Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Motor Control-based Group Exercise: Can It be Delivered as Effectively by Lay Leaders?","authors":"David M Wert,&nbsp;Subashan Perera,&nbsp;Jean F Nutini,&nbsp;Edmund M Ricci,&nbsp;Leslie Coffman,&nbsp;Rachael Turnquist,&nbsp;Jessie VanSwearingen,&nbsp;Jennifer Brach","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>On the Move (OTM), a motor control-based group exercise program for community-dwelling older adults, has produced greater gains in mobility than a standard group exercise program when delivered by research leaders. The purposes of this study were:1) to examine the effectiveness of OTM versus a standard program when delivered by lay leaders and 2) to compare the outcomes of OTM when delivered by research versus lay leaders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Community-dwelling, medically stable older adults who could walk household distances participated. OTM consisted of warm-up, timing and coordination, strengthening, and stretching exercises. The seated standard program consisted of warm-up, aerobic, strengthening and stretching exercises. The primary outcome(s) of function and disability was the Late Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI), and for walking ability were the Six Minute Walk Test and gait speed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>126 participants (mean age = 80.7±7.8 years, gait speed = 0.91 m/s) were randomized to OTM (n=49) or standard (n=77) programs. When taught by lay leaders, there were no significant between-intervention group differences in any of the outcomes (p>0.10). Comparing OTM outcomes between leaders, there was a statistical but not clinically meaningful difference in LLFDI disability (1.87±0.89, p=0.04) when taught by research versus lay leader, and moderate differences (p=0.06) in LLFDI overall function (1.89±1.02) and gait speed (0.05±0.03). Qualitative interview responses suggest that instructor-related concerns may have impacted program outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When delivered by lay leaders OTM was not more effective than a standard program for improving function, disability, and mobility in older adults. Health promotion programs designed to improve mobility in community-dwelling older adults and based on a motor control theoretical background, may be best taught by rehabilitation professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"3 3","pages":"19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10549840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Learning Increases Children's Physical Activity across Demographic Subgroups.","authors":"John B Bartholomew,&nbsp;Esbelle M Jowers,&nbsp;Gregory Roberts,&nbsp;Anna-Mária Fall,&nbsp;Vanessa L Errisuriz,&nbsp;Sharon Vaughn","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Given the need to find more opportunities for physical activity within the elementary school day, this study was designed to asses the impact of I-CAN!, active lessons on: 1) student physical activity (PA) outcomes via accelerometry; and 2) socioeconomic status (SES), race, sex, body mass index (BMI), or fitness as moderators of this impact.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 2,493 fourth grade students (45.9% male, 45.8% white, 21.7% low SES) from 28 central Texas elementary schools randomly assigned to intervention (n=19) or control (n=9). Multilevel regression models evaluated the effect of I-CAN! on PA and effect sizes were calculated. The moderating effects of SES, race, sex, BMI, and fitness were examined in separate models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Students in treatment schools took significantly more steps than those in control schools (β = 125.267, SE = 41.327, p = .002, d = .44). I-CAN! had a significant effect on MVPA with treatment schools realizing 80% (β = 0.796, SE =0.251, p = .001; d = .38) more MVPA than the control schools. There were no significant school-level differences on sedentary behavior (β = -0.177, SE = 0.824, p = .83). SES, race, sex, BMI, and fitness level did not moderate the impact of active learning on step count and MVPA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Active learning increases PA within elementary students, and does so consistently across demographic sub-groups. This is important as these sub-groups represent harder to reach populations for PA interventions. While these lessons may not be enough to help children reach daily recommendations of PA, they can supplement other opportunities for PA. This speaks to the potential of schools to adopt policy change to require active learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36109586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating Basic Science to Clinical/Real-World Applications: Relevance for Exercise Science","authors":"S. Bloomfield","doi":"10.1249/tjx.0000000000000048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Among the thousands of American College of Sports Medicine members, many are basic science researchers. Although most are physiologists, cognitive/neuroscience specialists are also contributing to the literature with important new findings about the physical and mental health effects of regular exercise. Although experimental work in cell culture or isolated tissue models can rapidly identify potential cellular and molecular mechanisms, basic scientists must work with appropriate animal models to confirm that mechanisms identified in the highly controlled environment of the petri dish still pertain when the tissue of interest is also exposed to the multiple neural, endocrine, and paracrine signals that pertain to the intact living organism. One form of translational research this journal seeks to publish are intervention trials testing whether earlier results gleaned from appropriate animal models will “translate” to human physiology.","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43535215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Protocol for a Home-based Obesity Prevention Program in Latino Preschool Children.","authors":"Sharon E Taverno Ross,&nbsp;Patricia I Documet,&nbsp;Russell R Pate,&nbsp;Ivonne Smith-Tapia,&nbsp;Lisa M Wisniewski,&nbsp;Bethany B Gibbs","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This paper describes the study design for ANDALE Pittsburgh, a culturally-appropriate, family-based intervention to promote a healthy weight in Latino preschool children.</p><p><strong>Methods/design: </strong>The study was organized into two major phases: Phase I: Conduct focus groups with 30 Latino parents of preschool children to inform the development of a culturally-appropriate intervention; Phase II: Test the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention with 50 families. Participants were recruited from an emerging Latino community through community gatherings, flyers, and word of mouth. Six <i>promotoras</i> (females >18 years, active in community) received 25 hours of training using the intervention curriculum finalized after Phase I. Promotoras delivered the home-based intervention to families over 10, 90-minute weekly sessions that included education, practice, and action (i.e., goal setting). Behavior modification constructs and strategies (e.g., goal setting, problem solving, social support), and building of self-efficacy through healthy recipe preparation and physical activity breaks, were also included. Outcomes (e.g., child BMI) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Process evaluation assessed fidelity, dose, reach, recruitment, and contextual factors using multiple data sources and mixed methods.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The ANDALE Pittsburgh study will expand the body of knowledge on interventions to promote a healthy weight in Latino preschool children living in an emerging Latino community. If successful, this approach will be evaluated in a future, larger-scale intervention and provide a potential model to help to address and prevent obesity in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"2 14","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5654603/pdf/nihms873723.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35556942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonworksite Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behavior among Adults: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Keith M Thraen-Borowski,&nbsp;Laura D Ellingson,&nbsp;Jacob D Meyer,&nbsp;Lisa Cadmus-Bertram","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sedentary behavior has been identified as a major health risk. While interventions to reduce time spent sedentary have become increasingly prevalent, the vast majority of this work in adults has been focused on workplace sedentary behavior, and often pairs sedentary reduction interventions with increasing physical activity. As research designed to specifically decrease sedentary time that is not limited to the workplace becomes available, identifying strategies and approaches, along with feasibility and efficacy of these interventions, is warranted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic databases were searched for sedentary interventions with eligibility criteria including: (a) interventions designed to explicitly reduce sedentary behavior that were not limited to the workplace, (b) outcomes specific to sedentary behavior, (c) adults aged at least 18 years, and (d) written in English.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 767 full-text manuscripts were identified, with thirteen studies meeting all eligibility criteria. While intervention characteristics and methodological quality varied greatly among studies, ten of the thirteen studies observed a significant reduction in objectively measured sitting time post-intervention. In those studies that collected participant feasibility/acceptability data, all reported that the intervention was viewed as \"favorable to very favorable,\" would use again, and that participant burden was quite low, suggesting that these interventions were feasible.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sedentary behavior interventions not limited to the workplace appear to be largely efficacious. While results varied with respect to the magnitude of the decrease in time spent sedentary, they are encouraging. However, due to the small body of evidence and the variability of study designs, our ability to make overarching statements regarding \"best practices\" at this time is limited. Well-controlled trials of longer duration with larger samples, using theoretically-based interventions with consistent prescriptions for limiting sedentary time are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"2 12","pages":"68-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5630153/pdf/nihms865597.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35585423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveys to Sidewalks: Translating Physical Activity Research into Policy and Environmental Change","authors":"A. Eyler","doi":"10.1249/tjx.0000000000000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45989696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Mortality: The Potential Impact of Sitting","authors":"P. Katzmarzyk, R. Pate","doi":"10.1249/tjx.0000000000000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000030","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, numerous studies of sedentary behavior (sitting) have documented significant associations with chronic disease and mortality outcomes (6). These results have significant implications for workplace health and associated policies, because long-term trends in occupational data suggest that sedentary occupations have increased significantly in the United States between 1960 and 2008 (1). Self-reported levels of sitting in the United States average approximately 4.7 h·d (3); however, this estimate is likely conservative because individuals tend to underreport their sitting behavior. For example, a study among Australian adults using an objective assessment (inclinometer) reported an average of 8.8 h of sitting per day (4). Furthermore, objective data collected by accelerometry in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicate that children and adults spend approximately 7.7 h·d being sedentary (5). Thus, a large proportion of the U.S. population is exposed to excessive levels of sedentary behavior and is at increased health risk because of this exposure. A topic of interest that has been addressed in this arena is whether the observed associations of sedentary behavior and increased chronic disease and mortality risk are modified or moderated by physical activity (light, moderate, vigorous, or total). Studies typically statistically “adjust” for a measure of physical activity by including it in a statistical model as a covariate or by stratifying the analysis by level of physical activity (i.e., active vs inactive). Using this approach, Ekelund et al. (2) recently reported the results of a meta-analysis of data from 1,005,791 participants from 13 studies who were followed for all-cause mortality between 2 and 18 yr. A total of 8.4% of the participants died during follow-up, and the hazardous","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42033292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation Goes Both Ways: The Power of Reverse Translation from Human Trials into Animal Models","authors":"J. T. Lightfoot, M. Bamman, F. Booth","doi":"10.1249/tjx.0000000000000029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Much attention has been given to “translational research” with the assumption that such models follow a stepwise progression from basic/discovery science at the bench to application at the bedside. This practice ignores the valuable reverse aspect of translational research (i.e., “reverse translation”) where discoveries or observations at the bedside can inform and stimulate more mechanistic, basic work back at the bench, which in turn should expedite clinical applicability. This commentary reflects on the current thinking regarding reverse translation, with particular emphasis on the value of reverse translational design in understanding acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise. Overall, we conclude that reverse translational designs offer a powerful avenue of investigation that should be fully leveraged to maximize impact on the understanding and treatment of human disease.","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43833666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Research to Community Practice","authors":"J. Donnelly","doi":"10.1249/tjx.0000000000000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In April 2016, the American College of Sports Medicine launched a new journal, the Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine. Translational research is difficult to define and means different things to different individuals. It is a bit analogous to the phrase “I can't define it but I know it when I see it.” However, the essence of translational science is the attempt to apply basic and clinical science findings to communities and populations. That is, take what is known and apply it to the real world.","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"28 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41276180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing and Evaluating an Older Adult Physical Activity Model at Scale: Framework for Action","authors":"H. McKay, J. Sims-Gould, L. Nettlefold, C. Hoy, A. Bauman","doi":"10.1249/tjx.0000000000000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Most research intervention trials demonstrate efficacy in selected samples. However, to improve population health, interventions that prove efficacious or effective in a research setting need to be delivered at scale. Despite this, relatively little attention has been paid to mechanisms and factors that support scaling up effective interventions. Thus, the purpose of this article is to describe the conceptual frameworks that guide implementation at scale of an evidence-based physical activity strategy for older adults (Choose to Move), our partnership approach to implementation and scale-up, and the methods we adopted to evaluate implementation and impact of this scaled-up model on older adults' physical activity, mobility, and social connectedness. From a socioecologic perspective, we describe 1) the design of the Choose to Move intervention, 2) the partnerships with key delivery organizations, 3) the implementation and scale-up frameworks that guide our approach, 4) the delivery of Choose to Move at scale, and 5) the protocols we will adopt to evaluate implementation and impact of Choose to Move. We adopt a type 2 hybrid effectiveness–implementation pre- and post-study design guided by scale-up, implementation, and evaluation frameworks. Specifically, we will first evaluate contextual factors that influence the implementation of Choose to Move. Second, we will evaluate effectiveness of Choose to Move on older adults' physical activity, sedentary time, capacity for mobility, and social connectedness using mixed methods. To address the escalating proportion of older adults that comprise our population and low levels of physical activity among them, it seems timely to refocus away from small-scale interventions. Should Choose to Move, a scalable, evidence-based physical activity model, be successfully delivered at scale, our approach has great implications to enhance older adult health at the population level.","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45296914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}