African Affairs最新文献_第6页

Variations of customary tenure, chiefly power, and global norms for responsible land investments in Sierra Leone 塞拉利昂传统保有权（主要是权力）和负责任土地投资全球规范的变化

IF 2.8 1区社会学

African Affairs Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adad009

C. Dieterle

{"title":"Variations of customary tenure, chiefly power, and global norms for responsible land investments in Sierra Leone","authors":"C. Dieterle","doi":"10.1093/afraf/adad009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adad009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In response to debates around land grabbing, the international community has increasingly developed and promoted global governance norms and guidelines for more responsible land investments. This concern on the part of the international community has particularly taken hold in Sierra Leone—in a post-war context, in which international donor agencies are already steering much of the country’s politics. Yet, despite the enormous influence of international guidelines and the actors promoting their use, there is a spatial variation in the conformity to and effectiveness of such norms in cases of land investments. While some projects seem to resemble ‘showcases’ for their exemplary use, these guidelines seem to be absent in other projects. This article analyses the political economy of customary land tenure, land investments, and international ‘soft laws’ in Sierra Leone. Based on 6 months of fieldwork in Sierra Leone in 2019, I compare several cases of large-scale land investments. I argue that there are important variations in the customary tenure system in the degree to which political authority over land is centralized in the authority of the paramount chief or is devolved to landholding families. This, I suggest, holds important implications for the uptake of global norms for ‘responsible’ investments.","PeriodicalId":7508,"journal":{"name":"African Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42744783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inequality regimes in Africa from pre-colonial times to the present 前殖民时期到现在非洲的不平等制度

IF 2.8 1区社会学

African Affairs Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adad001

E. Frankema, Michiel Bart de Haas, Marlous van Waijenburg

引用次数: 1

‘Gukurahundi Continues’: Violence, Memory, and Mthwakazi Activism in Zimbabwe “Gukurahundi继续”:津巴布韦的暴力、记忆和Mthwakazi激进主义

IF 2.8 1区社会学

African Affairs Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adac043

Lena Reim

{"title":"‘Gukurahundi Continues’: Violence, Memory, and Mthwakazi Activism in Zimbabwe","authors":"Lena Reim","doi":"10.1093/afraf/adac043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adac043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 One effect of Zimbabwe’s 2017 coup was to unleash a new wave of public engagement with the unresolved state repression of the 1980s, known as Gukurahundi. This wave was led by the ‘post-Gukurahundi generation’ and particularly by activists whose narratives of Gukurahundi were entwined with calls for a separate ‘Mthwakazi nation’. This article explores these activists’ stories of Gukurahundi and asks why they broke through into the public realm after decades of relative silence. It argues that Mthwakazi activists’ engagement relied on an interpretation of Gukurahundi not simply as a discrete historical event, but as the clearest expression of an ongoing ‘Grand Plan’ of ethnic marginalization. This narrative was foundational to the construction of a moral order that divided the country along ethnic and regional fault lines, ultimately legitimizing Mthwakazi nationalism. The paper roots this narrative’s emergence in two interrelated processes. Speaking to the role of silencing in keeping conflicts alive across generations, it examines how the ‘noisy silence’ that has surrounded Gukurahundi in both public and private has meant that Gukurahundi lingered as a readily available interpretative lens. This lens became meaningful when the second generation, faced with political and economic marginalization, was grappling for meaning and political belonging.","PeriodicalId":7508,"journal":{"name":"African Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61375115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Unpredictability in Maintaining Control of the Security Forces in the Gambia 不可预测性在维持冈比亚安全部队控制方面的作用

IF 2.8 1区社会学

African Affairs Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adad002

Maggie Dwyer

引用次数: 0

Political Identity as Temporal Collapse: Ethiopian Federalism and Contested Ogaden Histories 作为时间崩溃的政治认同:埃塞俄比亚联邦制和有争议的欧加登历史

IF 2.8 1区社会学

African Affairs Pub Date : 2023-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adad003

Daniel K. Thompson, N. Matshanda

{"title":"Political Identity as Temporal Collapse: Ethiopian Federalism and Contested Ogaden Histories","authors":"Daniel K. Thompson, N. Matshanda","doi":"10.1093/afraf/adad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adad003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Since the 1980s, analyses of African political identities have emphasized identity manipulation as a governance tool. In the Somali Horn of Africa, however, politicians’ efforts to reinvent identities confront rigid understandings of genealogical clanship as a key component of identity and political mobilization. This article explores how government efforts to construct a new ‘Ethiopian–Somali’ identity within Ethiopia’s ethnic-federal system are entangled with attempts to reinterpret clan genealogies and histories. We focus on efforts to revise the history of clans within the broader Ogaden Somali clan group and trace the possibilities and limits of these revisions in relation to legacies of colonialism as well as popular understandings of Ogaden identity. Drawing on fieldwork and archival research, we show that political struggles over Somalis’ integration with Ethiopia orient around Somali clanship, but that clanship is not a mechanical tool of mobilization, as it is often portrayed. We suggest that genealogical relatedness does not equate to political loyalty, but genealogical discourse provides a framework by which various actors reinterpret contemporary events by collapsing history into the present to imbue clan, ethnic, and national identities with political significance.","PeriodicalId":7508,"journal":{"name":"African Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48633905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defamation of the president, racial nationalism, and the Roy Clarke affair in Zambia 诽谤总统，种族民族主义，还有赞比亚的罗伊·克拉克事件

1区社会学

African Affairs Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adac044

Sishuwa Sishuwa, Duncan Money

{"title":"Defamation of the president, racial nationalism, and the Roy Clarke affair in Zambia","authors":"Sishuwa Sishuwa, Duncan Money","doi":"10.1093/afraf/adac044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adac044","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In January 2004, residents of Zambia’s capital, Lusaka, were treated to a disturbing sight. Over 200 members of the governing Movement for Multiparty Democracy party marched through the streets of the capital carrying a mock coffin bearing the name of Roy Clarke, a prominent newspaper satirist and white British national who had been a permanent resident in the country since the early 1960s. The protesters accused Clarke of insulting and defaming President Levy Mwanawasa in his previous column and demanded his immediate deportation. The Minister of Home Affairs obliged, but the satirist successfully challenged his deportation in Zambia’s courts. Drawing from newspaper sources, court documents, and interviews with key informants, this article shows that these protests were anything but a spontaneous demonstration of public outrage. Instead, they had been carefully orchestrated by Mwanawasa and his close allies to bolster Mwanawasa’s beleaguered presidency. The article argues that deportation orders and racial nationalism against racial minorities are strategies adopted by political elites during periods of weakness, even when these ideas have little or no popular support. More broadly, we argue that the status of racial minorities and other foreigners in Zambia is often provisional, depending on political considerations.","PeriodicalId":7508,"journal":{"name":"African Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135077885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Book Review 书评

IF 2.8 1区社会学

African Affairs Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adac037

Abel Gwaindepi

引用次数: 0

Book Review 书评

IF 2.8 1区社会学

African Affairs Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adac040

Abdul-Gafar Oshodi

引用次数: 0

Book Review 书评

IF 2.8 1区社会学

African Affairs Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adac039

D. Money

引用次数: 0

Financing governance beyond the state: Informal revenue generation in south-central Somalia 国家之外的融资治理:索马里中南部的非正式创收

IF 2.8 1区社会学

African Affairs Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adac030

Vanessa van den Boogaard, Fabrizio Santoro

{"title":"Financing governance beyond the state: Informal revenue generation in south-central Somalia","authors":"Vanessa van den Boogaard, Fabrizio Santoro","doi":"10.1093/afraf/adac030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adac030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Individuals in low-income countries often contribute significantly to financing local public goods through informal taxation. However, there is limited understanding of how informal revenue generation relates to formal tax and governing institutions. We explore the relationship between informal revenue generation, public finance, and the state in the Gedo region in south-central Somalia, relying on original data from surveys with 2,300 households and 117 community leaders. Our evidence shows that informal revenue generation by non-armed actors in Gedo is prevalent, with informal payments deeply embedded within clan-based and Islamic institutions and rooted in a long history of decentralized political authority and self-reliance in the region. We argue that in such a context, rather than explaining how or why things ‘work’ outside of the state, it may be more relevant and valuable to consider decentralized non-state public authority as the default referent, with a need only to explain the puzzle of pockets of state effectiveness. Governance largely operates outside the state, with citizens playing a pivotal role in directly financing local governance institutions and public goods provision. These findings have important implications for our understanding of statehood and public finance in contexts of weak formal institutions.","PeriodicalId":7508,"journal":{"name":"African Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45563703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3