The Indian journal of occupational therapy最新文献

{"title":"Using research to educate, promote, and advocate for occupational therapy's distinct role in musculoskeletal conditions: Embracing our unique perspective","authors":"Luis de Arabit","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_36_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_36_19","url":null,"abstract":"In the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, musculoskeletal conditions were the highest contributor to global disability, accounting for 16% of all years lived with disability.[1] The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that between 20% and 33% of people across the globe live with a painful musculoskeletal condition.[2] Musculoskeletal conditions and injuries are not just conditions of older age; they are prevalent across the life course and most commonly affect people from adolescence through to older age.[2] In the United States, a recent report suggests that one in two adult Americans live with a musculoskeletal condition, the same number as those with chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases combined.[3] Musculoskeletal conditions are commonly characterized by pain, mobility limitations, diminished dexterity, and functional ability, helping contribute to a decline in people’s ability to engage in daily life and meaningful occupations. In addition, there is an inability to participate in social roles with a concomitant impact on mental health and well-being. The most common and disabling musculoskeletal conditions are osteoarthritis, back and neck pain, fractures associated with bone fragility, injuries, and systemic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.[2]","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"27 1","pages":"119 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84208361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dynamic muscular stabilization training over conventional exercise program on mechanical low back pain in office workers to improve the quality of life: A randomized controlled study","authors":"M. Mulye, Rashmi S Yeradkar","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_23_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_23_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most jobs nowadays are sedentary in nature. Due to incorrect posture, strain on the spine, pelvis, muscles, tendons, joints, bones, and discs can lead to fatigue and deformation. Low back pain (LBP) is the most common one among all pains. It has a profound impact on the quality of life (QoL). Core training has emerged as a major trend in LBP management and prevention. In Dynamic Muscular Stabilization Training (DMST), adequate dynamic control of lumbar spine forces is achieved, which reduces the repetitive injury to the structures of the spinal segments and related tissues. Thus, the aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of DMST on LBP in office workers. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of DMST in mechanical LBP to improve the QoL in office workers. Study Design: Prospective, experimental, randomized controlled, comparative study design was chosen for the research. Methods: One hundred and twenty-four office workers (male and female, aged 30-50 years) were screened on Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire (CMDQ). Fifty office workers were selected after screening, those who met the inclusion criteria (mechanical LBP and CMDQ for lower back more than 1.5). Office workers were equally divided into two groups, namely study group which received DMST and control group which received conventional exercises. Follow-up assessments were conducted at the baseline, 4th week, and 8th week on Oswestry LBP disability questionnaire (OLBPDQ) and World Health Organization QoL-BREF. Results: Both the study (n = 25) and control (n = 25) groups equally improved with their respective intervention. In the study group, LBP reduced more (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.636-14.764) postintervention. Whereas, a significant improvement in physical (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 86.099-91.301) and psychological (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 60.725-69.475) domains of QoL was found in the study group compared to the control group. The correlation between OLBPDQ score and QoL domains was significant. Conclusion: DMST improves QoL by a significant reduction in pain in office workers with mechanical LBP.","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"41 1","pages":"121 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85357707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of driving skills of indian adults on a driving simulator: A pilot study","authors":"Sushmita Ahirwal, A. Gupta, S. Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_16_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_16_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Driving is associated with independence, but it also exposes a person to harmful situations while on road. Safety becomes an important aspect while assessing an individual's driving ability. This study examined the driving performance of Indian drivers, both young- and middle-aged adults on driving simulator (DS). Three tests were selected on the DS: Ability test 1: clutch, accelerator, brake, and steering assessment; Ability test 2: stopping, precise stopping, hard stopping, and reaction time; and Ability test 3: city driving for 5 min. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess and compare the driving performance in young- and middle-aged Indian adults. Study Design: Observational, analytical study design was chosen for the research - a pilot study on DS. Methods: A total of thirty normal adults were included in this study. Among them, 15 normal adults who were of 20-40 years were called young adults and other 15 who were of 40-60 years were called middle-aged. The inclusion criteria were normal adults with experience of driving four-wheeler for ≥1-year, both male and females, and age >20 years. Exclusion criteria were normal adults who had readily noticeable visual, cognitive, or locomotors impairment which can compromise on the driving ability. The outcome measures were scores from DS software. The test scores were analyzed using unpaired t-test. Results: There were 30 normal adults included in the study (n = 30). In Ability 1, performance on clutch (P = 0.13), brake (P = 0.90), and accelerator (P = 0.97) did not show significant difference between the young and middle age groups; steering (P = 0.00) performance had highly significant difference between young- and middle-aged adults. Middle-aged adults performed better than young adults. In Ability 2, performance for precise stopping (P = 0.01) has shown a significant difference, whereas reaction time (P = 0.008) is highly significant. On the other hand, stopping (P = 0.6) and hard stopping (P = 0.85) do not have a significant difference between the two groups.In city driving (P = 0.00), middle-aged adults performed better than young adults. The level of significance was set at α =0.05 and the confidence interval was at 95%, and the degree of freedom was 28. Conclusion: The performance of driving skills in normal Indian adults on DS is an achievable functional measure. Middle-aged adults are at par with young adults in the simulated operations when checked on the DS for Ability 1, Ability 2, and city driving.","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"2 1","pages":"125 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84049503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between myofascial release and myofascial taping as an adjunct to conventional occupational therapy in the management of dequervain's tenosynovitis: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"T. Abdulkader, Karuna Nadkarni","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_26_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_26_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: De Quervain's tenosynovitis, the most common overuse injury involving the wrist. There is no consensus in the treatment of De Quervain's tenosynovitis; both surgical and conservative medical management have adverse effects. Myofascial release (MFR) and myofascial taping (MFT) are newer techniques which have been proven effective for other inflammatory and noninflammatory musculoskeletal conditions. Hence, the study was planned to determine and compare the effectiveness of the both the above-mentioned adjunct method along with conventional occupational therapy in the treatment of De Quervain's tenosynovitis. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare and study the effectiveness of MFT and MFR as an adjunct to conventional occupational therapy treatment in patients with De Quervain's tenosynovitis. Study Design: A prospective, comparative randomized controlled trial was conducted for 18 months. Methods: A total of 31 patients (both males and females aged 20-40 years) diagnosed with De Quervain's tenosynovitis, referred to outpatient department were randomized into two groups after screening by simple random allocation using computerized generated table, patients in MFT group (n = 16, 11 females and 5 males) received MFT along with conventional treatment and patients in MFR group (n = 15, 9 females and 6 males) received MFR along with conventional treatment. They followed up for treatment for 5 weeks, two times a week with each session lasting for 30-40 min. Pain level and functional improvement were evaluated using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score and Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) score, respectively, before therapy and at the end of the 3rd and 5th week of the 5-week therapy program. Results: Both the groups showed significant improvement in pain scores on VAS at the 3rd and 5th weeks (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the values between the two groups at 3rd week, but at the end of 5th week, MFT Group showed significant improvement in pain than MFR Group. Both the groups showed significant improvement in functional scores on PSFS at the 3rd and 5th weeks at value ofP < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: Although both MFT and MFR showed improvement in function and decrease in pain, when compared we could conclude that MFT along with conventional occupational therapy yield significantly better outcome measures in terms of decreasing pain and improving function.","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"16 1","pages":"145 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89634950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of smartphone use on hand dexterity in medical students: an observational cross-sectional study","authors":"Rithisha Shetty, Yash Gupta, Shilpshree Palsule, J. Kale, Palak Shah","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_32_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_32_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of smartphone has increased over the past few years and is predicted to increase in future. The literature emphasizes the effect of smartphone usage on the neuromuscular activity and development of musculoskeletal disorders. The literature studying the effect of smartphone usage on hand function dexterity is limited. Hence, the study was formulated to find the effects of smartphone usage on hand dexterity using Purdue Pegboard Hand Dexterity Test and Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) as evaluation tools. Objectives: The research was designed to study the effect of smartphone use on bilateral hand dexterity in medical students. Design: An observational cross-sectional study design was chosen for the research. Methods: After institutional ethics committee approval, a sample of 220 medical students was recruited using convenient sampling for this observational cross-sectional study. SAS, a self-reporting scale, was administered to each medical student, and one-time assessment for hand dexterity on the standard Purdue Pegboard Hand Dexterity Test was performed. The scores of SAS were categorized as low (<86), moderate (86-106), and high (>106). The mean scores of the Purdue Pegboard Hand Dexterity Test were compared within the categories and with the available Indian norms using descriptive statistical methods, single sample t-test, and ANOVA analysis. Results: A positive correlation (r = 0.31, P = 0.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-0.42) was found between SAS scores and time spent on smartphone. Hand dexterity (Purdue Pegboard Hand Dexterity Test) scores did not show any statistically significant correlation with the time spent on the smartphone and SAS scores, except “dominant” and “total” scores of the test. The “Total” score correlated as weak negative with SAS scores (r = −0.16, P = 0.01, 95% CI: −0.14-0.11); on association analysis with the categories of SAS, statistically significant difference between the mean scores (P = 0.035, 95% CI: 40.33-41.47) was observed. The “Dominant” score correlated as weak negative with SAS scores (r = −0.155, P = 0.045, 95% CI: −0.149-0.116); the association analysis with the categories of SAS did not show any significant difference. Significant difference was observed between the mean hand dexterity test scores of our study sample and the available Indian norms of the Purdue Pegboard Hand Dexterity Test. Conclusion: This study concluded that the duration of active smartphone use (texting and scrolling) does not affect the hand dexterity. However, excessive smartphone usage (high SAS scores) may have a weak negative impact on dominant hand dexterity in medical students.","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"9 1","pages":"136 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77469159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal sciences and work rehabilitation - A specialty in occupational therapy's clinical and research practice: The indian versus global scenario","authors":"P. Solanki, A. Srivastava","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_30_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_30_19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"43 1","pages":"117 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88737079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pretend play as a therapeutic modality to enhance social competence in children with autism spectrum disorder:A quasi-experimental study","authors":"N. Anu, S. Sugi, K. Rajendran","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_11_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_11_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Social development for a child is the child's ability to approach others, get along with other children and their ability to manage a relationship with other peers. Play as an occupation allows the child to express who they are as a player and to socially interact with others. Such a recognized play for a child to develop important skills is pretend play. Children who do not imitate or initiate play are likely to have difficulty in some area of childhood performance that limits their ability to respond. Objectives: To explore the pretend play behaviors and to improve social competence through pretend play for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Study Design: A prospective, comparative, interventional, quasi-experimental study design was chosen for this research. Methods: The study included 42 children, aged 3–7 years of both genders, diagnosed with ASD, verbalizing a word or two productively for interacting. All the children were assessed using Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment and Communication DEALL Developmental Checklist for social skills, who were then grouped into experimental group with Learn to Play program and into control group who were under general play-based social skill training for 80–100 sessions within 6 months of the study period. Results: Nineteen children out of 21 in the experimental group showed the presence of typical indicators of pretend play. There was a significant improvement (P < 0.005, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.000–0.069) in pretend play skills and social skills of the children in the experimental group after Learn to Play program. Further, an improvement on the elaborate play and imitative actions of pretend play and social skills of the control group (n = 21) was attained by general play-based social skill training. However, the effect of pretend play in the experimental group (P < 0.005, 95% CI: 0.000–0.133) was more than that in the control group. Conclusion: Learn to Play program to develop and improve pretend play of children with ASD is better than the general play-based social skill training. The study thus concludes that pretend play is an efficacious therapeutic modality to enhance social competence of children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"153 1","pages":"96 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89024454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of efficacy of the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-3 and the Rivermead Perceptual Assessment Battery with Performance of Indian drivers on driving simulator for determining off-road perceptual skills: A pilot study","authors":"S. Gupta, A. Gupta, Sushmita Ahirwal","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_15_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_15_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Driving simulator (DS) is frequently used in traffic research in order to study various traffic scenarios with related traffic phenomena. This current pilot study assesses off-road driving skills of Indian drivers using driving simulator and perceptual test batteries such as the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-3 (TVPS-3) and the Rivermead Perceptual Assessment Battery (RPAB). Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the off-road skills of Indian drivers using DS and comparing their performance on visual perceptual test batteries (TVPS-3 and RPAB). Study Design: An observational cross-sectional study design was chosen for the research. Methods: A sample size of 30 participants, based on convenient sampling method, who met the following inclusion criteria were included: participants with driving experience of ≥1 year, age range: 20–60 years, and no obvious visual and/or physical impairment or other such comorbidities. Participants underwent evaluation in two phases. Phase 1 included screening of participants for inclusion criteria and assessment of screened participants on DS. Driving Simulator: Participants were tested on “city driving test” for 10 min. In Phase 2, after completing assessment on driving simulator, participants were randomly assigned to either of the perceptual tests. By perceptual tests, participants' perceptual abilities were assessed either using RPAB or TVPS-3. Results: The RPAB group had 12 males and 3 females, whereas the TVPS-3 group had 11 males and 4 females. The mean age for the RPAB group was 40.33 ± 11.33 and for the TVPS-3 group was 40 ± 11.06. Pearson's correlation to compare the visual perceptual tests and performance on DS was found to be statistically significant (RPAB group: r = 0.80, P = 0.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.92 and TVPS-3 group: r = 0.82,P = 0.00, 95% CI: 0.56–0.93). The performance of Indian drivers on perceptual tests and driving simulator is highly correlated. Conclusion: There is a strong positive correlation between off-road driving skills (DS) with visual perceptual skills (tested on TVPS-3 and RPAB).","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"18 1","pages":"90 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79557416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To develop an occupational therapy kit for handwriting skills in children with dysgraphia and study its efficacy: A single-arm interventional study","authors":"Monika Verma, R. Begum, Richa Kapoor","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_20_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_20_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Handwriting is a complex perceptual-motor skill dependent on the maturation and integration of a number of cognitive, perceptual, and motor skills. Handwriting develops through instruction and is a complex process of managing written language by coordinating the eyes, arms, hands, pencil grip, letter formation, and body posture. Handwriting Without Tears Methodology™ (HWT) is an established handwriting curriculum created by Jan Olsen and is used by occupational therapy (OT) practitioners in traditional one-on-one service delivery. It is also designed for full classroom implementation and instruction and is used in thousands of Mainstream and Special Schools across the world. Objectives: The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of handwriting intervention with OT Kit (OTK) in treating children with dysgraphia (OTK included HWT products, other multisensory material, and fine-motor activities) and to establish the norms on OTK to enable it to be used by therapists for handwriting intervention in India. Study Design: Single-arm interventional study design was chosen for the research. Methods: In a pre- and post-single-arm interventional study design, 40 children diagnosed as dysgraphia (age group 6–11 years; male:female: 31:9) were recruited from a regular school and OT clinic. The handwriting performance was assessed using HWT Screener™ for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Grade from mainstream school and the Print tool®. The intervention using OTK was based on HWT program™, multisensory activities, and fine-motor activities. Results: Boys had difficulty in lowercase formations more than girls, and 9-year olds were found to have maximum difficulties in sequencing and memory components of written production. Variables of memory, placement, letter, and word spacing have shown maximum improvement. Where the primary outcomes are P < 0.05; 95% confidential interval [CI]: −4.15 to −1.61 (memory), −14.58 to −4.91 (letter spacing). Analysis of HWT screener shows memory, placement, orientation, and sentence formation to have maximum improvement in students of Grade 1st to 3rd where P < 0.05; 95% CI: −18.56 to −10.18 (memory) and P < 0.05; 95% CI: −12.49 to − 5.88 (placement). In Grade 4th variables, word and capital cursive have shown better improvement than lowercase cursive P < 0.05; 95% CI: −31.54 to − 11.49 (word cursive). Conclusions: OTK (HWT™ manipulatives, multisensory products, and fine-motor activities) was found to be beneficial in improving the handwriting skills in Indian children with dysgraphia. Significant benefits were seen in boys and younger children, when receiving HWT curriculum instructions.","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"130 6 1","pages":"85 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79683084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive study of community-based inclusion, rehabilitation, and multidisciplinary approach toward cross-disabilities in panchayats of North India","authors":"N. Paul, Balbir Guleria, Sanjeev Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_17_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_17_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Demonstrated multidisciplinary, scalable, and replicable panchayat models for effective inclusion of persons with disabilities (PwDs) are much needed in a developing country like India, with its 70% of population being rural. Literature on disability suggests a shift in policy thinking from the charity-, medical-, and institutional-based models of disability to social, community-based rehabilitation (CBR), and rights-based models. This study explored in-depth the Community-Based Inclusion and Rehabilitation (CBIR) program model of the Chinmaya Organisation for Rural Development (CORD), a nongovernmental organization working with 1800 PwDs in 100 panchayats of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. Objectives: The objectives were to identify PwDs with all types of disabilities in ten selected panchayats associated under the CORD's CBIR program as per the definitions of disabilities under the PWD Act, 1995, and the National Trust Act, 1999, and to explore multidisciplinary, scalable, and replicable aspects and interventions under the CBIR as a model for inclusion of all types of PwDs in rural India with reference to the World Health Organization's (WHO's) CBR matrix. Study Design: This is a descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative study conducted on the CORD's CBIR model with reference to the WHO's CBR matrix. Methods: A convenient sample of ten panchayats out of 100 panchayats under the CORD's CBIR interventions was studied. The principal investigator with a team of two co-researchers and five field facilitators worked as a team to conduct this study. A baseline format with reference to the WHO's CBR matrix was developed and administered for the collection of primary data besides related interviews of PwDs, their families, and related stakeholders. The CORD's CBIR program data, narratives, and focus group discussions were used to supplement the outcomes of this study. Results: This study observed that availability of disabilities specific, disaggregated and recorded government data on PwDs at the panchayat level was poor and non-existent. Primary data of 124 (100%) PwDs among the 4487 households with a total population of 22,438 in ten panchayats were collected and further investigated from April 2017 to March 2018. The findings highlighted 87 (70%) PwDs newly identified during the study, 60 (48%) PwDs below poverty line, and 113 (91%) marginal and socially backward PwDs. The program interventions enrolled 26 (21%) PwDs in schools, 72 (58%) mothers and women with disabilities in community groups, and 44 (35%) PwDs in productive livelihoods locally. Conclusion: There was evident marginalization of PwDs in multiple ways varying from data to dignity issues at the panchayat level. The CORD's CBIR model promotes the “empowering inclusion and development” of PwDs in the mainstream community at the panchayat level. The recent enactment of the comprehensive Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016, covering 21 types of disabilities, furthe","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"55 1","pages":"77 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74924646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}