The open family studies journal最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Attitudes, Family, Peer and School on Alcohol Use, Rule Breaking and Aggressive Behavior in Hispanic Delinquent Adolescents.","authors":"David Cordova, Shi Huang, Margaret Arzon, Derek Freitas, Shandey Malcolm, Guillermo Prado","doi":"10.2174/1874922401104010038","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874922401104010038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine ecodevelopmental risk factors associated with alcohol uses, rule breaking and aggressive behaviors among Hispanic delinquent adolescents. Specifically, this study tests the effect of attitudes, family, peer, and school bonding on alcohol use, rule breaking and aggressive behaviors in Hispanic delinquent youth. METHODS: A sample of 235 heterogeneous Hispanic delinquent adolescents was recruited through referrals from the Miami-Dade County's Department of Juvenile Services and from the Miami-Dade County Public School system. Logistic regression methods were utilized to examine the independent effect of each risk factor (attitudes, family, peer, school) and to determine the extent to which these factors are associated with alcohol use, rule breaking and aggressive behaviors. RESULTS: Family functioning was inversely and significantly related to past 90-day alcohol use in univariate regression (β = -.24, p = .035) but was not significant in multiple regression (β = -0.09, p = .556). Peer alcohol use (β = 2.02, p<0.001) and poor alcohol attitudes (β =0.59, p=0.006) were positively and significantly related to past 90-day alcohol use in the final model. Poor alcohol attitudes, family functioning, peer alcohol use, and school bonding were all significantly related to both rule breaking and aggressive behaviors in the final model. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the importance of identifying risk factors at multiple levels to prevent/reduce alcohol use, rule breaking and aggressive behaviors among Hispanic delinquent youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":75160,"journal":{"name":"The open family studies journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250085/pdf/nihms337283.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39972089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometrics and Cross-Cultural Comparisons of the Illustration-Based Assessment of Liability and Exposure to Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior© for Children.","authors":"Ty A Ridenour, Sonia Minnes, Mildred M Maldonado-Molina, Maureen D Reynolds, Ralph E Tarter, Duncan B Clark","doi":"10.2174/1874922401104010017","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874922401104010017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elementary school-age child report instruments that do not require reading or interviews are lacking. In four samples, psychometric estimates for 5- to 9-year-olds were obtained for the Assessment of Liability and Exposure to Substance use and Antisocial behavior© (ALEXSA©), a child-report instrument that can be completed even by illiterate children. Invariance between minority groups vs Caucasians also was tested. Samples were: high-risk, low SES African-Americans (n=337), youth of varied ethnicities experiencing chronic stress (n=209), Mexican migrants in a reading remediation program (n=45), and U.S. twins (42 pairs) who were nearly all Caucasian. Validity criteria consisted of child-, parent-, teacher- and research evaluator-ratings on previously developed research and clinical instruments. Replicating results with older samples, ALEXSA factors had adequate or better reliabilities and demonstrated validity in all four studies. Ethnic invariance was found except for differences that were expected due to migrant's after-school program. In sum, psychometrics of the ALEXSA were supported for 5- to 9-year-olds of varied races/ethnicities, risk levels and academic skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":75160,"journal":{"name":"The open family studies journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3410723/pdf/nihms-339029.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greater than the Sum of its Parts: The Combined Effect of Early Alcohol Use and Violence on Alcohol Abuse and Violence in Adulthood.","authors":"Jennifer Reingle, Melvin D Livingston, Mildred M Maldonado-Molina","doi":"10.2174/1874922401104010074","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874922401104010074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol abuse and violence are key contributors to leading causes of death among youth. Yet, the relationship between violence and alcohol use is complex and the developmental impact of this association merits further investigation. The current study used prospective data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to investigate how violence and alcohol use coexist in adolescence and how this coexistence predicts alcohol abuse and violence in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample consisted of 9421 adolescents ranging from ages 11-32. The effects of alcohol use and violence on alcohol abuse and violent behavior were modeled by means of survey logistic regression. Racial/ethnic differences were tested using Chi-squared analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Independently, alcohol and violence during adolescence were not significantly associated with violent behavior among young adults (Wave IV). Racial/ethnic differences emerged in the relationship between alcohol use and violence, and the overlap between the two in predicting alcohol abuse in adulthood. Among Whites and Blacks, violence and alcohol during adolescence were also associated with alcohol abuse among young adults (Whites: OR=2.59; Blacks: OR=4.23). Alcohol use and violence was not associated with increased alcohol abuse among Hispanics. Results indicate that coexistent alcohol use and violence pose a risk for alcohol abuse in adulthood, beyond the independent effects of alcohol and violence. Combining both alcohol and violence prevention in adolescent populations may prevent the abuse of alcohol and participation in violence in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":75160,"journal":{"name":"The open family studies journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b5/a8/nihms486539.PMC4598947.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34146153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Premarital Health Examination (PHE): An Importance-Performance Analysis from Participants who Took PHE in Taiwan","authors":"L. See, F. Teng, Pei-I. Peng, Yu-ming Shen, Y-J Lo","doi":"10.2174/1874922401003010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874922401003010001","url":null,"abstract":"Premarital health examination (PHE) is ideally to prevent sexually-transmitted diseases (STD) within a couple; to detect reproductive problems or hereditary illness which may pass to offspring; and to provide counseling on family planning and genetic health. However, little is known about the implementation of PHE program. We conducted a self- administered questionnaire survey to participants who took PHE in Taoyuan, Taiwan. An importance-performance analysis (IPA) was made to identify which service attributes of PHE program should be improved. Test items and cost of PHE were obtained from the hospitals studied. A total of 336 participants were recruited in 2005. About one-third took PHE after marriage. Only a few PHE programs included screening for reproductive problems (such as semen analysis) or hereditary diseases. Most underwent examinations because of concerns over their own health, reproductive worry, genetic reason and family planning. IPA revealed that the competitive vulnerability (high expectation but low satisfaction) of PHE was unsatisfactory in regard to the examination reports and suggestions regarding genetic health and family planning. Preventing STD transmission within a couple, a function of PHE, is challenged as it is common for couples to have sexual intercourse before marriage and extramarital sexual relationships are common in some places. Without screening for reproductive problems or hereditary illnesses, PHEs are no different from general physical examinations. The couples' desires for information related to reproductive concern, care for their own health, and family planning were not fulfilled. How PHE program implement in Taiwan is recommended.","PeriodicalId":75160,"journal":{"name":"The open family studies journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83019010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Parents Rear their Children as they were Reared Themselves?Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Styles (Warmth and Control)and Possible Mediation by Personality Traits","authors":"Mio Tanaka, T. Kitamura, Zi Chen, Mikihiko Murakami, Yoshitaka Goto","doi":"10.2174/1874922400902010082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874922400902010082","url":null,"abstract":"In order to examine the intergenerational transmission of reported parenting styles (warmth and control) and their mediation by personality traits, a cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted of 396 fathers and 733 mothers of children from less tan 1 to 10 years of age. The participants used the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) to measure their own and their partner's current rearing styles as well as to assess their perception of the parenting they had received before age 16. Parents' personality traits were measured using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). in both fathers and mothers, the correlation of the grandparents' perceived parenting styles were correlated with the current parenting styles reported by parents themselves greater than with the current parenting styles reported by spouse. Thus, we speculated the shared observer bias and used the spouse-report for further analyses. In the fathers, (1) paternal Care was correlated with the grandmothers' Care and grandparents' low Overprotection; and paternal Overprotection was correlated with the grandfathers' Overprotection; (2) Novelty Seeking was correlated with the grandparents' Overprotection and low Care; Harm Avoidance was correlated with the grandparents' Overprotection; Reward Dependence, Self-directedness, and Co-operativeness were correlated with the grandparents' Care and low Overprotection; and Persistence was correlated with the grandparents' Care; (3) Overprotection was correlated with Harm Avoidance and low Self-directedness. In the mothers, (1) maternal Care was correlated with the grandmothers' Care; (2) Novelty Seeking was correlated with the grandmothers' low Care; Harm Avoidance was correlated with the grandfathers' low Care and the grandparents' Overprotection; Reward Dependence, Self-directedness, and Co-operativeness were correlated with the grandparents' Care and low Overprotection; and Self-transcendence was correlated with the grandfathers' Care; (3) maternal Care was correlated with Reward Dependence, Persistence, and Co-operativeness; and maternal Overprotection was correlated with low Self-directedness. The transmission of Overprotection of fathers and Care of mothers from the grandparent generations was found to be mediated by personality traits.","PeriodicalId":75160,"journal":{"name":"The open family studies journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85139656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children’s Reactions to Divorce of Parents","authors":"O. Bojuwoye, Orok Akpan","doi":"10.2174/1874922400902010075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874922400902010075","url":null,"abstract":"With divorce rate on the ascendancy, worldwide, increasing number of vulnerable children are growing up in \"broken homes\". Although divorce affect all children not all children react to it the same way. To some children, parental divorce is a personal tragedy, for other children, it is an escape from stressful lifestyle of family conflicts. Each child's personal factors and associated family dynamics determine how children react to parental divorce. The current study aimed at achieving two purposes - to ascertain various reactions of participants to parents' divorce, and to identify factors (personal, familial or environmental) which played significant influences on participants' reactions. Participants comprised fifteen children (9 girls and 6 boys, with a mean age of 14.4 years) of a primary school in a suburb of Durban, South Africa. They were selected purposively although participation in the study was voluntary, parents had to consent to children's participation. Data collection was by face-to-face individual interview. Analysis of interview transcripts revealed varying patterns of reactions to parental divorce. Emotional and behavioural reactions commonly reported by participants include shock, disbelief, sadness, anger, confusion, loss, betrayal, rejection, abandonment and humiliation. Age, gender and varying family circumstances were found to have influenced participants' reactions to parents' divorce.","PeriodicalId":75160,"journal":{"name":"The open family studies journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80214796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenting and Adolescent's Psychological Adjustment: Toward a Systemic Approach in Parenting Research","authors":"M. Dwairy","doi":"10.2174/1874922400902010066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874922400902010066","url":null,"abstract":"This article's objectives are twofold: (a) to disclose the possible distortion of the associations found in the reductionist research that prevails in many areas, in order to ensure greater caution and better understanding of such research. (b) To study the associations between family and parental factors and adolescent psychological disorders (PD) according to a systemic model that analyses eight familial factors and eleven parental factors in addition to two nominal ones: culture and the adolescents' sex. The study is based on a data collected from nine countries (1358 male and 1526 female adolescents), regarding two categories of family factors (socio-economic and connectedness) and three categories of parenting factors (control, inconsistency, and rejection) and adolescent psychological disorders (PD). To compare different levels of reductionism, four analyses of the same data were carried out, ranging from an analysis of the associations between each factor and adolescent PD (reductionist), to analysis of the associations between all the factors taken together (systemic) and adolescent PD. In addition, the systemic analysis was carried out among different groups of adolescents according to two nominal variables: culture (western and eastern) and the adolescents' sex (male female). Our results show that in a reductionist analysis most of the family and parental factors have significant associations with adolescents PD, and altogether explain 37.2% of adolescents' PD. Most of these associations were diminished or changed in the systemic analysis and explained only 13.5% of the PD variance. The associations of the more systemic analysis changed again when two nominal factors (culture and sex) were taken into consideration. These findings indicate that reductionist analyses may lead to illusionary associations and that mixed results are an inevitable or even inherent byproduct of reductionist research.","PeriodicalId":75160,"journal":{"name":"The open family studies journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83190809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family Well-Being and Children with Epilepsy in Kilifi, Kenya: \"When a Child Convulses his Family is Affected\"","authors":"Nathaniel Kendall-Taylor, C. Kathomi, Kenneth Rimba, C. Newton","doi":"10.2174/1874922400902010054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874922400902010054","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study was conducted with families of children with and without active epilepsy on the coast of Kenya, in Kilifi District. We established a context specific, ecocultural concept of \"family well-being,\" and employed this concept to investigate how the presence of a child with persistent epilepsy impacts overall family functioning. Methods: Dimensions of family well-being and the pathways through which epilepsy affects these dimensions were identified through quantitative and qualitative analysis of data from person-centered interviews and participant observation. Results: Families in Kilifi constructed ideas of family well-being in terms of seven distinct dimensions: pleasure/pain experiences, social relationships, goals and values, daily routines, ties to land, resources, and physical health. Analysis revealed several aspects of well-being were compromised by caring for children with epilepsy, particularly family goals and values, daily routines, and social relationships. Examination of frequency counts of negative experiences in two subgroups of families of children with epilepsy (high and low frequency of symptoms) revealed that disease severity was associated with lower well-being and that some dimensions were more negatively affected than others. Conclusions: Findings indicate that specific aspects of family well-being are affected by childhood epilepsy and suggest the need for improved seizure management and further research exploring associations of chronic childhood illness and family well-being. A better understanding of the relationship between family well-being and chronic pediatric illness can be used to develop more efficient family assessments and design more effective interventions targeted to specific family needs.","PeriodicalId":75160,"journal":{"name":"The open family studies journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84223559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood Disorders and Developmental Influences: A 10-Year Content Analysis of Two Prominent Journals","authors":"Bridget A Walsh, Amy R. Murrell, Andrew J. Scherbarthb, Chelsea Rae Kubiak","doi":"10.2174/1874922400902010046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874922400902010046","url":null,"abstract":"Many scholars and practitioners prefer to use a developmental approach toward investigation and treatment of child psychopathology. However, the extent to which development is considered in childhood disorder research was unclear. Therefore, retrospective analyses were conducted of publications from 1996 to 2005 in a prominent abnormal child psychology journal (Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology; N = 472) and a prominent developmental psychology journal (Developmental Psychology; N = 926), to investigate the frequency of appearance of developmental factors and childhood disorders. Data on author affiliation and type, and acknowledgement of funding, were also analyzed. Our findings were consistent with a previous analysis; most studies were conducted by funded, university-affiliated researchers. Some disorders, including those typically construed as developmental in nature, (e.g., PDD-NOS) appeared significantly more in the abnormal than the developmental journal. Pathology was infrequently mentioned in the journal with a developmental focus. Implications of these findings are discussed. It is reasonable to suggest that the present analysis may lead to important changes in policy and resource allocation as relevant to children and their families.","PeriodicalId":75160,"journal":{"name":"The open family studies journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89916622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Couple Therapy Profession on Therapists’ Spousal Relations","authors":"Hadas Doron","doi":"10.2174/1874922400902010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874922400902010031","url":null,"abstract":"The profession of psychotherapy is included in those occupations that are presumed to have a bi-directional “spillage” on the professional's personal Life. Theorizing that experiences and behaviors from people's occupations will affect behavior in life outside work, and the reverse, thirteen marriage and family therapists (MFTs) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Responses were examined by analysis of qualitative content. The findings suggest that there is a gap between the ability of the therapist to use professional skills in the treatment room and his or her ability to implement that knowledge in his/her own marriage. Additional findings are described, as are limitations of the study.","PeriodicalId":75160,"journal":{"name":"The open family studies journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83405449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}