The East African health research journal最新文献

{"title":"Variations in Postnatal Care (PNC) Interventions Provided to Newborns in Health Facilities Across Kakamega County, Western Kenya.","authors":"Ruth Shitabule, Everlyne Morema, Tecla Sum, Morris Senghor Shisanya","doi":"10.24248/eahrj.v9i1.829","DOIUrl":"10.24248/eahrj.v9i1.829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neonatal mortality remains high globally, with Kenya reporting a rate of 20 deaths per 1,000 live births. Essential Newborn Care (ENC) is crucial for preventing neonatal deaths, yet the provision of this care for the newborns is varied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analytical study evaluated the provision of PNC-ENC across four scheduled visits in Kakamega County, Kenya. Data were collected from 325 mothers through structured questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including ANOVA, were used to assess care provision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall mean provision of expected newborn interventions across the four visits was 57.82%. Provision was highest at the first visit (59.55%), declined at 2 to 4 weeks (55.16%), improved at 4 to 6 weeks (59.06%), and slightly declined at 4 to 6 months (57.50%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights gaps in the delivery of essential newborn care, particularly in physical examinations. Targeted interventions, including training and resource allocation, are recommended to improve provision to PNC care interventions and reduce neonatal mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":74991,"journal":{"name":"The East African health research journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"121-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12591026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145484109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Evidence-Based Decision-Making Among Specialized Nurses Working in Selected Health Facilities in Nairobi, Kenya.","authors":"Safari Agure, Wanja Tenamburgen, Lillian Muiruri, Erastus Muniu","doi":"10.24248/eahrj.v9i1.839","DOIUrl":"10.24248/eahrj.v9i1.839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence-Based Decision-Making (EBDM) is central to quality nursing practice, yet many nurses continue to rely on intuition when making clinical decisions. In low-resource settings such as Kenya, limited access to information, knowledge-sharing barriers, and institutional constraints further hinder EBDM. Understanding the factors that influence EBDM among specialized nurses is vital for improving patient care and health system outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a concurrent nested mixed-methods design guided by the ACE Star Model. The quantitative arm utilized a cross-sectional census of 51 maternal and child health nurses from four public hospitals in Nairobi, while the qualitative arm involved two in-depth interviews with supervisors. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and interview guide. Quantitative analysis was conducted using SPSS with logistic regression to identify factors associated with EBDM, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall response rate was 100%. Most respondents (72.5% female) were diploma holders with a median age of 30 years. Findings revealed that the predominant reliance on intuition was significantly associated with low utilization of EBDM (<i>p</i>=.039). Individual factors, including skills, incentives, and research literacy, were strongly associated with EBDM utilization (<i>p</i>=.001). Married nurses and those with higher academic qualifications demonstrated marginally lower odds of low EBDM utilisation. Institutional factors and barriers such as limited internet access, staffing constraints, and time shortages were reported but not statistically significant. Qualitative insights highlighted reliance on tacit knowledge, bounded autonomy, and workload pressures as major influences on decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Specialized nurses in Nairobi largely rely on tacit knowledge and intuition, with individual capacities playing a critical role in shaping EBDM. Strengthening research skills, integrating EBDM training early into nursing curricula, and creating institutional support systems are essential for enhancing evidence use in clinical practice. Strategies for capturing and translating tacit knowledge into actionable evidence should be prioritized to improve patient outcomes. Further large-scale, multidisciplinary studies are recommended to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74991,"journal":{"name":"The East African health research journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"198-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12591020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145484139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal Resuscitation Practices and Associated Factors Among Nurses in Tanzanian Delivery Suites: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Salehe Mrutu, Edwin Lugazia, Amina Omari, Atala Jongo, Hassani Msanga","doi":"10.24248/eahrj.v9i1.831","DOIUrl":"10.24248/eahrj.v9i1.831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal deaths contribute significantly to under-five mortality, with most deaths seen in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Birth asphyxia is the leading cause of these deaths, but it is preventable with effective resuscitation. In SSA, including Tanzania, inadequate neonatal resuscitation practice by health care providers has been identified as a significant contributor to neonatal mortality.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>The study aimed to assess the current practice of neonatal resuscitation and the associated factors among nurses located in the delivery suites.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done at Muhimbili National Hospital. It involved the direct observation of 138 cases of neonatal resuscitation(NR) by 49 nurses. Proportions were used to assess practice. The chi-square and Fisher's Exact Tests were used to determine associations between provider characteristics and practice. Logistic regression models were used to identify independent predictors of practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 52% of neonatal resuscitation cases met standard guidelines. Adequate drying was performed in 82.6% of cases, but inappropriate stimulation occurred in 16.7%, and wet towels were discarded in only 38.4%. Initial assessment was correct in 49.6%, and airway opening in 73.3%. A good mask seal was achieved in 93%, yet the first rescue breath was correctly given in 32.1% and the second course in 27.2%. One newborn required chest compressions, but they were incorrectly done. Documentation post-resuscitation was done in only 2.9% of cases. Formal training (cOR 0.181; 95% CI, 0.038 to 0.871; <i>P</i>=.033), in-house training (<i>P</i>=.049), work experience (cOR 0.368; 95% CI, 0.161 to 0.839; <i>P</i>=.017), and knowledge of neonatal resuscitation (cOR 0.392; 95% CI, 0.197 to 0.781; <i>P</i>=.008 were associated with neonatal resuscitation practice. Working experience of 3 to 5 years (AOR .352; 95% CI, 0.148 to 0.836; <i>P</i>=.018) was found to be an independent predictor of practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Neonatal resuscitation is still a challenge among providers working in delivery suites. Working experience is an independent predictor of practice, but other factors, such as knowledge level, training, and ongoing in-house training, are equally important. Regular training, integration of neonatal resuscitation into continuous professional development, and embedding resuscitation performance in quality improvement frameworks are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":74991,"journal":{"name":"The East African health research journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"134-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12974902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Preventive Methods, Health-related Outcomes, and Correlates of Sexual Behaviours among Adolescents in Malinyi District Council, Morogoro region, Tanzania.","authors":"Magdalena G Dinawi, Walter C Millanzi, Patricia Z Herman","doi":"10.24248/eahrj.v9i1.828","DOIUrl":"10.24248/eahrj.v9i1.828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social media, peers, teachers, parents, religious leaders, and close family members are just a few of the many sources of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information, education, related healthcare services, and rights that teens are inundated with for reproductive health, including safe sexual behaviors. This study evaluated the prevalence, preventive methods, health-related outcomes, and correlates of sexual behaviors among adolescents in the Malinyi district council, Morogoro region, Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 331 randomly selected in-school adolescents. The major data-gathering tool was interviewer-administered structured questions from prior studies. The data were analyzed using version 25 of the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% significance level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of respondents was 13 years ± 0.91, with 54.1% being female. 86.0% of respondents were sexually active before the age of 19 years, of which 48.0% of them had sex with friends, 11.1% with mobile phone salespeople, 9.1% with motorcycle drivers, and 1.7% with their biological parents. 44.0% of adolescents reported using no any type of contraception during sexual activity, while 8.7% and 13.3% reported using plastic bags and Vaseline jelly, respectively. Adolescents who experienced verbal sexual jokes (AOR = 2.009; <i>p</i><.05; 95%CI: 1.1.012-4.912), physical/tactile sexual jokes (AOR = 1.905, <i>p</i><.05; 95%CI: 1.011-3.397), owning smartphones (AOR = 1.310; <i>p</i><.05; 95%CI: 1.022-3.365), discussing family planning with friends (AOR = 2.300; <i>p</i><.05; 95%CI: 1.013-3.321), and using social media platforms (AOR = 1.708; <i>p</i><.05; 95%CI: 1.030-3.431) were at significant risk of early onset of unsafe sexual behaviors than others (<i>p</i><.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early onset of sexual behaviors among adolescents is still prevalent. Engaging in sexual activities with individuals closest to them, as well as others who were their blood family, utilising medically unapproved means such as plastic bags and Vaseline jelly during sexual activities, are common among adolescents. The study suggests system-wide school-based interventions to provide adolescents with age-appropriate and comprehensive SRH education and information for the delayed onset of sexual activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":74991,"journal":{"name":"The East African health research journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"106-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12974906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Colorectal Resection and Primary Anastomosis outcome at Muhimbili National Hospital.","authors":"Jumanne Omari Masea, Fransia Arda, Godfrey Mchele","doi":"10.24248/eahrj.v8i2.783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24248/eahrj.v8i2.783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anastomotic leakage is among the most common complications after bowel resection and primary anastomosis, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. As a result it tends to affect the quality of life and increase burden to the patients and caretakers. This study focused on the assessment of the predictors and outcome of anastomotic leakage among patients who underwent large bowel surgery that involved resection and primary anastomosis.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Hospital based prospective observational study at Muhimbili National Hospital. Data of the patients who underwent colorectal resection and primary anastomosis were collected by using a structured questionnaire. Consecutive recruitment sampling technique was applied to get the required sample size and followed for 30 days. Subjects' information including age, sex, perioperative information was documented and analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 141 participants. Among those operated, 23 (16.3%) developed anastomotic leakage with a mortality rate of 30.4%. Predictors which were statistically significantly associated with anastomotic leakage were hypertension, body mass index > 30kg/m², history of radiation therapy, female sex, high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade III-IV score and peritonitis. Increased length of hospital stay, re-admission and re-operation rate together with high mortality are among the outcomes of anastomotic leakage found in this study. No loss to follow up event occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anastomotic leakage remains a considerable problem among patients undergoing large bowel surgery at Muhimbili National Hospital. From the study site, factors such as peritonitis, HIV/AIDS, hypertension, history of radiation, obesity, high ASA score (III-IV) and female sex were found to be independent predictors of anastomotic leakage. Optimization of co-morbidities conditions before surgery, choosing best surgical option such as creating temporary stoma versus primary anastomosis in dirty wound may help to reduce the rate of anastomotic leakage.</p>","PeriodicalId":74991,"journal":{"name":"The East African health research journal","volume":"8 2","pages":"208-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Bladder Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Juveniles.","authors":"Oscar Ottoman, Mohamed Muyeka, Edrick Elias, John Igenge, Magreth Magambo, Humphrey D Mazigo","doi":"10.24248/eahrj.v8i3.796","DOIUrl":"10.24248/eahrj.v8i3.796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder caused by schistosomal infection is associated with aggressive complications and a poor prognosis. In schistosomiasis-endemic areas, it primarily affects adults over the age of 40 and rarely occurs in children under 15. For the first time at our hospital, we report a case of urinary bladder carcinoma associated with <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> eggs in a 13-year-old child from northwestern Tanzania, a region endemic for <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i>.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 13-year-old girl presented with left loin pain, turbid yellow urine, and upper limb pain for over a month. Multiple evaluations, including laboratory and ultrasonographic investigations, were conducted. Ultrasound findings revealed severe enlargement of both kidneys, with the left kidney being larger than the right. A computerized tomography (CT) scan showed severe bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter, likely due to vesicoureteral junction obstruction. A left nephrectomy was performed; however, the patient continued to experience dysuria. During cystoscopy, a tumor was identified on the left posterolateral wall of the bladder. Surgical exploration revealed adhesion of the tumor to the uterus, bladder neck, and cervix. A cystectomy was recommended, during which part of the right ureter was removed, and the remaining portion was anastomosed to the sigmoid colon. Histopathological examination of the tissue samples revealed invasive squamous cell carcinoma (Grade 1) involving the cervix and vaginal wall. Additionally, multiple active and calcified <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> eggs were observed. The patient was referred to the oncology unit for radio-chemotherapy, where she continues to receive treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chronic inflammatory responses associated with Schistosoma haematobium eggs in the urinary bladder walls can lead to severe complications affecting the entire urogenital system, regardless of age. These inflammatory responses may contribute to the development of squamous cell carcinoma even in young individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":74991,"journal":{"name":"The East African health research journal","volume":"8 3","pages":"291-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection of Rights of Knowledge Holders and Practitioners of Traditional Medicine in Tanzania.","authors":"Kijakazi Obed Mashoto","doi":"10.24248/eahrj.v8i2.791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24248/eahrj.v8i2.791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lack or inadequate implementation and enforcement of legal frameworks for accessing and benefit sharing arising from the use of traditional and indigenous knowledge is associated with sub-optimal exploitation of traditional medicine knowledge and related research outputs in many African countries.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study assessed the practice of protecting the rights of holders of traditional medicine knowledge, and identified challenges in regulating, registering and protecting traditional medicine based services, processes and products in Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Practice of protecting the rights of holders of traditional medicine knowledge in Tanzania was assessed through interviews with 12 knowledge holders and practitioners of traditional medicines, and 12 key informants from national regulatory authorities, and research and high learning institutions involved in traditional medicine research and development in Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Absence of frameworks for accessing and benefit sharing arising from the use of tradition medicine knowledge, mistrust and inadequate knowledge on procedures for protection of traditional medicine based intellectual property hampers the practice of protecting the rights of holders of traditional medicine knowledge in Tanzania. Costly and bureaucratic procedures are among the challenges encountered by knowledge holders and practitioners of tradition medicine in registration of their traditional medicine products and practices. Poor network relationship between holders of traditional medicine knowledge and research community slow down the progress of traditional medicine research and development. Lack of guidelines for regulation of traditional medicine research may be the result of overlapping roles of the National Institute for Medical Research and the Council of Traditional and Alternative Medicine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Tanzania, the environment for protecting the rights of holders of traditional medicine knowledge is suboptimal. To stimulate exploitation of traditional medicine for economic growth, there is a need to develop and implement national and institutional frameworks for accessing and benefit sharing arising from the use of traditional knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":74991,"journal":{"name":"The East African health research journal","volume":"8 2","pages":"280-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coverage of Child Disability Detection, Management, and Rehabilitation Health Services in Central Uganda.","authors":"Edith Akankwasa, Willy Kamya, Moses Sendijja, Janet Mudoola, Mathias Lwenge, Robert Anguyo Ddm Onzima, Simon-Peter Katongole","doi":"10.24248/eahrj.v8i2.778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24248/eahrj.v8i2.778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Child disability is a significant public health concern which impacts 1 in 20 children. Children with disabilities (CwDs) encounter deprivation of rights, biases in society, and a lack of access to necessary services, all of which are exacerbated by structural obstacles. This study assessed the coverage of child disability prevention, management and rehabilitation services in four districts of Central Uganda after two years of interventions to improve these services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) rapid health facility assessment method was employed to assess coverage of services based on sixteen indicators. The indicators were set based on constructs of: provision of disability-related services to CwDs; use of rehabilitation services; readiness of the health facilities (HFs) to provide basic disability management and rehabilitation services; community structures for linkage to disability management and rehabilitation services; psychosocial support provision; and upholding and protecting the rights of CwDs. A district-level decision rule was set based on 80% coverage target.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite the interventions, the services have yet to provide the desired level of benefit to CwDs and their caregivers. Out of the sixteen indicators for healthcare service coverage for CwDs, only three attained the 80% coverage target.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that greater focus by health service planners and project implementers is still needed, especially at the community and health facility levels to enhance the prevention, management and rehabilitation of CwDs. Psychosocial health services for caregivers of CwDs need special attention in order to achieve better service approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":74991,"journal":{"name":"The East African health research journal","volume":"8 2","pages":"168-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Clinical and Histopathological Diagnosis of Kaposi's Sarcoma at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.","authors":"Edrick M Elias, Amos Rodger Mwakigonja","doi":"10.24248/eahrj.v8i3.809","DOIUrl":"10.24248/eahrj.v8i3.809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment and outcome of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) depend on a correct histopathological diagnosis, however, most KS cases in developing countries are diagnosed clinically without histopathological confirmation, which results in either over or under-diagnosis. Also, due to the number of histopathological mimickers in different stages of KS which include benign to fatal conditions, the histopathological diagnosis of KS is not always correct. However, the HHV-8-LANA-1 Immunohistochemical (IHC) stain is positive in nearly all KS lesions and is considered to be an important diagnostic tool to differentiate KS from its histological mimickers. This study aimed to determine the quality of Kaposi's sarcoma diagnosis at MNH and whether it can be improved by the routine of HHV-8-LANA-1 immunohistochemical stain.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based study of all KS cases diagnosed either by clinical, histopathological, or both in 2018. KS was diagnosed based on H&E morphology and confirmed by HHV-8-LANA-1 immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis utility of clinical and histopathology was compared with HHV-8-LANA-1 immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was almost perfect agreement between initial and reviewed histopathology for KS diagnosis (Kappa value= 0.892, <i>p-value=.000</i>). The clinical diagnosis concordance rate was 61% with no agreement (Kappa value -0.123, <i>p-value=0.102</i>). Clinical differential diagnosis included a wide range of pathological conditions ranging from less severe inflammatory to fatal malignant conditions. There was a substantial agreement between initial histopathology and HHV-8-LANA-1 IHC for KS diagnosis (Kappa=0.70, <i>p-value</i> .000) with a histopathology concordance rate of 88%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Histopathological examination of all clinical KS suspicions and HHV-8-LANA-1 immunohistochemistry confirmation is required since the study showed that the histopathology misdiagnosis of KS at MNH was unlikely to be the result of human error. We recommend that in every clinically suspected KS case, an adequate tissue biopsy should be taken for histopathology analysis and HHV8-LANA-1 immunostaining to avoid inappropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":74991,"journal":{"name":"The East African health research journal","volume":"8 3","pages":"394-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Health on the Brink: The United States Withdrawal from WHO, Paris Climate Accord, and the 90-Day Freeze on Foreign Assistance: Implications and Strategies for Action.","authors":"Steve Wandiga, Léonard Ntakarutimana, Fabian Mashauri","doi":"10.24248/eahrj.v8i3.794","DOIUrl":"10.24248/eahrj.v8i3.794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent executive orders by President Donald Trump to withdraw the United States (U.S.) from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Paris Climate Agreement, compounded by a 90-day freeze on U.S. Foreign Assistance, present significant challenges to global health efforts. These actions threaten to exacerbate existing health crises, undermine decades of global health and health security gains, and leave Africa and the world more vulnerable to infectious diseases and public health threats. These decisions will likely hinder future health initiatives and disrupt critical climate change mitigation efforts. This short communication examines the potential consequences of these shifts and proposes strategies to mitigate their risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":74991,"journal":{"name":"The East African health research journal","volume":"8 3","pages":"288-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}