Agroecological journal最新文献

{"title":"Efficiency of using new Rhizobium strains on legume crops","authors":"A. Levishko, I. Gumeniuk, Yevheniia Tkach, Y. Ternovyi, Yu. A. Kravchuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.257130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.257130","url":null,"abstract":"During significant time, the use of bean-rhizobial systems and development of effective, competitive microbial preparations have been an integral part of organic farming. Also, in intensive technologies, only due to such ones, it is possible without reducing the achieved level of agricultural production to reduce its cost, harmful effects on the environment and at the same time to achieve ecological purity of products selection of highly effective strains that have adapted to local soil and climatic conditions and acquired resistance to nutrients and plant protection is the most promising strategy to increase the effectiveness of microbial inoculants. The aim of this work was to select highly effective strains that have adapted to local soil and climatic conditions and have become resistant to nutrients and plant protection and are the most promising for improving the effectiveness of microbial inoculants. Field researches were conducted in the research fields of the Skvyra Research Station of Organic Production of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS (Ukraine, Kyiv region, Skvyra) during 2020–2021. Nitrogen-fixing activity of root nodules was determined by acetylene method. The gas mixture was analyzed on an «Agilent 6850 chromatograph». The paper presents the results of research to establish the effectiveness of new strains of inoculants on crops of legumes: soybean of Moravia variety and peas of Starter variety in the Kyiv region, Skvyra Research Station of Organic Production of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS. The significant effect of new rhizobia strains for inoculation of legumes on phenological indicators and yield of these crops in the conditions of intensive technologies was shown. The competitiveness of strains is controlled by both internal determinants — genotype of the microorganism, and external factors such as symbiont plant physiology, exposure to abiotic factors, tolerance to pesticides and agrochemicals used in crop production technologies. It has been shown that the use for inoculation of soybean strain B. japonicum EL 35 and for inoculation of peas strain R. leguminosarum bv. viciae PS 12 stimulate the development of plants during their growing season and allow to obtain symbiotic systems with a high level of nitrogen fixation, as a result of which we can increase the yield of legumes from 16 to 20%.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84402984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological features of floristic structure of devastated lands of the RightBank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"O. Mudrak, A. Mahdiichuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.257123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.257123","url":null,"abstract":"In the proposed article we highlight the features of the floristic structure of the devastated lands of the Right Bank forest-steppe on the example of the Andriikovetskyi sand quarry. The research was conducted using general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, monitoring), field study and in-house research, herbarium specimens were collected and a summary of quarry flora was compiled. Ecological conditions within the mining facilities are formed individually, which is associated with the degree of anthropogenic disturbance and natural conditions of the region. It was found, that after the decommissioning of the study facility, the initial stages of plant succession within the quarry was influenced by such factors as unstable hydroclimatic conditions (significant influence is the availability of moisture for plants), elemental composition and structure of sand substrate, uneven terrain. During three years of research, 71 species of plants were identified by the collected herbarium material, the leading families are Asteraceae (14 genuses), which is typical for holarctic flora; Rosaceae (10 genuses); Fabaceae (5 genuses). It has been determined that according to Raunkier’s classification, hemicryptophytes predominate in the quarry territory, according to Serebryakov’s classification — grass polycarpics. It was found, that the structure of aboveground shoots is dominated by rosetteless species, the structure of the root system — species with a taproot. Were analyzed, that ecological structure of flora displays the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions and affects their distribution in ecotopes: the ratio of plants to light is dominated by heliophytes distributed in the most illuminated areas (for example, Galiummollugo L., Medicago sativa L., Trifolium pratense L.); to moisture — mesophytes, to temperature — megatherms, to nutrition — mesotrophs. The presence of a significant number of mesophytic and mesotrophic species indicates the beginning of the accumulation of elements and humic compounds necessary for the development of a stable phytocenosis. Among cenomorphs, the most numerous are ruderants (22.5% of the total number of species), silvants (11.3%), stepants (11.3%) and transitional types: pratant — ruderants (11.3%) and pratant-silvants (8.4%). According to the degree of adaptation to anthropogenic changes, autochthonous and allochthonous fractions were distinguished, and the share of apophytic species (23 species) prevails over adventitious (14 species). Among the apophytes, has been identified the most numerous group — aboriginal species that have completely switched to anthropogenic habitats (13 species); among the adventitious faction predominate species that are fully naturalized on anthropogenic ecotopes (11 species), at the time of settlement there are species listed before and after the XVI century. This differentiation of floristic composition confirms the need for renaturalization measures to stabilize edaphic condit","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83573196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological and agrochemical assessment of the state of agricultural landscapes in Ivano-Frankivsk region","authors":"H. Davydiuk, L. Shkarivska, I. Klymenko, N. Dovbash, O. Demyanyuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.255188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.255188","url":null,"abstract":"In the Western region of Ukraine, one of the main factors influencing the ecological safety of agricultural landscapes is anthropogenic pressure. Based on monitoring studies, ecological and agrochemical assessment of the state of agrolandscapes of IvanoFrankivsk region is conducted, in particular in residential areas. The state of soils, natural waters and crop production was studied by the method of route monitoring. Chemical and analytical studies were carried out using methods of chemical, physical and chemical analysis using modern methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometry, in accordance with the requirements of the quality management system, according to methods that meet the regulatory framework of Ukraine. It was determined that some of the studied soil samples had very low acidity and high content of biogenic elements (especially phosphorus and potassium) and pollutants. The quality of natural waters in some cases did not meet the regulatory requirements. This is due to both natural factors — features of the hydrological regime, and anthropogenic — violation of sanitary rules for the development of the territory, the introduction of high doses of mineral and organic fertilizers, noncompliance with manure storage technologies, the maintenance of domestic animals and poultry, and the disposal of livestock and household waste. Some samples of crop products did not meet sanitary and hygienic standards for the content of lead, cadmium, nickel, copper and iron. Studies indicate a significant impact of the anthropogenic factor on the change in the quality of soil, natural waters and crop production. Conducting an ecological and agrochemical assessment of the state of agricultural landscapes in the Western region, including residential areas and establishing the features of migration and accumulation of biogenic elements and ecotoxicants, is a promising area of research to develop measures to prevent pollution of soil, groundwater, open reservoirs and plant products.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73073973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological and economic aspects of certain agricultural crops cultivation on sod-podzolic soil of Western Polissya of Ukraine","authors":"V. Polovyi, L. Yashchenko, H. Rovna, T. Kolesnyk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.257127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.257127","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of cultures in short-rotation crop rotation of Western Polissia on the ecological component of sod-podzolic cohesive-sandy soil by the analyzing the balances of nutrients and humus is shown and an economic assessment of their cultivation is given. The most accessibly and fairly objective a complex assessment of certain crops impact on the ecological state of the soil can be carried out by their contribution to the formation of balances of humus and nutrients. In article used the results of researches obtained in a field stationary experiment with winter wheat, maize for grand, spring barley and winter rape for 2012–2020 years. To assess the impact of cultures on the balances formation was chosen variant with the recommended rate of mineral fertilizers on the background of 1.0 Ha (hydrolytic acidity) dose of CaMg(CO3)2 (dolomite flour). It has studied that the supply of nutrients with plant biomass is a powerful source of their recycling. In particular, the highest content of nitrogen (3.56 and 2.75%) and phosphorus (0.95–0.99%) was obtained in rapeseed and winter wheat, while by-products showed the accumulation of potassium (1.52 and 1.39%) respectively. Taking into account the obtained results, the influence of growing crops on the formation of nutrient and humus balances was determined. It was established that by liming and fertilization with the return to the soil of by-products biomass of the studied crops was formed a positive balance of nitrogen in the range of 29.6–43.4 kg/ha, phosphorus 23.0–54.9 kg/ha, potassium 71.6–99.8 kg/ha. Only with the application of N120 under maize for grain was obtained nitrogen deficiency of –47.5 kg/ha. Due to crop residues and by-products of the studied crops, a positive balance of humus was determined: winter wheat 0.73 t/ha, corn for grain 2.17, spring barley 0.40 and winter rape 0.11 t/ha. The economic component of the technology of studied crops growing showed that the largest net profit was achieved for marginal crops: maize for grain (19.8 thousand UAH/ha) and winter oilseed rape (14.4 thousand UAH/ha). Due to the restrictive effect of other factors, primarily moisture supply, the system of fertilizing winter wheat and spring barley did not create conditions for the realization of the planned yield, which led to low profitability of their production.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73288931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic mycobiot of seeds of cereal crops under the influence of different growing technologies","authors":"I. Beznosko, T. Gorgan, Y. Turovnik, I. Mostoviak, V. Mudrak","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.255185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.255185","url":null,"abstract":"One of the important factors in obtaining quality seeds of cereals is the technology of cultivation, which should ensure high yields and quality of grain and be safe for the environment. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the impact of different growing technologies on the pathogenic microflora of the seeds winter wheat and oats. It was established that on the seeds of winter wheat of the variety Oberig Myronivskyi according to the traditional growing technology 7 genera of phytopathogenic micromycetes parasitized such as Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Acremoniella spp., Bipolaris spp., Penicillium spp., Cladosporim spp., which were characterized by different frequency of occurrence from 10% to 60%. On the seeds of oat variety Timbre we identified such phytopathogenic micromycetes as Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Chaetomiums spp., Drechslera spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., where their frequency of occurrence was from 10 to 50%. The highest frequency of occurrence the seeds winter wheat and oats by traditional growing technologies was characterized by genera Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. This can create a significant problem when storing seeds and suppress its germination. Under organic growing technology on winter wheat seeds of the variety Oberig Myronivskyi micromycetes of the following genera: Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Chaetomiums spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Bipolaris spp. were identified, where their frequency of occurrence was from 25 to 50%. On the seeds of oats of the variety Timbre there were micromycetes of genera: Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Chaetomiums spp., Drechslera spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp. with frequency of occurrence from 10 to 50%. The dominant genus was Trichoderma spp. Fungi of this genus have the ability to multiply rapidly, which will compete with other microorganisms. The growing technology of cereal affect not only the number and frequency of occurrence phytopathogenic micromycetes on seeds, but also sporulation and their reproductive structures. It was found that the seeds of winter wheat and oats, in the conditions of traditional growing technology, the similarity of micromycetes was 56%. At the same time, the coefficient similarity of species the phytopathogenic micromycetes on the seeds of the studied crops, in terms of organic technology, was slightly higher and amounted to 63%. The analyzed indicators, such as the frequency of occurrence and the similarity coefficient, make it possible to evaluate the seeds of growing plant varieties in order to avoid biological contamination of agrocenoses with infectious structures of the phytopathogenic micromycetes.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81584473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ways to reduce the impact of livestock facilities on the environment","authors":"O. Boyko, O. Honchar, O. Havrysh, M. Nebilitsa, T. Osokina","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.257118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.257118","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the study of the impact of livestock facilities on the state of the environment are presented. To ensure environmental safety, pollutant emissions are regulated by implementing environmental protection policies. Therefore, there is a need to develop scientifically sound approaches to improve methods of regulating emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from low-capacity livestock facilities, which determines the relevance of this work. The analysis of the existing researches taking into account the European system of inventory of EMEP («CORINAIR») is carried out. A number of measures have been identified to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from livestock facilities. It is established that for the last 16 years there is a tendency to reduce the number of farm animals, in particular: cattle by 41.4% and pigs by 21.4%. The exception is poultry, which increased by 28.5% during this period. At the same time, as a result of economic activity of livestock facilities such pollutants as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, etc.), phenols, esters, carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones), carbon acids, sulfides and disulfides, mercaptans, amines, carbon dioxide. The efficiency of introduction of entomological method of utilization of organic waste of animal husbandry which allows receiving simultaneously protein of animal origin and organic fertilizers with the improved physical and mechanical properties is established. Pig manure after processing by larvae of flies becomes a valuable organic fertilizer that has a nematodicidal effect. It is especially valuable for indoor use. Application of biohumus to the soil at the rate of 400 g/m2 reduces the number of nematodes and delays its emergence. Thus, obtaining humus is essentially a solution to the problem of using the ecological mechanism of soil fertility restoration. This addresses the issue of humus biotechnology, which is an alternative to soil chemicalization and creates the conditions for biologization and greening of agriculture. Also, one of the ways to reduce the negative impact on the environment is to dispose of waste in agriculture by producing biogas. This allows you to get a fuel mixture of gases with a heat of combustion of about 20–25 MJ/m3 and methane content in the range of 60–75%, as well as reduce the load of polluting gases on the environment.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80351051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban agriculture as a component of the concept of energy efficient community","authors":"N. Pasichnyk, O. Tarariko, N. Yasinska, O. Opryshko","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.255191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.255191","url":null,"abstract":"Issues of quality and diversity of available food, environmental safety and guarantees of sustainable energy supply are becoming critical for the population of urban areas. Part of the urbanized areas cannot be used directly for food production for environmental reasons, but it is quite suitable for the production of energy from biomass. In order to create strategies for processing organic biomass from urban plantations of parks and squares, it is necessary to determine the tools for obtaining and interpreting data on the available and prospective amount of biomass in cities, which was the purpose of our work. Unmanned aerial vehicle studies were conducted at the Botanical Garden of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine using the Slantrange 3P multispectral sensor system from an industrialtype UAV platform. The study of squares and lawns of the city was conducted using an archive of satellite images in the visible range of high resolution — 0.5 m/pixel and a specialized agricultural service EO Browser with a resolution of images of 10 m/pixel. Monitoring of the park using the Slantrange 3P complex, with specialized SlantView software, allowed to identify tree crowns and grass cover, while it was not possible to distinguish vines. The best identification results for the Slantrange complex were obtained for the red and infrared measurement channels. Using satellite monitoring data, the possibility of identifying the biomass of trees and shrubs occurs in drought conditions, when the grass on the lawns suffers more than trees and shrubs, apparently due to the developed root system. It is noted that satellite imagery is usually carried out at different angles and, accordingly, fixed both roofs and partially walls of buildings, and accordingly, such imagery is more suitable for assessing the biomass of promising vertical landscaping with vines.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75014574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific fundamentals of land technological passport of agricultural enterprise","authors":"O. Drebot, D. Dobriak, P. Melnyk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.255190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.255190","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the essence and concepts, and the content of land-agro-technological passport of an agricultural enterprise as a scientific basis for environmentally safe and cost-effective land use, ensuring adequate productivity of soil cover, protecting it from degradation processes. The basis of ecologically safe land use of the enterprise is the productivity of soils for growing major crops within the zone of their location, which is expressed by the degree of compliance of soil properties with agricultural requirements of plants and opportunities to achieve appropriate yields. The graphic materials substantiate and show the soil-technological characteristics of crop rotation fields, cartogram of agrochemical characteristics of soils, restrictions on property rights and land use. The passport will serve as a reliable legal document for control over the rational use and protection of agricultural land.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80181598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nectaronous and pollonous plants in forest plantations of the Middle Forest-Steppe of Prydniprovia","authors":"I. Solomakha, I. Tymochko, V. Postoienko, V. Solomakha","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.257124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.257124","url":null,"abstract":"To provide the beekeeping industry with honey lands it is important to have a significant variety of natural and cultivated raw materials in a particular region. In this regard, promising honey products are artificial and natural forest plantations, which are widespread in the Middle Forest-Steppe of Prydniprovia, due to the significant participation of a wide range of honey plants. We primarily analyzed the participation of nectar- and pollen-bearing plants from the list of tree and shrub species of forest plantations in this area. For this purpose, forest management materials were used, the total area of forest plantations in this area is 251341.3 ha, of which 245209.7 ha (97.56%) are nectar- and pollen-bearing plants. Thus, Robinia pseudoacacia (26406.0 ha, 10.51%) and Tilia cordata (1868.8 ha, 0.74%) are the main raw material species of the forest-forming species, which includes 54 species of woody and shrubby honey plants. They provide the main productive honey harvest from natural honey plants. In addition, other species were found in the plantations (Pinus sylvestris (116592.9 ha, 46.39%), Quercus robur (60049.7 ha, 23.89%), Fraxinus excelsior (7835.5 ha, 3.12%) etc.), which can be sources of medical collection of small amounts of nectar and pollen. Forest plantations with available species of woody, shrubby and herbaceous plant species are valuable as raw materials for beekeeping. As a result of the analysis of the raw material value of forest lands by forest types in the ecological conditions of the Middle Forest-Steppe of Prydniprovia, out of 62 forest types distributed in the study area, 8 most valuable lands were identified. These include fresh hornbeam (32871.8 ha, 13.08%) and maple-linden oak wood (15144.4 ha, 6.03%), hornbeam oak wood (9034.3 ha, 3.71%), dry maple linden (12810.9 ha, 5.10%) and hornbeam (3585.2 ha, 1.43%) oak wood, fresh (2056.4 ha, 0.82%) and moist (1410.4 ha, 0.56%) linden-oak-pine sugrud, moist maple-linden oak wood (714.8 ha, 0.28%). This block of tree and shrub species of forest ecosystems does not take into account the phytodiversity of field protective forest strips of this area, but this complex of species is a promising source of nectar and pollen.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74649944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental risks associated with human agricultural activity","authors":"N. Palapa, S. Honchar","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.255189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.255189","url":null,"abstract":"One of the important factors influencing the environment is agro-industrial production, mainly agriculture, which is most characterized by physical and agrochemical degradation of the soil cover of Ukraine, which is expressed in the loss of humus and essential nutrients. The most threatening degradation process is the loss of humus, the content of which over the past 20 years has decreased by an average of 0.22% in absolute terms, and the balance of which is negative. The phosphorus-potassium regime of soils deteriorates every year. In the absence of almost complete liming of soils, the area of acid soils increases annually, which currently amounts to 9.5 million hectares. In addition, the article focuses on the risks arising from human agricultural activities — the use of chemicals to fertilize crops, protect crops from weeds, pests and diseases and which contain toxic substances that adversely affect the agroecosystem, and eventually trophic chains enter the human body and cause various diseases. One of the significant environmental risks in the regions of Ukraine, which were exposed to radionuclide pollution as a result of the Chernobyl accident, is the contamination of soils and forest gifts with radionuclides. Large livestock complexes are objects of increased environmental danger. As a result of violation of the technology of keeping animals and storing waste (manure, liquid secretions) nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients get into surface waters, pollute them and damage wetlands and coastal ecosystems. In addition to industrial agricultural production, the rural population also grows mostly fruits and vegetables on their own plots for their own needs. There are many factors in residential areas that pose environmental risks, namely: high density of domestic animals and poultry in small farms, which causes violations of the technology of keeping them, manure storage technology, technology of growing crops; inconsistency of placement of farm buildings on small areas of land; violation of the system of fertilization and protection of crops from pests and diseases. In addition to the factors, the sources of drinking water pollution on the territory of personal households have been identified: toilets, manures, compost pits, barns, garbage dumps, which are located in close proximity to the water supply source, which does not meet the minimum sanitary breaks for farm buildings.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87044015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}