{"title":"Towards Informed Use of the Pernkopf Atlas.","authors":"Leila Lax","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v45i1.10851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v45i1.10851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge of the dark history and inherent ethical dilemmas of Pernkopf's atlas is essential to individual decisions on use. Seventy-five years after the Holocaust, the legacy of Pernkopf's Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy continues to unfold. Informed use of the atlas needs to be integrated in academia and in practice. This paper advocates for the adoption of The Vienna Protocol and improving informed use of the atlas by: (1) updating and inserting an information letter in as many volumes as possible, so that the history can be known before use; (2) conducting and publishing a research study within the medical art community, to examine knowledge of the history of the atlas and elevate awareness; and (3) creating a museum archive and permanent exhibition of the original anatomical illustrations, to document historical facts, disseminate visual evidence, and illuminate embedded controversies. Moving towards informed use, in these ways, provides opportunities for continued ethical discourse, personal reflection and future Holocaust education. Through informed use we memorialize and pay tribute to the Nazi victims portrayed in the atlas.</p>","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"45 1","pages":"E15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/30/a2/jbc-45-1-e15.PMC9138628.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40699779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Note to the Users of Pernkopf's Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy.","authors":"Markus Müller, Christiane Druml","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v45i1.11792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v45i1.11792","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"45 1","pages":"E18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fa/2f/jbc-45-1-e18.PMC9139728.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40698837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commemorative Lecture on the Occasion of Medical University of Vienna's \"Dies Academicus\" and Announcement of Elsevier's Donation of the Pernkopf Atlas Anatomical Illustrations to the Josephinum.","authors":"Christiane Druml","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v45i1.11797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v45i1.11797","url":null,"abstract":"We are gathered here today, on this momentous occasion of March 12, 2021 to commemorate all those who were victimized by the National Socialist regime in Austria. These are not only the – above all – Jewish members of the University of Vienna, who were dismissed, expelled, murdered. No, these are also others who had to suffer injustice in connection with the university. \u0000Image credit: Table of Contents photo of the Josephinum provided by the Medical University of Vienna","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"45 1","pages":"E16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ae/92/jbc-45-1-e16.PMC9140303.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40698840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Vienna Protocol and Reflections on Nazi Medicine: Murder à la Carte.","authors":"Rabbi Joseph Polak","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v45i1.10810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v45i1.10810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An historian of World War II Germany was asked, about whether there was a single ideological notion that proved to be the most influential in allowing the horrific evils of the Holocaust to take place. It is the very idea, derived from the Romantics, he wrote, that artists are entitled to live outside of morality. Hitler and others unquestionably saw themselves in this way. With this realization we have arrived at the reductio ad absurdum of this Romantic ethic: the Artist as Murderer. And it is because we believe that like artists, physicians occupy a higher sphere, that we have, in Holocaust times, the transformation of the physician, like the artist, into the murderer. Like the artist, who murders but does not do so with his own hand, the physician supervises executions and unspeakable experiments. Anatomists buttressed their collections at a range of German and Austrian universities, by placing orders from among the executed and about-to-be executed. It is this that I have in mind when I speak of \"murder-a-la-carte.\" Pernkopf was one of these anatomists. Through the atlas he immortalizes the victims. Years later, a surgeon asks about the atlas and protocols for continued use, to benefit patients and educate, are created. The surgeon may well be rescuing the medical profession itself from its own historical sins of presumed unaccountability, of returning it to a human place where the dignity of the patient remains inviolable, and where the victims of medically inspired evil gaze out at us from the pages of the atlas, both as a blessing and as a warning.</p>","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"45 1","pages":"E10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9b/5f/jbc-45-1-e10.PMC9139198.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40699776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dissecting the History of Anatomy in the Third Reich -: 1989-2010: A Personal Account.","authors":"William E Seidelman","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v45i1.11643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v45i1.11643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(Reprinted with permission from Annals of Anatomy Vol. 194, No. 3, 2012).</p>","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"45 1","pages":"E5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9139206/pdf/jbc-45-1-e5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40698836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of German Academic Medicine and Science in the Medical Crimes of the Third Reich and the Shoah: The Continuing Legacy.","authors":"William Seidelman","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v45i1.10852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v45i1.10852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the revelations of the Nuremberg Medical Trial and subsequent prosecutions, the reality is that, with particular respect to medicine and the role of leading academic and scientific institutions during the so-called \"Third Reich,\" the postwar period war was marked by a \"Great Silence.\" With few exceptions, this silence continued until the 1980's, when increasing systematic scholarly research and inadvertent discoveries revealed the significant role played by the German and Austrian medical profession during the Nazi period and the Shoah. The discoveries included body parts of victims of Nazi terror in the collections of university institutes of anatomy and scientific research. The Pernkopf Atlas of Human Anatomy represents a legacy from Nazi medicine. Although it includes images from Nazi victims, its accuracy makes it a valued resource in surgery. The Vienna Protocol is a new halachic responsum on the question of what to do with newly discovered remains from Nazi victims and their data, and can provide guidance in the ethical reasoning on whether to use the Pernkopf atlas.</p>","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"45 1","pages":"E11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3c/6b/jbc-45-1-e11.PMC9140262.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40699778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anatomy in Nazi Germany: The Use of Victims' Bodies in Academia and Present-Day Legacies.","authors":"Sabine Hildebrandt","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v45i1.10848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v45i1.10848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After decades of denial, German academic medicine was reluctant to accept responsibility for its complex collaboration with the Nazi regime. Consequently, much of this history needs further detailed exploration, as legacies from this history still exist in the form of \"Books, Bones and Bodies.\" Specifically, this concerns the legacies of anatomists' use of bodies of Nazi victims in teaching and research, as \"data\" have become anatomical knowledge and specimens from victims continue to be discovered.</p>","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"45 1","pages":"E12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/66/jbc-45-1-e12.PMC9140205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40698846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Note to the Users of Pernkopf's Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy","authors":"Markus Müller, C. Druml","doi":"10.1097/00000441-196412000-00037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-196412000-00037","url":null,"abstract":"Rector Müller and Professor Druml, on behalf of the Medical University of Vienna, have created this Note to the Users of Pernkopf’s Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy, in the hope that libraries (and other owners) around the world will insert it into the books in their possession. \u0000Please download the PDF, print and insert this document into all volumes of the atlas in your personal and institutional reference collections. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81655408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anatomical Science at the University of Vienna 1938-45.","authors":"Daniela C Angetter","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v45i1.11741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v45i1.11741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(Reprinted with permission from Lancet (2000) 355: 1445-57).</p>","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"45 1","pages":"E4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9139277/pdf/jbc-45-1-e4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40698849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editor's Comments: Journal of Biocommunication Special Issue on Legacies of Medicine in the Holocaust and the Pernkopf Atlas.","authors":"Gary W Schnitz","doi":"10.5210/jbc.v45i1.10831","DOIUrl":"10.5210/jbc.v45i1.10831","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75049,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of biocommunication","volume":"45 1","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1d/86/jbc-45-1-e1.PMC9139793.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40699777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}