Translational sports medicine最新文献

{"title":"No relationship between a movement screening test and risk of overuse problems in low back, shoulder, and knee in elite handball players—A prospective cohort study","authors":"E. T. Rafnsson, G. Myklebust, R. Bahr, A. Arnason","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.245","url":null,"abstract":"Many handball studies have reported injuries that cause absence from participation. In this prospective cohort study on elite Icelandic male players, the aim was to examine the prevalence of overuse problems in low back, knee, and shoulder. Sixteen Icelandic teams were invited. Thirteen teams agreed to participate. The OSTRC overuse questionnaire was distributed every second week during 32‐week period. In addition, the 9+ Screening Test was performed on 130 players. In total, 229 players participated with a weekly average response rate of 72%. The average weekly prevalence for shoulder was 28% (95% CI 25% to 31%), for knee 33% (95% CI 30% to 36%), and for low back 32% (95% CI 29% to 35%). Substantial problems were 10% (95% CI 9% to 11%) in shoulder and knee and 11% (95%CI 10% to 12%) in low back. Only 1% (95% CI 1% to 2%) of the overuse problems caused time loss from participation. In total, 61% of the players played with at least one overuse problem and 25% with one affecting their performance. There was no association between the 9+ Screening Test score and overuse problems among Icelandic male handball players.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"481 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51046217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No demonstrable ultrastructural adaptation of the human myotendinous junction to immobilization or 4 weeks of heavy resistance training","authors":"Andreas B. Knudsen, A. Mackey, J. Jakobsen, M. Krogsgaard","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.243","url":null,"abstract":"The myotendinous junction (MTJ) connects muscle and tendon and is subject to strain injuries. These injuries can be prevented by heavy resistance training of the hamstrings. In animal MTJ, the ultrastructural foldings of tendon into muscle increase with training and decrease with immobilization, but whether this happens in the human MTJ is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate by electron microscopy the effect of 4 weeks heavy resistance training (6 patients) and 5 weeks immobilization (3 patients) on the ultrastructure of the human MTJ, compared to controls (7 patients). Specimens of MTJ were obtained from the semitendinosus and gracilis muscle in connection with harvest of the tendon for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. We registered the number of branches from the MTJ into muscle, interface length/baseline, length and width of the MTJ unit, and area of the foldings and number of foldings per MTJ unit. There were no significant differences in any measures between the three groups. Adaptations of the human MTJ in connection with heavy resistance training are smaller than the changes reported in animals. Perhaps 4 weeks is too short for the human MTJ to react structurally to loading.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"431 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45210167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute fatigue alters brain activity and impairs reactive balance test performance","authors":"B. Tassignon, J. Verschueren, K. De Pauw, E. Verhagen, R. Meeusen","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.242","url":null,"abstract":"Conflicting results in Y‐Balance Test (YBT) performance are found when participants are exposed to acute physical fatigue (APF). Even though APF is known to impair isolated neurocognitive performance, the effects of APF on reactive balance test (RBT) performance have never been investigated. Furthermore, research on the underlying APF‐induced neurophysiological mechanisms during these functional tests is scarce to non‐existent. Therefore, the aim was to assess the influence of APF on two clinician‐friendly balance tests: the YBT and RBT, as well as its effects on brain activity. Twenty healthy adults participated in this randomized crossover study. APF was induced by a 30 seconds modified Wingate test. YBT performance was expressed in maximal reach distances, and RBT performance involved visuomotor reaction time and accuracy. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure brain activity during these balance tests. Balance test performance and EEG recordings were analyzed pre‐post. APF was successfully induced given that secondary outcome measures (eg, heart rate, blood lactate concentration) significantly increased following the modified Wingate. Decreased RBT accuracy was observed after APF, yet YBT performance and RBT visuomotor reaction time were unaffected. APF induced spectral power increments in the brain during both YBT and RBT performance.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"488 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46994895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.239","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44226277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of sustained fitness improvement on the gut microbiome: A longitudinal, repeated measures case-study approach.","authors":"Wiley Barton, Owen Cronin, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Ronan Whiston, Elaine Holmes, Trevor Woods, Catherine B Molloy, Michael G Molloy, Fergus Shanahan, Paul D Cotter, Orla O'Sullivan","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.215","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tsm2.215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The athlete gut microbiome differs from that of non-athletes in its composition and metabolic function. Short-term fitness improvement in sedentary adults does not replicate the microbiome characteristics of athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate whether sustained fitness improvement leads to pronounced alterations in the gut microbiome. This was achieved using a repeated-measures, case-study approach that examined the gut microbiome of two initially unfit volunteers undertaking progressive exercise training over a 6-month period. Samples were collected every two weeks, and microbiome, metabolome, diet, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness data were recorded. Training culminated in both participants completing their respective goals (a marathon or Olympic-distance triathlon) with improved body composition and fitness parameters. Increases in gut microbiota α-diversity occurred with sustained training and fluctuations occurred in response to training events (eg, injury, illness, and training peaks). Participants' BMI reduced during the study and was significantly associated with increased urinary measurements of N-methyl nicotinate and hippurate, and decreased phenylacetylglutamine. These results suggest that sustained fitness improvements support alterations to gut microbiota and physiologically-relevant metabolites. This study provides longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiome response to real-world events during progressive fitness training, including intercurrent illness and injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"174-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8317196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39289680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport and exercise participation in time of Covid-19-A narrative review of medical and health perspective.","authors":"Milena Tomovic,&nbsp;Lana Krzman","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus outbreak during 2020 brought enormous challenges for the world of sport and exercise. Much debated lockdown finished with the first wave in most countries and the \"new normal\" was the new beginning for professional and recreational sport activities. The aim of this narrative review is to acknowledge the most important medical and health aspects of sport and exercise participation until COVID-19 pandemic is resolved. Management of existing crisis creates numerous opportunities for medical advances. Remote testing, tele-health, field laboratories, continuous follow-up of professional athletes, technological advances and artificial intelligence in new sporting environment using multidisciplinary, and systematic approach can be now thoroughly evaluated and defined for the best SEM practices. Sports and exercise medicine expertise in prevention can have a decisive role in dealing with ongoing and future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"159-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38750924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving prediction model systematic review methodology: Letter to the Editor","authors":"G. Bullock, T. Hughes, J. Sergeant, M. Callaghan, G. Collins, R. Riley","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.240","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, In their recently published paper, Seow et al1 carried out a systematic review of musculoskeletal injury prediction models in professional sport and military special forces. Their review encompassed a comprehensive search that included both conference and published papers, used a standardized musculoskeletal injury definition that was informed by the literature, and included both statistical and machine learningbased models. Nevertheless, we have a number of concerns regarding the conduct and reporting of some aspects of the study that limit the usefulness of their findings. Our first point relates to how the studies were appraised. While the authors should be commended on assessing each study for risk of bias, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) is not the correct tool to do this. The NOS is a generic tool designed to assess the quality of nonrandomized studies such as casecontrol and cohort studies— and while prediction model studies often use cohort design, the tool includes no specific assessment of analysis issues relating to the development or validation of a prediction model. Hence, the NOS is a blunt instrument to assess risk of bias in these studies. The tool that should have been used to assess the risk of bias in the review by Seow et al1 is the Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST),2 which includes 20 signaling questions over four domains (participants, predictors, outcome, and analysis), to cover key aspects of prediction model studies. Furthermore, when designing a systematic review of prediction model studies, the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist3 provides detailed guidance to help authors in developing their systematic review questions relating to prediction models, extracting pertinent prediction model data, and appraising prediction model studies.3 Had these more relevant tools been used, and indeed, the review process outlined by the Cochrane Prognosis Methods Group followed4; it would have enabled the authors to better appraise and utilize the included prediction model studies in their review. In particular, it would have given more depth and clarity, and allowed enhanced identification of any strength in the existing evidence and also highlighted particular areas of conduct and reporting that should be improved upon in future studies. While the authors extracted and reported the discrimination performance (such as area under the curve) of models that were included, we note that there was no comment on model calibration— an essential component of model performance.4,5 Calibration is the agreement between probabilities derived from the model versus those actually observed within the data6 and is important in understanding the accuracy of the predictions from the model.7,8 This omission could have been addressed at the design stage using the aforementioned CHARMS checklist. Consequently, the authors have missed an importan","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42273509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a low‐dose Copenhagen adduction exercise intervention on adduction strength in sub‐elite male footballers: A randomised controlled trial","authors":"J. Dawkins, Lasse Ishøi, Jake O. Willott, L. Andersen, K. Thorborg","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.238","url":null,"abstract":"Footballers with weak hip adductors are at increased risk of groin injury, and adductor strengthening has been shown to reduce this risk. However, the minimal effective dose of strength training to improve hip adductor strength and mitigate the risk of adductor problems remains unknown. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to investigate the training and detraining effects of a low‐dose Copenhagen adduction exercise (CA) intervention in sub‐elite male footballers on eccentric hip adduction strength (primary outcome) and peak adductor squeeze strength (secondary outcome). Thirty‐nine male footballers were randomised into two groups: The intervention group completed the CA twice weekly during six in‐season weeks in addition to normal football training, while the control group continued normal football training. Strength testing was performed at weeks 0, 3, 6 (training period), and weeks 7‐9 (detraining period). There was no between‐group difference in eccentric strength at week 6 and 9. There was a significant group by time interaction at 6 weeks (0.52 Nm/kg, 95% CI 0.17‐0.86) and 9 weeks (0.59 Nm/kg, 95% CI 0.25‐0.93) at which the intervention group displayed greater adductor squeeze strength. These results suggest the low‐dose CA intervention is insufficient to modify eccentric hip adduction strength but improves peak adductor squeeze strength.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"447 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45884361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horseback riding is common among female athletes who had arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome","authors":"Josefin Abrahamson, Ida Lindman, Mikael Sansone, Axel Öhlin, Pall Jonasson, J. Karlsson, A. Baranto","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.236","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose was to investigate pre‐operative symptoms and types of sport in competitive athletes undergoing arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), and to compare between genders. Competitive athletes planned for arthroscopic treatment for FAIS were included prospectively in a hip arthroscopy registry. A total of 1548 athletes were identified and 919 were included. Sporting activity and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), including HSAS, iHOT‐12, and HAGOS, were recorded, pre‐operatively. The study comprised 738 male and 181 female athletes (median age 25; interquartile range 20‐32 years) who had undergone arthroscopic treatment for FAIS. The most common sports type performed by males were football (48%) and ice hockey (19%) and in females, football (25%) and horseback riding (22%). Females reported a significantly longer duration of symptoms (median 36 vs 24 months) and lower pre‐operative scores for the iHOT‐12 and all the HAGOS subscales, except for physical activity. In conclusion, horseback riding and football are almost equally common in female athletes, while football is by far the most common in male athletes, who underwent arthroscopic treatment for FAIS. Females had a longer duration of symptoms and a higher degree of self‐reported symptoms and dysfunction prior to the hip arthroscopy.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"500 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42053550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity profiles and glucose metabolism — A population‐based cross‐sectional study in older adults","authors":"Miia Länsitie, Maisa Niemelä, M. Kangas, M. Venojärvi, P. Härkönen, S. Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, R. Korpelainen","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.237","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to analyze the relationship of accelerometry measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) profiles to glucose metabolism in 660 people aged 67‐69 years. In this cross‐sectional study, four different PA profiles were identified (couch potatoes, light movers, sedentary actives, actives) based on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SED. Glucose metabolism was determined by an oral glucose tolerance test. The prevalence of any glucose metabolism disorder was lower in more active PA profiles than in less active profiles (couch potatoes 50%, actives 33%). According to multivariable linear regression, insulin resistance, 120‐min glucose, and insulin values were lower among the actives compared with the couch potatoes (HOMA‐IR: β = −0.239, 95% CI − 0.456 to −0.022, P = .031; 120‐min glucose: β = −0.459, 95% CI − 0.900 to −0.019, P = .041; 120‐min insulin: β = −0.210, 95% CI − 0.372 to −0.049, P = .011). Prevalence of glucose metabolism disorders were lower and insulin sensitivity was better among the actives compared with the couch potatoes. Active lifestyle with daily MVPA and low SED seems to improve glucose metabolism even in older age and should be recommended for older adults.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"439 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45048023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}