Theriogenology wild最新文献

{"title":"The wildlife biobanking of germ cells for in situ and ex situ conservation in Japan","authors":"Mayako Fujihara,&nbsp;Miho Inoue-Murayama","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Japan arcs from north to south and is abundant in biodiversity with different climates in each region. Japan has many endemic species/populations, such as the Tsushima leopard cat (<em>Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus)</em> and the Okinawa rail (<em>Hypotaenidia okinawae</em>), which threaten to become endangered. Furthermore, Japan is one of the countries with the highest number of zoos and aquariums in the world and keeps many wildlife species, many of which are endangered, in captive environments. Effective management of genetic diversity and acceleration of reproduction are essential for the conservation of endangered species, both inside and outside their natural habitats. Germ cell preservation and assisted reproductive technologies have great potential to rescue genetic resources and contribute to the reproduction of endangered species. The long-term preservation of germ cells in Japan is reviewed here in the context of the biodiversity maintenance of germ cells from animals that have died under human care or natural habitats in Japan. We also present a review of our cross-disciplinary strategy to conserve endangered species using germ cell preservation as a genetic resource with genomic and endocrine research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773093X24000175/pdfft?md5=98865ae73362cf1ab2806c9190b70752&pid=1-s2.0-S2773093X24000175-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140618440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal metabolite and blood steroid concentration patterns in relation to reproductive behavior during the ovarian cycle of African lions (Panthera leo)","authors":"Isabel Callealta ,&nbsp;Imke Lueders ,&nbsp;Javier Callealta ,&nbsp;Andre Ganswindt","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To develop successful <em>ex-situ</em> breeding programs for the conservation of threatened wildlife, an understanding of reproductive endocrinology in the species of interest is essential. Fecal hormone metabolite patterns are widely used in this regard, but limited information is available regarding how these reflect blood hormone profiles. This study aimed to longitudinally monitor and compare circulating progestagen (sP) and estrogen (sE) concentrations, as well as fecal progestagen (fPM) and estrogen (fEM) metabolite concentrations with observed reproductive behaviors of African lionesses. For 18 months, blood sampling (<em>n</em> = 309) from five captive lionesses took place 1–7 times per week during positive reinforcement training. In parallel, over a period of 9 months, fecal samples (<em>n</em> = 129) from four of these lionesses were searched for daily and collected when found. Daily behavioral monitoring of all females enabled classification of reproductive stage according to presence/absence of characteristic behavioral events <em>(i.e</em>., “allowing mount”, “copulation”, “flirting run”, “lordosis”, “purring”, and “rolling”). Competitive enzyme immunoassays were used for steroid quantification. In total, 11 an-ovulatory and 16 ovulatory cycles (7 pregnancies and 9 pseudo-pregnancies) were assessed. When compared, the pattern of fecal hormone metabolite concentrations matched reproductive behavior more reliably than circulating steroid concentrations. Both sP and fPM patterns were correlated (<em>n</em> = 51; r = 0.86) and enabled identification of luteal phases, which helped to distinguish between pregnant and non-pregnant females. In contrast, detection of estrus by measurement of sE and fEM was not accurate regardless of the matrix evaluated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773093X24000205/pdfft?md5=80e253ab46e10720e9bde237f7e2f43f&pid=1-s2.0-S2773093X24000205-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141032961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of age and weight on seminal parameters of golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) in ex situ conditions and potential use of seminal coagulum for molecular procedures","authors":"Patrícia Hergert Bacher ,&nbsp;Isabela Midori Watanabe ,&nbsp;Paloma Rocha Arakaki ,&nbsp;Bruno Sauce ,&nbsp;Rodrigo del Rio do Valle ,&nbsp;Andréa Cristina Peripato","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The golden-headed lion tamarin (<em>Leontopithecus chrysomelas</em>) is an endangered primate endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Conservation efforts for the species involve applying reproductive biotechniques to preserve genetic resources and ensure the management of populations in both <em>ex situ</em> and <em>in situ</em> conditions. This study aims to initiate investigations into seminal and molecular factors influencing the reproductive potential of sexually mature males. Semen was collected using the penile vibrostimulation technique, and seminal parameters were assessed in two groups: the 'Old' group (average age 11.6 years; n=6) and the 'Young' group (average age 4.8 years; n=6). ANOVA results indicated age-related influences on plasma membrane integrity (p=0.049), acrosomal integrity (p=0.009), and DAB IV (p=0.026) for both groups. Linear regression revealed significant correlations between seminal parameters and age (plasma membrane integrity (p=0.021), acrosomal integrity (p=0.05), and DAB III (p=0.024)), alongside animal weight (plasma membrane integrity (p=0.010), acrosomal integrity (p=0.009), DAB III (p=0.33), and DAB IV (p=0.066)). In an effort to advance reproductive techniques and sperm selection, a protocol utilizing a discontinuous Percoll gradient was employed. Despite its effectiveness in isolating gametes, there were no significant gains in the reevaluated parameters post-selection, necessitating adjustments in the methodology. While semen cryopreservation is common in wild species, challenges arise due to seminal coagulum in many neotropical primate ejaculates, hindering gamete use in reproductive procedures. Given the precious nature of and the considerable effort involved in collecting semen from these animals, it would be desirable to maximize the sample's utility. The liquid fraction could be applied in reproductive biotechniques, while the spermatozoa contained in the clot could be utilized as a non-invasive approach for molecular evaluation of these gametes. This study established a protocol for RNA extraction from sperm retained in the seminal coagulum, highlighting its genetic richness often discarded post-processing. In summary, our study emphasizes the importance of early cryopreservation of semen to safeguard the reproductive potential of <em>L. chrysomelas</em>. Additionally, we propose further exploration of RNA quantity in gametes as a non-invasive tool for inferring male fertility, given the pivotal role of sperm RNA transcripts in regulating the activation of the female gamete and gene expression during early embryo development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773093X24000291/pdfft?md5=0769a9857ef5efe4ffd4ee2129352563&pid=1-s2.0-S2773093X24000291-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High temperature during photorefractory stage attenuates photoperiodic responses during photostimulatory stage in male tree sparrows (Passer montanus)","authors":"Zothanmawii Renthlei,&nbsp;Montak Mongku,&nbsp;Subu Yatung,&nbsp;Ruth Lalpekhlui,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photoperiod is the most reliable environmental cue, though other environmental factors may affect breeding. We hypothesized that exposure to high temperatures at the photorefractory stage suppresses photoperiodic responses during the photostimulatory phase. Male adult photorefractory tree sparrows (n=10/group) were exposed to short photoperiod (SD;16 L:8D) but either high (30 ± 2 ⁰C) or low temperature (20 ± 2 ⁰C) for five or seven weeks and then long photoperiod (LD; 16 L:8D) for 30 days. mRNA levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone-β (<em>Tshβ</em>), type 2 deiodinase (<em>Dio2</em>), type 3 deiodinase (<em>Dio3</em>), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (<em>GnRh</em>), gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (<em>GnIh</em>), and EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 3 (<em>Eya3</em>) were measured in hypothalamic and expression levels of <em>StAR</em>, <em>ER</em>, <em>CYP17</em>, <em>CYP11B</em>, <em>FOXOL1</em>, and <em>Nr4A1</em> were measured in the testes. Results show that exposure to 5 weeks of high temperature coupled with Short days suppresses expression of <em>Tshβ</em>, <em>Dio2</em>, and <em>GnRh</em> in the hypothalamus and <em>StAR</em>, <em>ER</em>, <em>CYP17A1</em>, and <em>CYP11B</em> in the testes under long days. No such effects were observed in birds exposed to high temperatures along with SD for seven weeks. These findings suggest that exposure to high temperature during the photorefractory stage modulates photoperiodic responses during the photostimulatory stage in time dependent manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773093X2400031X/pdfft?md5=a304f076296355b7996dc9d0e3811de8&pid=1-s2.0-S2773093X2400031X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141413852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sperm storage in males of the Neotropical rattlesnake Crotalus durissus (Squamata: Viperidae): Structure and seasonal variation of the distal ductus deferens","authors":"Leonardo Carvalho ,&nbsp;Gleide Fernandes de Avelar ,&nbsp;Flávia Cappuccio de Resende","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In species with asynchronous reproductive cycles, where gamete production is not aligned with the mating season, either males or females must store sperm. This reproductive tactic is an obligatory feature of male rattlesnakes’ reproductive cycle due to asynchrony between spermatogenesis and mating. Given that the ductus deferens is the primary site of sperm storage in male snakes, we aimed to investigate the morphological and histochemical changes in the distal ductus deferens of <em>C. durissus</em> throughout its reproductive cycle. In this species, spermatogenesis begins in spring and peaks in summer, while testes regress during autumn and winter. The distal ductus deferens of 28 mature male specimens was evaluated using histomorphometric and histochemical methods. Spermatozoa were consistently observed within the lumen of the ductus deferens in almost all specimens. The principal cells of the distal region of ductus deferens reacted positively for Periodic Acid-Schiff and Bromophenol Blue. Secretions were observed in the apical region of the principal cells' cytoplasm and along the epithelium edge, which may be related to gamete maintenance. Increased secretory activity of the principal cells was observed during periods of testicular activity. A reduction in the lumen of ductus deferens occurs during testicular regression, indicating possible fluid resorption by epithelial cells. Fluid resorption might be one of the mechanisms to ensure stored sperm viability, as it provides an increase in the glycoprotein’s concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue: Biomarkers of reproductive health in wildlife","authors":"Kerry V. Fanson ,&nbsp;Janine L. Brown ,&nbsp;Tamara Keeley ,&nbsp;Beth M. Roberts ,&nbsp;Franz Schwarzenberger","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773093X2400028X/pdfft?md5=d73cfb7410eb3e5403e09f0b44082d08&pid=1-s2.0-S2773093X2400028X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141424392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Kinosternon scorpioides turtle embryos through egg candling","authors":"Brenda Braga ,&nbsp;Cassiane Leal ,&nbsp;Verônica Oliveira-Bahia ,&nbsp;Maria Auxiliadora Ferreira ,&nbsp;José Ribamar Felipe Marques ,&nbsp;Diva Araújo Guimarães","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective management practices are critical for the successful reproduction of animals in captivity or in <em>in situ</em> environments. One of the techniques used in egg quality control is candling. In <em>ex situ</em> reproduction of <em>Kinosternon scorpioides</em>, it is important to establish incubation protocols, which, through egg management, allow control of embryonic development and improved birth rates. We incubated eggs and monitored embryonic development of <em>K. scorpioides</em> through egg candling. Fertile eggs were incubated, and candling analyses were performed weekly. Embryonic development in the early stages (first third of incubation) presented the following characteristics: presence of the vitelline circulatory system, expansion of this system, and descent of the embryo onto the yolk. Then, in the middle stages (second third of incubation), the intense pigmentation of the embryo was observed, with the body moving to prone position. Subsequently, in the late stages, the embryo grew, filling a large part of the internal space of the egg. The incubation period took on average 116.50 ± 13.11 days. Candling can be used to monitor the embryonic development of <em>K. scorpioides</em>. It is a useful tool to improve the production of hatchlings, from fertility detection to hatching.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773093X24000254/pdfft?md5=430ecd048b6e1603143a4fe0626fb625&pid=1-s2.0-S2773093X24000254-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141242255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) sexual behavior and reproductive physiology leading to conception","authors":"Heather M. Manitzas Hill ,&nbsp;Malin K. Lilley ,&nbsp;Jackson R. Ham ,&nbsp;Todd Robeck","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review summarizes the available literature on the knowledge of reproduction in white whales or belugas (<em>Delphinapterus leucas</em>). We discuss reproductive anatomy, physiology, endocrinology, and behavior prior to conception. Following a description of these basic reproductive parameters for each sex, the review describes the mating system of belugas as it is currently understood and summarizes the ontogeny of reproductive behavior and its relationship with hormones. Finally, we highlight gaps that currently exist in our functional understanding of reproductive behavior in belugas. Future research emphasizes the need to understand mate choice in belugas and how it manifests across the lifespan and potentially settings. Specifically, does the quality of belugas’ display behaviors influence reproductive success? Managing wild populations of belugas and caring for belugas in human care both benefit from the knowledge that can be gained from the research topics discussed in this review.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773093X24000023/pdfft?md5=57109aada70ebab53f135b18b5df3343&pid=1-s2.0-S2773093X24000023-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ and ex situ jaguar (Panthera onca) reproduction: What do we have so far?","authors":"Thyara Deco-Souza ,&nbsp;Gediendson Ribeiro Araújo ,&nbsp;Cristiane Schilbach Pizzutto ,&nbsp;Letícia Alecho Requena ,&nbsp;Pedro Nacib Jorge-Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assisted reproductive technologies enable the transportation and exchange of genetic material, so it is an essential complementary tool in conservation programs. Unfortunately, the difficulty of accessing a significant number of animals under suitable physiological conditions hampers the advancement of these technologies. Pharmacological semen collection in jaguars is effective in acquiring a sufficient amount of sperm. However, the outcomes of artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilization operations are impacted by poor sperm quality and limited freezability of the cells. Hormonal stimulation with eCG and hCG may be used to collect oocytes in jaguars; however, proximity to males influences ovarian response to exogenous hormones. Thus, the non-copulatory ovulation stimuli pattern must be considered in AI and laparoscopic ovum pick-up protocols in this species. Somatic cells may be an alternative for biobanks since they are easier to collect and transport and can be obtained from any age, sex, or origin of an animal, including post-mortem samples. Our research group recently succeeded in cultivating cells from three jaguars that were found dead on highways, demonstrating that cultivation is effective even in degenerating tissues. In this instance, xenotransplantation of cryopreserved fragments improved culture effectiveness and brought cell quality back up to par with that of fresh tissue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773093X24000011/pdfft?md5=3243db089778a01cb518147cfda741d6&pid=1-s2.0-S2773093X24000011-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139396001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the utility of harvester-collected samples for muskox (Ovibos moschatus) pregnancy diagnostics","authors":"Olivia Hee ,&nbsp;Mathieu Pruvot ,&nbsp;Fabien Mavrot ,&nbsp;Eleanor R. Dickinson ,&nbsp;Gabriela F. Mastromonaco ,&nbsp;Kugluktuk Angoniatit Association ,&nbsp;Olokhaktomiut Hunters and Trappers Committee ,&nbsp;Ekaluktutiak Hunters and Trappers Organization ,&nbsp;Lisa-Marie Leclerc ,&nbsp;John Blake ,&nbsp;Carla Willetto ,&nbsp;Jan Adamczewski ,&nbsp;Susan Kutz","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monitoring wildlife health in remote and vast regions of the Arctic can be difficult and expensive, but community-based monitoring programs can help alleviate these issues. Reliable bio-monitoring tools, compatible with sample types collected from remote regions, are needed to determine indicators of population health, such as reproductive rates. We sought to establish methods to diagnose pregnancy in muskoxen (<em>Ovibos moschatus)</em> using samples that are commonly collected in harvester-based sampling programs: blood on filter paper and feces. We first evaluated three pregnancy tests, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) on filter paper blood samples and fecal progesterone and estrogen metabolites (FPM and FEM), using 12 captive female muskoxen of known pregnancy status. Pregnancy diagnostics using PAG were highly sensitive (100 %) and specific (100 %), with a diagnostic threshold of 19.4 percent positivity (%P) relative to the positive control of the test kit. FPM and FEM diagnostic accuracy differed by hormone and time period. FPM was most accurate in mid-gestation and FEM most accurate in late gestation (sensitivities and specificities of 100 %), but both were overall less accurate than the PAG test during gestation. PAG %P followed a biphasic pattern during gestation, FPM peaked in mid-gestation, and FEM peaked in late-gestation. Following the captive trial, we applied these tests to fecal samples and blood on filter paper samples from 159 adult female muskoxen that were submitted by harvesters through community-based monitoring programs in the Canadian Arctic. The observed patterns of PAG, FPM, and FEM in wild muskoxen throughout gestation were similar to captive muskoxen, though with lower levels of the respective biomarker, requiring different diagnostic thresholds for each test. This work with captive and wild muskoxen provides guidelines for pregnancy diagnostics in muskoxen throughout gestation using samples that can be easily collected by harvesters, allowing for improved monitoring of difficult to access populations through community-based approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773093X24000412/pdfft?md5=130f23080a148c8f3bea68c9242a8da0&pid=1-s2.0-S2773093X24000412-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}