The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia最新文献

{"title":"Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of term deliveries of singleton pregnancies at different gestations in Sri Lanka: a multicentre prospective study","authors":"Sachith Mettananda ,&nbsp;Himali Herath ,&nbsp;Ranod Madushith ,&nbsp;Tiran Dias ,&nbsp;Rasika Herath ,&nbsp;Sampatha Goonewardena ,&nbsp;Dhammica Rowel ,&nbsp;Abner Elkan Daniel ,&nbsp;Susie Perera","doi":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Delivery at ‘term’ is considered low risk for mothers and neonates. Evidence suggests variable outcomes at different gestations, even within ‘term’. This study aims to compare pregnancy characteristics and neonatal outcomes of delivery at different gestations at ‘term’.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed the data of the island-wide multicentre Sri Lanka Birth Weight Study, which recruited all live-born newborns in 13 hospitals over 2 months in 2023. Only data of singleton pregnancies and term neonates were included. Pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes of each gestation were analysed by logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>8053 ‘term’ singleton deliveries (1805, 2367, 2087, 1762, and 32 at 37, 38, 39, 40 and 41 weeks) were included. A higher proportion of mothers delivering at 37 weeks had pregestational diabetes (AOR: 7.84, 95% CI: 4.24–14.37), chronic hypertension (AOR: 4.37, 95% CI: 2.01–9.49), pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.92–3.66) and gestational diabetes (AOR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.57–2.44) compared to mothers delivering at 39 weeks. The elective caesarean section rate was highest at 37 weeks (783, 43.4%) compared to 38 weeks (737, 31.1%) or higher gestations. Delivery at 37 weeks was associated with inferior neonatal outcomes of 5-min APGAR &lt;8 (AOR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.36–6.76), requiring resuscitation (AOR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.27–2.38) and admission to intensive care (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.09–2.41) compared to 38 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Neonates born at 38 weeks showed better outcomes than those born at 37 weeks. When elective delivery is necessary, postponing it from 37 weeks to at least 38 weeks would positively impact neonatal outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div><span>UNICEF</span>, Sri Lanka, funded the Sri Lanka Birth Weight Study. No funding obtained for this manuscript.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75136,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing HIV transmission pathways in Bhutan: a modelling study","authors":"Nisaa Wulan ,&nbsp;Lekey Khandu ,&nbsp;Debra Ten Brink ,&nbsp;Gyambo Sithey ,&nbsp;Tashi Dendup ,&nbsp;Ye Yu Shwe ,&nbsp;Anna Bowring ,&nbsp;Nick Scott ,&nbsp;Kelvin Burke ,&nbsp;Rowan Martin-Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There are limited and conflicting data regarding HIV transmission and behavioural risk factors, particularly among groups with increased risk of exposure to HIV in Bhutan. This study aims to explore comprehensive pathways to HIV infections among key populations in Bhutan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Demographic, epidemiological, and behavioural data were collated to inform an Optima HIV model for Bhutan. The model was calibrated for a period 1990 and 2021 to align with emerging national research into risk attribution of HIV infections and behavioural dynamics of key populations. This was supplemented by qualitative feedback from stakeholder consultations throughout January–June 2022, while maintaining the consistency of the country-accepted output from the 2022 Estimation and Projection Package (EPP-Spectrum model) across all years.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>In 2021, sex work was directly associated with 54% of new HIV infections. In total, 86% of new HIV infections were estimated to be among key and vulnerable populations, their direct partners, and their children. HIV prevalence remained low, ranging from 0.7% to 3.1% among key populations. Due to the relatively short duration of risk activity (average of three years among female sex workers [FSW]), only an estimated 9.7% of undiagnosed people living with HIV could be reached through interventions focused on key populations.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Greater efforts in developing strategies that can prevent new HIV infections among individuals currently at risk—and identifying undiagnosed HIV infections among those with historic risk who are not currently accessing HIV services—could help achieve the elimination of HIV transmission in Bhutan.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>This analysis was funded through The Sustainability of HIV Services for Key Populations in Southeast Asia (SKPA-1) project, funded by the <span>Global Fund to Fight AIDS</span>, <span>Tuberculosis and Malaria under agreement QMZ-H-AFAO</span>, with Health Equity Matters as Principal Recipient. Save the Children is the sub-recipient of SKPA in Bhutan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75136,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100676"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From hidden hunger to double burden: Bangladesh's urgent need to prioritize diet quality","authors":"Fahmida Tasnim Richi ,&nbsp;Safaet Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bangladesh has achieved notable improvements in nutrition, including declines in undernourishment and stunting. There has been uneven progress, with high rates of stunting and wasting persisting in some areas, such as Sylhet. Food availability has improved, but diet diversity and quality remain low, resulting in chronic micronutrient deficiencies, particularly among women and children. At the same time, rates of overweight, obesity, and diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising, signaling a double burden of malnutrition. Combined with systemic vulnerabilities such as poverty, gender inequality, and climate change, this double burden runs the risk of undoing the progress already achieved. Bangladesh needs to reorient policies to focus on diet quality, increase consumption of micronutrients, and prevent obesity and noncommunicable diseases. The primary recommendations include expanding access to nutrition services, developing climate-resilient food systems, and strengthening nutrition-sensitive governance and policy. Other countries undergoing similar changes can learn valuable lessons from Bangladesh's experience, which underscores the need for an integrated, long-term strategy for nutrition and public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75136,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100673"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against hepatitis-A infection among individuals aged 6–30 years in India, 2021: a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study","authors":"Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar ,&nbsp;Chethrapilly Purushothaman Girish Kumar ,&nbsp;Velusamy Saravanakumar ,&nbsp;Thiyagarajan Karunakaran ,&nbsp;Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj ,&nbsp;Sriram Selvaraju ,&nbsp;Kiran Rade ,&nbsp;Ramasamy Sabarinathan ,&nbsp;Surendran Parvathi ,&nbsp;Smita Asthana ,&nbsp;Rakesh Balachandar ,&nbsp;Sampada Dipak Bangar ,&nbsp;Avi Kumar Bansal ,&nbsp;Jyothi Bhat ,&nbsp;Debjit Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Vishal Chopra ,&nbsp;Dasarathi Das ,&nbsp;Kangjam Rekha Devi ,&nbsp;Gaurav Raj Dwivedi ,&nbsp;S Muhammad Salim Khan ,&nbsp;Krishna Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>India accounts for one-fifth of the global hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections and half of HAV-related deaths. There is a lack of nationally representative population-based data on the endemicity of HAV to inform vaccination policy. We aimed to estimate the age-specific seroprevalence of HAV infection among individuals aged 6–30 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used serum samples collected during the fourth national COVID-19 serosurvey conducted between 14 June and 6 July 2021 to estimate the seroprevalence of HAV infection. The survey was conducted in 70 randomly selected districts across 20 Indian states and one union territory. We tested the serum samples from individuals aged six to 30 years for IgG antibodies against HAV. We estimated the overall and state-specific seroprevalence, along with 95% CIs, for the age groups of 6–10, 11–15 and 16–30 years. We classified the HAV endemicity in India using WHO classification (high, intermediate, low and very low).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We tested 14,778 serum samples from individuals aged six to 30 years for IgG antibodies against HAV. Of these, 12,236 (90.0%, 95% CI 88.5–91.4) were found to be reactive. The seroprevalence increased with age, from 74.7% (71.1–77.9) among children aged 6–10 years to 85.2% (82.7–87.4) among those aged 11–15 years and 96.9% (96.3–97.5) among individuals aged 16–30 years. India was categorized as having intermediate endemicity for HAV infection as per the WHO classification. Of the 21 states or union territories included in the survey, 18 had intermediate endemicity.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our study findings indicate an intermediate level of endemicity for HAV infection in India. While these findings support consideration of hepatitis-A vaccination, further evidence on disease burden and cost-effectiveness is needed to inform policy decisions.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div><span>Gates Foundation</span> &amp; <span>Indian Council of Medical Research</span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75136,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of a 3-day once-daily regimen of oral nafithromycin in comparison to oral moxifloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults: a phase III, randomized, double-blind controlled trial","authors":"Himanshu Pophale ,&nbsp;Monica Gupta ,&nbsp;Lily Llorens ,&nbsp;Piotr Iwanowski ,&nbsp;Ranjeet Gutte ,&nbsp;Rajesh Chavan ,&nbsp;Anasuya Patel ,&nbsp;Harsha Agrawal ,&nbsp;Snehal Palwe ,&nbsp;Prashant Joshi ,&nbsp;Hariharan Periasamy ,&nbsp;Mahesh Patel ,&nbsp;Balaji Veeraraghavan ,&nbsp;Sachin Bhagwat","doi":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nafithromycin, a novel macrolide belonging to the lactone ketolide subclass, exhibits excellent <em>in vitro</em> potency against pathogens causing community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP), in conjunction with high and sustained pulmonary concentrations allowing for once-daily dosing. We aimed to compare efficacy and safety of nafithromycin with moxifloxacin for treatment of CABP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a phase III, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study in adults with CABP (PORT risk class II, III, IV), conducted at 31 sites across India. Patients were randomized (1:1) via block randomisation using interactive voice/web response system to receive oral nafithromycin 800 mg q24h for 3 days or oral moxifloxacin 400 mg q24h for 7 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with early clinical response (ECR) at Day 4 in the modified-intent-to-treat population (MITT). Favourable ECR was defined as alive and ≥1 level improvement in ≥2 CABP symptoms compared to baseline and without worsening of other CABP symptoms. A non-inferiority margin of 12.5% was utilised. This trial is registered with Clinical Trial Registry—India (CTRI/2019/11/021964).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between February 2021 and June 2023, 488 patients were enrolled with 244 randomized to each treatment. MITT population included 477 patients with 40% belonging to PORT risk class III/IV. Demography and baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. ECR was observed in 91.3% (220/241) of patients in nafithromycin group and 89.0% (210/236) of patients in moxifloxacin group of the MITT population [difference, 2.3%; 95% CI (−3.1, 7.8)] establishing statistical non-inferiority between treatments. Most common treatment-emergent adverse events reported (≥2% patients in any treatment group) were abdominal pain, diarrhoea, headache and nausea, which were all mild in severity.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>A 3-day regimen of oral nafithromycin was non-inferior to a 7-day regimen of oral moxifloxacin for the treatment of CABP.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>Co-funded by <span>Wockhardt</span> and <span>BIRAC</span>, <span>Department of Biotechnology</span>, <span>Government of India</span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75136,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100666"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers, facilitators and recommendations for the implementation of newborn sickle cell screening program in tribal communities: findings from a qualitative multicentric study in India","authors":"Nithin Rajamani ,&nbsp;Apoorva Pandey ,&nbsp;Suchitra Surve ,&nbsp;Shrey Desai ,&nbsp;Ragini Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Ravi Gajbhiye ,&nbsp;Rajasubramaniam Shanmugam ,&nbsp;Kapilkumar Dave ,&nbsp;Anna Salomi Kerketta ,&nbsp;Suman Sundar Mohanty ,&nbsp;Mahendra Thakor ,&nbsp;Kalpita Gawit ,&nbsp;Lakshmana Bharathi ,&nbsp;M. Alwas ,&nbsp;Anita Nadkarni ,&nbsp;Prabhakar Kedar ,&nbsp;Yogeshwar Kalkonde ,&nbsp;Saritha Nair ,&nbsp;Harpreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Manisha Madkaikar","doi":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Newborn screening for sickle cell disease (NBS for SCD) is essential for timely detection and management. In 2019, a study encompassing early screening, follow-up, and comprehensive care for SCD babies was undertaken in seven SCD-prevalent tribal regions of India. The study also aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators affecting its implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative exploratory descriptive approach was used to conduct in-depth interviews with purposively selected participants (n = 127) including parents of newborns with SCD. The data were compiled and analysed using NVivo14. Predominant themes were identified through frequency analysis and the number of references, and they were further classified using the Multilevel Ecological Model of Health (MEMH).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Twenty-five themes emerged, of which thirteen highlighted barriers, the predominant ones being stigma &amp; local beliefs, lack of integration of NBS with the health system, accessibility challenges and difficulties with blood sample collection &amp; testing. Seven themes addressed facilitators such as the inclusion of frontline health workers, skilled human resources and regular follow-ups. Five themes emerged for recommendations including integrating NBS for SCD into the health system, behaviour change communication and enhanced stakeholder collaboration.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The study identified barriers and facilitators across multiple levels, advocating the need for a holistic approach. The findings suggest that a comprehensive SCD management program must address socio-cultural dimensions and effectively integrate with the health system, providing valuable insights for shaping policies for NBS in SCD-prevalent areas.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>The study was funded by the <span>Indian Council of Medical Research</span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75136,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hotspot districts of persistent Plasmodium vivax malaria pose a formidable challenge to malaria elimination in India","authors":"Amala Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Kannan Thiruvengadam ,&nbsp;Anju Viswan K ,&nbsp;Rohit Sharma ,&nbsp;Shriram Ananganallur Nagarajan ,&nbsp;Chander Prakash Yadav ,&nbsp;Amit Sharma ,&nbsp;Manju Rahi","doi":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100662","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75136,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100662"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in India: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader ,&nbsp;Neetu Vijay ,&nbsp;Varsha Potdar ,&nbsp;Joshua Chadwick ,&nbsp;Jitendra Narayan ,&nbsp;Sabarinathan Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Devika Shanmugasundaram ,&nbsp;Selvavinayagam Thirumalaicheri Sivaprakasam ,&nbsp;Manoj Murhekar ,&nbsp;Nivedita Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100667","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India, established the Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Network (VRDLN) in 2014 to strengthen viral diagnostic capabilities and provide a system for routine virological surveillance. In 2022, we also initiated the Model for Integrated Influenza Surveillance in Tamil Nadu (MIST) to enhance surveillance of virologic and clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) cases in selected sentinel tertiary care hospitals. This study investigates the epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in India by analysing data from these distinct but related surveillance systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We analysed VRDLN data from 2019 to 2024 to describe HMPV cases based on time, place, and personal characteristics. We presented a comparison of two periods—2019 to 2023 and 2024—to compare historical trends with the current scenario. We also examined detailed clinical and laboratory profiles of HMPV-positive SARI cases collected under the MIST project from 2022 to 2024 (a case series). Hospitals under the VRDLN conducted testing of any physician-referred patient, while MIST exclusively tested SARI patients who met a standardised case definition. While the VRDLN provided an overall picture of the testing and positivity trends, MIST provided details on laboratory parameters, and clinical course and outcomes of positive cases. All laboratories adhered to standardised quality-assured testing protocols and reported data to a centralized database.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Between 2019 and 2023, the VRDLN tested 20,625 patients for HMPV, of whom 1030 (3.2%) were positive. In 2024, 11,155 patients were tested, with 367 (3.3%) confirmed positive. Across both periods, age-stratified analysis indicated that the majority of tests were conducted among children. The highest positivity was observed in those aged 1–2 years, with 4.5% (128/2864) testing positive in 2019–2023 and 4.6% (70/1508) in 2024. Most HMPV-positive cases presented with Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)/Influenza-like illness (ILI), accounting for 85.4% [566/17,090] of cases in 2019–2023 and 40.3% [148/1697] in 2024, as most testing was carried out among these patients. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms, reported in 70.3% of cases from 2019 to 2023 and 79.6% (292/8398) in 2024, and in 60.5% (401/12,059) and 60.8% (223/5977) of cases, respectively. Under the MIST project, we tested 3599 SARI patients between 2022 and 2023, identifying 28 (0.8%) HMPV-positive cases. Patients experienced a median illness duration of 11 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 7.5–14.5) and stayed in the hospital for a median of 7 days (IQR: 5–9.5). Eight cases required intensive care for a median of 3.5 days (IQR: 2.5–6), while 12 cases needed oxygen support for a median of three days (IQR: 3–5.5). Among the 28 cases, 25 (89.3) showed clinical improvement at disc","PeriodicalId":75136,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100667"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence patterns of rare cancer in southeast Asian and western Pacific countries (RARECAREnet Asia project): a study using population-based cancer registry data, 2011–2015","authors":"Patumrat Sripan ,&nbsp;Siti Norbayah Yusof ,&nbsp;Donsuk Pongnikorn ,&nbsp;Imjai Chitapanarux ,&nbsp;Balqis Bahtiar ,&nbsp;Nor Saleha Ibrahim Tamin ,&nbsp;Karnchana Daoprasert ,&nbsp;Narate Waisri ,&nbsp;Young-Joo Won ,&nbsp;RuRu Chun-Ju Chiang ,&nbsp;Annalisa Trama ,&nbsp;Hadrien Charvat ,&nbsp;Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Matsuda","doi":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In Southeast Asia (SEA), the understanding of most rare cancers is limited, which sometimes leads to delays in diagnosis, treatment, and care. This study aimed to estimate for the first time the incidence of rare cancers in SEA using population-based cancer registry (PBCR) data from the 2011–2015 period.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used data from the nationwide PBCR of Malaysia and two PBCRs in northern Thailand in Chiang Mai and Lampang Cancer registries. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) per 100,000 person-year of the rare cancers included in the RARECAREnet list was calculated. All analyses were performed using SEER∗Stat (version 8.3.5). Cancers defined as rare by RARECAREnet in Europe were also rare in Thailand and Malaysia.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The ASR of some rare cancers in Thailand and Malaysia were greater than that in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, including some pediatric cancers (pancreatoblastoma and odontogenic malignant tumors) in Malaysia, eye and adnexal cancer, and epithelial tumors of the penis in Thailand. ASR of nasopharyngeal cancer was higher in Thailand and Malaysia than in Japan and Korea but lower compared to Taiwan.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Although most rare cancers were also rare in Thailand and Malaysia, some cancers were not considered rare. However, the incidence of some rare cancers in Thailand and Malaysia were higher than that in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. To enhance understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and care of rare cancers, reliable epidemiological data needs to be generated under the RARECAREnet Asia project by working with countries in Asia with high-quality PBCRs.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>This study was supported by a <span>UICC Yamagiwa-Yoshida Memorial International Cancer</span> Study Grant (Award/Grant Number: <span><span>YY/2022-1477</span></span>) and <span>Government of Japan Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare</span> Grant numbers: <span><span>23EA1033</span></span>, and was partially supported by <span>Chiang Mai University</span>, Thailand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75136,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza surveillance and vaccine policy in Thailand—a historical perspective","authors":"Martha P. Montgomery ,&nbsp;Prabda Praphasiri ,&nbsp;Darunee Ditsungnoen ,&nbsp;Pasakorn Akarasewi ,&nbsp;Malinee Chittaganpitch ,&nbsp;Pilaipan Puthavathana ,&nbsp;Khanchit Limpakarnjanarat ,&nbsp;Ponthip Wirachwong ,&nbsp;Tawee Chotpitayasunondh ,&nbsp;Narumol Sawanpanyalert ,&nbsp;Chaninan Sonthichai ,&nbsp;William W. Davis ,&nbsp;Sonja J. Olsen ,&nbsp;Supamit Chunsuttiwat","doi":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior to 2000, influenza burden in Thailand and other low- and middle-income countries was underappreciated, and influenza vaccination was uncommon. For the last two decades, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have collaborated to understand influenza burden and the costs and benefits of influenza vaccination in Thailand. Built on a long-standing national disease notification system, Thailand MOPH established robust surveillance platforms for pneumonia and influenza, which provided insights into seasonality, disease incidence, and populations at risk for severe disease. In 2004, human cases of avian influenza brought attention to influenza's pandemic potential. Concern for an influenza pandemic combined with evidence of the cost effectiveness of influenza vaccination accelerated vaccine policy. Surveillance and vaccination policy were leveraged for and strengthened by the 2009 influenza H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics. This personal view documents Thailand's experience in developing influenza surveillance and influenza vaccination policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75136,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100663"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}