Translational sports medicine最新文献

{"title":"The effects of sustained fitness improvement on the gut microbiome: A longitudinal, repeated measures case-study approach.","authors":"Wiley Barton, Owen Cronin, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Ronan Whiston, Elaine Holmes, Trevor Woods, Catherine B Molloy, Michael G Molloy, Fergus Shanahan, Paul D Cotter, Orla O'Sullivan","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.215","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tsm2.215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The athlete gut microbiome differs from that of non-athletes in its composition and metabolic function. Short-term fitness improvement in sedentary adults does not replicate the microbiome characteristics of athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate whether sustained fitness improvement leads to pronounced alterations in the gut microbiome. This was achieved using a repeated-measures, case-study approach that examined the gut microbiome of two initially unfit volunteers undertaking progressive exercise training over a 6-month period. Samples were collected every two weeks, and microbiome, metabolome, diet, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness data were recorded. Training culminated in both participants completing their respective goals (a marathon or Olympic-distance triathlon) with improved body composition and fitness parameters. Increases in gut microbiota α-diversity occurred with sustained training and fluctuations occurred in response to training events (eg, injury, illness, and training peaks). Participants' BMI reduced during the study and was significantly associated with increased urinary measurements of N-methyl nicotinate and hippurate, and decreased phenylacetylglutamine. These results suggest that sustained fitness improvements support alterations to gut microbiota and physiologically-relevant metabolites. This study provides longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiome response to real-world events during progressive fitness training, including intercurrent illness and injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"174-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8317196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39289680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport and exercise participation in time of Covid-19-A narrative review of medical and health perspective.","authors":"Milena Tomovic,&nbsp;Lana Krzman","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus outbreak during 2020 brought enormous challenges for the world of sport and exercise. Much debated lockdown finished with the first wave in most countries and the \"new normal\" was the new beginning for professional and recreational sport activities. The aim of this narrative review is to acknowledge the most important medical and health aspects of sport and exercise participation until COVID-19 pandemic is resolved. Management of existing crisis creates numerous opportunities for medical advances. Remote testing, tele-health, field laboratories, continuous follow-up of professional athletes, technological advances and artificial intelligence in new sporting environment using multidisciplinary, and systematic approach can be now thoroughly evaluated and defined for the best SEM practices. Sports and exercise medicine expertise in prevention can have a decisive role in dealing with ongoing and future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"159-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38750924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving prediction model systematic review methodology: Letter to the Editor","authors":"G. Bullock, T. Hughes, J. Sergeant, M. Callaghan, G. Collins, R. Riley","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.240","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, In their recently published paper, Seow et al1 carried out a systematic review of musculoskeletal injury prediction models in professional sport and military special forces. Their review encompassed a comprehensive search that included both conference and published papers, used a standardized musculoskeletal injury definition that was informed by the literature, and included both statistical and machine learningbased models. Nevertheless, we have a number of concerns regarding the conduct and reporting of some aspects of the study that limit the usefulness of their findings. Our first point relates to how the studies were appraised. While the authors should be commended on assessing each study for risk of bias, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) is not the correct tool to do this. The NOS is a generic tool designed to assess the quality of nonrandomized studies such as casecontrol and cohort studies— and while prediction model studies often use cohort design, the tool includes no specific assessment of analysis issues relating to the development or validation of a prediction model. Hence, the NOS is a blunt instrument to assess risk of bias in these studies. The tool that should have been used to assess the risk of bias in the review by Seow et al1 is the Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST),2 which includes 20 signaling questions over four domains (participants, predictors, outcome, and analysis), to cover key aspects of prediction model studies. Furthermore, when designing a systematic review of prediction model studies, the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist3 provides detailed guidance to help authors in developing their systematic review questions relating to prediction models, extracting pertinent prediction model data, and appraising prediction model studies.3 Had these more relevant tools been used, and indeed, the review process outlined by the Cochrane Prognosis Methods Group followed4; it would have enabled the authors to better appraise and utilize the included prediction model studies in their review. In particular, it would have given more depth and clarity, and allowed enhanced identification of any strength in the existing evidence and also highlighted particular areas of conduct and reporting that should be improved upon in future studies. While the authors extracted and reported the discrimination performance (such as area under the curve) of models that were included, we note that there was no comment on model calibration— an essential component of model performance.4,5 Calibration is the agreement between probabilities derived from the model versus those actually observed within the data6 and is important in understanding the accuracy of the predictions from the model.7,8 This omission could have been addressed at the design stage using the aforementioned CHARMS checklist. Consequently, the authors have missed an importan","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42273509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a low‐dose Copenhagen adduction exercise intervention on adduction strength in sub‐elite male footballers: A randomised controlled trial","authors":"J. Dawkins, Lasse Ishøi, Jake O. Willott, L. Andersen, K. Thorborg","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.238","url":null,"abstract":"Footballers with weak hip adductors are at increased risk of groin injury, and adductor strengthening has been shown to reduce this risk. However, the minimal effective dose of strength training to improve hip adductor strength and mitigate the risk of adductor problems remains unknown. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to investigate the training and detraining effects of a low‐dose Copenhagen adduction exercise (CA) intervention in sub‐elite male footballers on eccentric hip adduction strength (primary outcome) and peak adductor squeeze strength (secondary outcome). Thirty‐nine male footballers were randomised into two groups: The intervention group completed the CA twice weekly during six in‐season weeks in addition to normal football training, while the control group continued normal football training. Strength testing was performed at weeks 0, 3, 6 (training period), and weeks 7‐9 (detraining period). There was no between‐group difference in eccentric strength at week 6 and 9. There was a significant group by time interaction at 6 weeks (0.52 Nm/kg, 95% CI 0.17‐0.86) and 9 weeks (0.59 Nm/kg, 95% CI 0.25‐0.93) at which the intervention group displayed greater adductor squeeze strength. These results suggest the low‐dose CA intervention is insufficient to modify eccentric hip adduction strength but improves peak adductor squeeze strength.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"447 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45884361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horseback riding is common among female athletes who had arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome","authors":"Josefin Abrahamson, Ida Lindman, Mikael Sansone, Axel Öhlin, Pall Jonasson, J. Karlsson, A. Baranto","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.236","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose was to investigate pre‐operative symptoms and types of sport in competitive athletes undergoing arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), and to compare between genders. Competitive athletes planned for arthroscopic treatment for FAIS were included prospectively in a hip arthroscopy registry. A total of 1548 athletes were identified and 919 were included. Sporting activity and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), including HSAS, iHOT‐12, and HAGOS, were recorded, pre‐operatively. The study comprised 738 male and 181 female athletes (median age 25; interquartile range 20‐32 years) who had undergone arthroscopic treatment for FAIS. The most common sports type performed by males were football (48%) and ice hockey (19%) and in females, football (25%) and horseback riding (22%). Females reported a significantly longer duration of symptoms (median 36 vs 24 months) and lower pre‐operative scores for the iHOT‐12 and all the HAGOS subscales, except for physical activity. In conclusion, horseback riding and football are almost equally common in female athletes, while football is by far the most common in male athletes, who underwent arthroscopic treatment for FAIS. Females had a longer duration of symptoms and a higher degree of self‐reported symptoms and dysfunction prior to the hip arthroscopy.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"500 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42053550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity profiles and glucose metabolism — A population‐based cross‐sectional study in older adults","authors":"Miia Länsitie, Maisa Niemelä, M. Kangas, M. Venojärvi, P. Härkönen, S. Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, R. Korpelainen","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.237","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to analyze the relationship of accelerometry measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) profiles to glucose metabolism in 660 people aged 67‐69 years. In this cross‐sectional study, four different PA profiles were identified (couch potatoes, light movers, sedentary actives, actives) based on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SED. Glucose metabolism was determined by an oral glucose tolerance test. The prevalence of any glucose metabolism disorder was lower in more active PA profiles than in less active profiles (couch potatoes 50%, actives 33%). According to multivariable linear regression, insulin resistance, 120‐min glucose, and insulin values were lower among the actives compared with the couch potatoes (HOMA‐IR: β = −0.239, 95% CI − 0.456 to −0.022, P = .031; 120‐min glucose: β = −0.459, 95% CI − 0.900 to −0.019, P = .041; 120‐min insulin: β = −0.210, 95% CI − 0.372 to −0.049, P = .011). Prevalence of glucose metabolism disorders were lower and insulin sensitivity was better among the actives compared with the couch potatoes. Active lifestyle with daily MVPA and low SED seems to improve glucose metabolism even in older age and should be recommended for older adults.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"439 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45048023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is skeletal muscle echo intensity more indicative of voluntary or involuntary strength in young women?","authors":"R. M. Girts, R. J. MacLennan, K. K. Harmon, M. Stock","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.234","url":null,"abstract":"Echo intensity has been associated with measures of muscle strength; however, associations between echo intensity and voluntary performance assume descending drive are optimal and participants are motivated. This study aimed to compare relationships between echo intensity versus involuntary and voluntary strength. Eighteen females (age = 21 ± 2 years) participated. Echo intensity was quantified from B‐mode ultrasound images obtained from the quadriceps femoris. Isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) of the knee extensors were performed, and peak involuntary strength was assessed via the interpolated twitch technique. Pearson correlation coefficients evaluated relationships between corrected echo intensity, cross‐sectional area (CSA), MVC strength, and involuntary strength. A partial correlation assessed the association between corrected echo intensity versus peak involuntary torque while controlling for CSA and MVC torque. A stepwise multiple regression model was run with echo intensity as the dependent variable. Peak involuntary torque was the single best predictor of echo intensity (R = 0.580, P = .015). Importantly, involuntary and voluntary strength were not associated (r = .386, P = .126). Echo intensity was not significantly correlated with peak involuntary strength when controlling for CSA and MVC strength (r = −.474, P = .074). Echo intensity is likely more closely related to involuntary strength than voluntary strength.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"518 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46775509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound‐guided injection therapy with platelet‐rich plasma in recreational athletes with patellar tendinopathy: A randomized, single blinded, placebo‐controlled trial with 3 months follow‐up","authors":"T. Krogh, S. Kjær, Jesper Blegvad‐Nissen, Pia Jensen, T. Ellingsen, U. Fredberg","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.232","url":null,"abstract":"Patellar tendinopathy is a common injury in athletes. In this study we wanted to examine whether 1 injection of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) was more effective than placebo (saline) in the treatment of athletes with patellar tendinopathy. Twenty‐four athletes with patellar tendinopathy of at least 6 months’ duration were randomly assigned to receive either a blinded injection of PRP (n = 12) or saline (n = 12). The primary endpoint was improvement in Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment‐Patella (VISA‐P) score at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in pain at rest, while walking, and when the tendon was squeezed. Ultrasonographic outcomes were changes in tendon thickness, the presence and size of a central hypoechoic area, and color Doppler activity. There was no difference between the PRP group and the saline group with regard to the primary outcome, VISA‐P score mean difference 5.4 (95% confidence interval –5.5 to 16.4, P = 0.316). There were no statistically significant differences observed in any of the secondary outcomes. In conclusion, in this blinded, randomized, controlled trial, there was no improvement in VISA‐P score, ultrasonography, or any other outcome measures 3 months after an injection of PRP compared with a saline injection.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"344 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46211226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic recalcitrant medial tibial stress syndrome: Is surgery an option?","authors":"S. Vogels, E. Ritchie, H. P. H. Hundscheid, L. Janssen, A. Hoogeveen, W. Zimmermann, R. Hoencamp, M. Scheltinga","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.231","url":null,"abstract":"To compare outcome following continuation of conservative interventions with surgery in patients with chronic recalcitrant Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS).","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"508 - 517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44062998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placebo and nocebo in sports: Potential effects of hypothetical differences in roll resistance on roller ski performance","authors":"B. Blumenstein, F. Abrahamsen, T. Losnegard","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.230","url":null,"abstract":"Although placebo and nocebo effects of ergogenic aids are acknowledged as significant for sports performance, little is known about the effects of sports equipment. Therefore, we examined how athletes’ belief about their sports equipment affected roller ski performance in a short time trial. In a cross‐over design trial, 21 junior cross‐country skiers completed a repeated 45 m indoor double poling protocol followed by post‐experimental questionnaires on their subjective rating of the performance. All trials were performed on roller skis with equal roll resistance. For the baseline trial, the skis were marked as “medium resistance.” For the experimental trials, skis were marked as “low resistance” (placebo), and “high resistance” (nocebo). The mean speed was not different from the placebo trial to the baseline trial, but slower for the nocebo trial compared to the baseline trial (mean ± 95 CI; −0.7% ± 0.4%, P = .005), with a small effect size (Cohen's d = 0.15). Subjective experience of speed as was significantly different from baseline to experimental outcomes (placebo: P < .001; nocebo: P < .002). In conclusion, our findings reveal that athletes' negative perceptions of their sports equipment may have reduced their performance times. However, future examinations should further explore whether athletes' negative perception of equipment may affect their performance.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"401 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46868786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}