue vaginal prolapse repair with midurethral sling on urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) symptoms.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of combined native tissue vaginal prolapse repair with midurethral sling on UUI symptoms at 12 months postoperatively and identify risk factors for persistent UUI.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This secondary analysis utilized data from a randomized trial comparing retropubic versus single-incision slings in women undergoing treatment of stress incontinence and vaginal prolapse with native tissue vaginal repair and midurethral sling. Responses to Question 16 of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 were grouped into no and mild UUI (0, 1) versus moderate and severe UUI (2, 3, 4), and associations between UUI symptoms and patient and surgical characteristics were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, 196/254 (77%) reported at least moderate UUI bother, whereas 58 (23%) had no bother. At 12 months postoperatively, persistent, resolved and de novo UUI were 41%, 59%, and 11%, respectively. At baseline, higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 1.08 95% CI, 1.02-1.14; P = 0.005) and symptomatic SUI (OR, 4.76; 95% CI, 2.53-9.01; P < 0.001) were associated with UUI. At 12 months, age (OR, 1.18, 95% CI, 1.04-1.35; P = 0.012) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.45; P = 0.049) were associated with UUI. Colpocleisis was the only significant protective factor for the presence of UUI at 12 months (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13-0.97; P = 0.043).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>At 12 months postoperatively, almost 60% saw resolution of baseline UUI symptoms, especially those undergoing colpocleisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":75288,"journal":{"name":"Urogynecology (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"250-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}