Translational sports medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain in retired Great Britain’s Olympians: A cross‐sectional study","authors":"Dale J. Cooper, M. Batt, M. O’Hanlon, D. Palmer","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.284","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the point prevalence and factors associated with low back pain (LBP) in retired Great Britain's (GB) Olympians. Six hundred and thirteen retired athletes completed a cross‐sectional survey. Prevalence of LBP (pain on most days in the past 4‐weeks) was 32.1%. LBP was associated with a prior significant low back injury [aOR 2.51; 95% CI, 1.60‐ 3.92, P < .001] and a change from a healthy to a high BMI [aOR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.46‐3.34, P < .001]. Fewer cases of LBP were reported in those with a moderate training volume [aOR 0.29; 95% CI, 0.18‐0.48, P < .001] and those aged 75 years and older [aOR 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29‐0.91, P = .022]. Chronic LBP (symptoms past ≥12‐weeks) was associated with a higher pain severity [aOR 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.37. P = .031], widespread pain [aOR 2.62; 95% CI, 1.15‐5.99, P = .022], anxiety (aOR 2.99; 95% CI, 1.14‐7.80, P = .025), and depression [aOR 2.47; 95% CI, 1.08‐5.63, P = .031]. LBP is common in retired GB Olympians. Chronic symptoms were associated with features of central sensitization and imply that different pain mechanisms are involved in those with persistent symptoms. Strategies to promote health among retired athletes should consider the importance of psychological factors in the management of back pain.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"807 - 816"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44919867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elasticity of baseball players’ posterior shoulder capsule during internal rotation stretching at 30 degrees of scaption","authors":"Naoya Iida, Keigo Taniguchi, Kazuya Saizaki, S. Soma, H. Toda, M. Katayose","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.282","url":null,"abstract":"Previous cadaveric studies have identified effective stretching positions for the posterior shoulder capsules; however, it is unknown whether these stretching positions are also effective in overhead athletes. This study aimed to investigate whether passive tension was generated in the posterior shoulder capsules in baseball players during stretching positions identified in previous cadaveric studies. Fifteen male baseball players without prior shoulder injuries or surgeries participated in this study. We measured the shear moduli of the middle and inferior posterior capsules of the dominant shoulder in the resting (neutral shoulder internal/external rotation at 30 degrees of flexion) and stretching (maximal shoulder internal rotation at 30 degrees of scapular plane elevation (scaption)) positions using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The shear moduli of the middle posterior capsule were significantly higher in the stretching position than in the resting position (resting vs stretching: 20.9 vs 34.6 kPa, P < .001); however, there was no significant difference in the shear moduli between both positions in the inferior posterior capsule (22.3 vs 29.5 kPa, P = .120). Our results revealed that a large amount of passive tension is generated in the middle posterior capsule during shoulder internal rotation stretching at 30 degrees of scaption in overhead athletes.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"788 - 797"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48927185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Player adherence to SHRed injuries Basketball neuromuscular training warm‐up program: Can exercise fidelity be objectively measured?","authors":"Kimberley Befus, M. McDonough, A. Räisänen, O. Owoeye, K. Pasanen, C. Emery","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.285","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromuscular training (NMT) warm‐up programs are effective in reducing injury rates in youth team sports, including basketball, with greater adherence improving their effectiveness in preventing injuries in sport. To understand player adherence to a SHRed Injuries Basketball NMT (SIB NMT) warm‐up, we developed and utilized an observational tool to assess NMT exercise fidelity and compared exercise fidelity in boys and girls. Reliable methods for use of the SHRED Injuries Basketball Observation Tool (SIB OT) were established through two rounds of training. The percent agreement between raters was 66.09% for round one and 68.63% for round two. Sixty‐six youth basketball players (20 male and 46 female; median age 16) performing the SIB NMT were filmed. Exercise fidelity was assessed from video clips using the SIB OT. Overall exercise fidelity scores were based on total score achieved/total score attempted x100. The mean exercise fidelity score for boys [x ̅ = 57.35% (95% CI 53%‐62%)] was lower than for girls [x ̅ = 65.51% (95% CI; 62%‐69%)] (t = −2.88, P = .0027). Future research should focus on implementation strategies to improve exercise fidelity for NMT warm‐up programs in youth sport and further examine the impact of exercise fidelity on the preventative effect of NMT warm‐ups in youth sport.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"817 - 825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44386997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of chronic exposure to head impacts on the balance function of combat sports athletes","authors":"B. Follmer, A. Varga, Konrad Byron Herrmann, Yao Sun, E. Zehr","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.283","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated static and dynamic balance in combat sport athletes chronically exposed to head impacts. MMA, boxing, kickboxing, and Muay Thai athletes exposed (AE: n = 19; 14 men, 5 women; 30.2 ± 4.5 years; 1.76 ± 0.1 m; 75 ± 9.2 kg) to head impacts were compared to athletes non‐exposed (AnE: n = 25; 18 men, 7 women; 25.1 ± 3.2 years; 1.78 ± 0.1 m; 77.4 ± 10.3 kg), and control individuals (CON: n = 23, 13 men, 10 women; 25.5 ± 5.8 years; 1.75 ± 0.1m; 70.4 ± 12 kg). Static balance was assessed using the Balance Error Scoring System, and dynamic function by center of pressure shift and reactive object tracking. A low‐cost balance board was used for both protocols. AE performed worse than CON (0.01 ± 0.006 vs 0.006 ± 0.003; P = .02, d = 0.75) in the ellipse area of sway for double‐leg stance in firm condition (F2,62 = 3.94, P = .02, η2 = 0.11). Static center of pressure and dynamic balance did not differ among groups. The integration of a balance board and a widely used clinical protocol unveiled differences in the ellipse area of static postural sway in the double‐leg stance over a firm surface in athletes chronically exposed to head impacts. The combined use of practical, objective, and clinically relevant test protocols is encouraged to detect lasting deficits in static and dynamic balance as a result of chronic exposure to repetitive head impacts.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"798 - 806"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43965991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tendon blood flow, angiogenesis, and tendinopathy pathogenesis","authors":"Max Flemming Ravn Merkel, Y. Hellsten, S. Magnusson, M. Kjaer","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.280","url":null,"abstract":"Physical exercise results in a duration and intensity‐dependent vascular response in healthy human tendon. In overused (tendinopathy) and damaged tendon, angiogenic pathways are activated and neovascularization is observed. Whereas no direct relationship exists between the amount of neovessels and degree of tendinopathy symptoms, almost all tendinopathic patients have elevated neovascularization and tendon blood flow, as assessed by Doppler ultrasound methodology. The enhanced flow in tendinopathy can be successfully abolished by heavy resistance training. Already in the early time‐phase of tendinopathy (<3 months), neovascularization in the tendon exists but the causal sequence of vascular, metabolic, nociceptive, and matrix tissue changes in tendon pathology is not fully understood. Nevertheless, existing evidences point at neovascularization being an important component of pathogenesis and may occur already before the development of clinical symptoms in tendinopathy.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"756 - 771"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43226156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of imaging findings in patients with Osgood‐Schlatter disease","authors":"L. B. Sørensen, M. Rathleff, Benjamin John Floyd Dean, E. Oei, S. Magnusson, J. Olesen, S. Holden","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.281","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review aimed to describe the imaging characteristics of Osgood‐Schlatter (OSD) compared with controls and imaging findings over time. A systematic search was conducted in Embase, CINAHL, and PubMed from inception until July 2021. Forty studies were eligible and included based on inclusion criteria on OSD diagnosis, the number of patients, and imaging outcomes. In patients with OSD, but not controls, findings were soft‐tissue swelling of the cartilage and infrapatellar bursa, tendon changes, increased Doppler flow, and fragmentation of the secondary ossification center. Follow‐up studies reported improvements over time, but some identified persistent tendon thickening and/or ossicles. Adults with OSD generally present with free ossicles. Findings were inconsistent on whether different morphometric features were altered in OSD compared to controls. OSD patients were classified within the early stages of tibial tuberosity maturation. This review documents that OSD presents with tissue alterations that do not appear in controls or the patient's asymptomatic knee. Notably, a large portion had tendon involvement, and ossicles seem to be associated with residual symptoms after maturation. Standard imaging of adolescents with OSD needs to be carefully considered when determining if tissue alterations are related to disease progression or part of the normal maturation.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"772 - 787"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47614237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of exercise training on vascular function among overweight adults with obstructive sleep apnea.","authors":"Devon A Dobrosielski,&nbsp;Karla Kubitz,&nbsp;Hyunjeong Park,&nbsp;Susheel P Patil,&nbsp;Christopher Papandreou","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity due, in part, to impaired vascular function. Exercise confers cardioprotection by improving vascular health. Yet, whether OSA severity affects the vascular improvements conferred with exercise training is not known. Overweight (body mass index (BMI) >27 kg/m²) adults were evaluated for OSA and enrolled in a six-week exercise intervention. Baseline assessments of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD), central augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were repeated post training. Fifty-one participants (25 men; 26 women) completed the study. Despite improved aerobic capacity (p=0.0005) and total fat mass (p=0.0005), no change in vascular function was observed. Participants were divided into two severity groups according to their baseline total apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as either 5 to 14.9 events•hr^-1 (n= 21; Age=48 ± 7 yrs; BMI=33.7 ± 4.6kg•m^-2) or 15 ≥events•hr^-1 (n=30; Age=56 ± 13 yrs; BMI = 34.3 ± 4.2 kg•m^-2). No effect of OSA group was observed for BAFMD (p=0.82), AIx (p=0.37) or PWV (p=0.44), suggesting that OSA severity does not influence the effect of exercise on vascular function. The vascular effects of extended exercise programs of greater intensity in overweight OSA patients should be examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 5","pages":"606-616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39934210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between vitamin D status and overuse sport injuries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis","authors":"M. M. Jakobsen, R. H. Nygaard, J. Hojbjerg, J. Larsen","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.269","url":null,"abstract":"Overuse injuries in sports are common and include stress fracture and musculoskeletal inflammation. Vitamin D is important in bone metabolism and exerts anti‐inflammatory effects, and it may be protective against those injuries. The objective was to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and sport injuries. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. We used systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Sportdiscus until the 28th of June 2020. We included observational and randomized studies assessing vitamin D status. Sport injuries were defined as stress fractures or musculoskeletal injuries. A meta‐analysis was performed with stress fracture as outcome. In total 16 articles were included, 7 investigating stress fractures, and 9 investigating musculoskeletal injuries. Regarding stress fractures, serum vitamin D levels below 30 ng/mL appeared to be associated with an increased risk of stress fractures, and the meta‐analysis showed increased odds ratio for stress fracture with vitamin D insufficiency. Regarding musculoskeletal injuries only two studies found that low serum vitamin D levels were associated with musculoskeletal injuries. Low serum vitamin D levels are associated with an enhanced risk of stress fractures, while no conclusion can be made regarding musculoskeletal injuries.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"553 - 564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromuscular training and sport injury prevention in different types of sports—What we know and what we do not know?","authors":"K. Pasanen","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.275","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromuscular exercises are essential components of successful sport injury prevention and rehabilitation programs. Neuromuscular training (NMT) aims to improve neuromuscular control and functional joint stability, and above all, it aims to enhance or relearn sportspecific movement patterns and skills. Typically, NMT programs consist of strength training, balance exercises, jump training, and sportspecific exercises (such as running, change of direction technique, and agility drills). Neuromuscular training has been shown to be effective in injury prevention in youth and adult team sports.1,2 Across different team sports, regular NMT has reduced the occurrence of both acute and overuse musculoskeletal injuries. In addition, a recent study in youth rugby suggested that NMT can also decrease the risk of concussion.3 According to recent systematic reviews, the vast majority of sport injury prevention studies have focused on team sports.1,2,4 The most frequently studied sports are soccer, rugby, American football, basketball, and ice hockey.4 Injuries in team sports primarily affect the lower extremities (LE). Sudden changes of direction while running, sidestep cutting, and jump landings are typical situations in which acute LE injuries, specifically ankle and knee ligament injuries, may occur. Overuse LE injuries, such as Achilles and patellar tendinopathies are also common in team sports, most likely because players frequently make sudden sidecuts, stops, direction changes, and jump landings— all producing intensive, repetitive loading on the Achilles and patellar tendons. Consequently, the primary aim of NMT injury prevention programs in team sports is to improve athletes’ movement control, movement quality, and ultimately reduce highrisk loading of joints and tendons during highintensity cutting, direction change, and landing maneuvers. Despite high levels of evidence in favor of NMT in team sports, research of NMT for many popular and injuryprone individual sports is still lacking. Since injury prevention in running and pivoting team sports is successful by weekly NMT participation, this prevention strategy is likely to also be effective in running and pivoting individual sports as well (eg, dance, gymnastics, running, badminton, tennis). A recently published randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated injury prevention by NMT in adult recreational tennis players.5 This study revealed that this tennisspecific NMT program was not effective in injury prevention. However, the NMT program used in this study was unsupervised and adherence to NMT was not optimal. NMT and other sport injury prevention strategies can reduce the number of injuries, but only if they are properly used by athletes. Another recently published RCT revealed that a novel footcore muscle strengthening program was effective in prevention of runningrelated injuries in recreational runners.6 Runners randomized to the footcore strengthening group had 2.4fold lower rate of running","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48201906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42445054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}