The Central African journal of medicine最新文献_第8页

A successful clinical pilot registry of four radiation oncology practices in Africa and Ontario. 一个成功的临床试点注册四个放射肿瘤学实践在非洲和安大略省。

The Central African journal of medicine Pub Date : 2011-09-01

T R Madzima, M Boshoff, D Abuidris, N Tsikai, G W Jones

{"title":"A successful clinical pilot registry of four radiation oncology practices in Africa and Ontario.","authors":"T R Madzima, M Boshoff, D Abuidris, N Tsikai, G W Jones","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Radiation Oncology practices can exhibit heterogeneities between and sometimes within institutions. Clinical registries with scope and detail could quantify consistency and distinctives that justify difference. Retrospective, isolated clinical audits are problematic, typically because not all data are captured in charts, while useful prospective clinical registries will have to be practical, efficient and accurate. We tested feasibility of a clinical registry at a critical time-point in the patient's clinical trajectory when treating physicians could have requisite data.Design: This was a prospective and non-randomized observational study. Four centres used a 1-page form to acquire data during a 4-month period. Patients had curative breast, rectum or prostate cancers, or were palliative. Objectives were to demonstrate form completion and to delineate patterns of disease presentation and clinical practice.Results: The 107 cases had 99% complete data, internally consistent within cases and centres. Similar practices were seen for 22 cases with curative rectal and prostate cancer, and 34 palliative cases, but of the 51 curative breast cancer cases those in Africa were with greater Stage, underwent more extensive surgery, were less likely to receive shorter radiation schedules, and were less exposed to Taxane-based chemotherapy regimens.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility for a simple clinical registry requiring minimal effort by participants. A real-time pan-African registry, operating continually or in regular waves, could provide important knowledge at little cost.","PeriodicalId":74979,"journal":{"name":"The Central African journal of medicine","volume":"57 9-12","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32458527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of hospitalization on the sleep patterns of patients aged 20- 30 years old admitted at a central hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe. 津巴布韦哈拉雷一家中心医院收治的20- 30岁患者的住院治疗对睡眠模式的影响。

The Central African journal of medicine Pub Date : 2011-05-01

H V Gundani, K Matongo

{"title":"The effects of hospitalization on the sleep patterns of patients aged 20- 30 years old admitted at a central hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe.","authors":"H V Gundani, K Matongo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To establish factors that can affect sleep patterns of hospitalised patients aged between 20 and 30 years at a central hospital. To identify hospital environmental factors and procedures or routines that affect sleep.Design: A non-experimental descriptive design with structured questions was used.Settings: An urban, central hospital in Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe.Participants: A random sample of 20 participants admitted at a central hospital aged between 20 and 30 years were included in the study.Main outcome measures: Varied indicators of sleeping patterns were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: This study showed that hospitalization affected (80%), a major proportion of the participants. Eleven (68.75%) spent most of their time awake because of hospitalization, the remainder, (31.25%) had their sleep increased because of hospitalization. Ten (62.5%) of the participants' sleep patterns were decreased by noise from other patients through crying and grunting. Furthermore, (31.25%) were disturbed by noise from nurses and their trolleys. Inadequate orientation altered the sleep patterns of all participants.Conclusion: Various factors influence negatively the sleep of hospitalized patients including lack of orientation of patients on admission. Because of the exploratory nature of this study, it is important to conduct further studies before concrete recommendations can be made.","PeriodicalId":74979,"journal":{"name":"The Central African journal of medicine","volume":"57 5-8","pages":"23-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32456546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors associated with occupational injuries at a beverage manufacturing company in Harare, Zimbabwe--2008. 2008年津巴布韦哈拉雷一家饮料制造公司的职业伤害相关因素。

The Central African journal of medicine Pub Date : 2011-05-01

G Gonese, M Tshimanga, J Chirenda, A Chadambuka, N T Gombe, G Shambira

{"title":"Factors associated with occupational injuries at a beverage manufacturing company in Harare, Zimbabwe--2008.","authors":"G Gonese, M Tshimanga, J Chirenda, A Chadambuka, N T Gombe, G Shambira","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A beverage manufacturing company reported 59.3% increase in occupational injuries between 2006 and 2007. Factors associated with occupational injuries at this company in Harare were characterized, described the injuries, identified the hazards and control measures in place.Design: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted.Setting: Two plants of a beverage manufacturing company in Harare.Subjects: We interviewed randomly selected workers at the 2 plants of the companyMain outcome measures: Prevalence of occupational injuries, Factors associated with injury, occupational hazards, control measuresResults: Of 392 workers interviewed, 53.3% reported having had a work-related injury. Twenty-six percent had not reported the injuries. Independent risk factors were: working in packaging department OR = 3.64 (95% CI: 2.25-5.88), having sleep disorder OR = 2.26 (95% CI: 1.21-4.22) and 7 day working week without rest OR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.01-3.47). Hazards identified were noise, broken bottles, unguarded machines and coal dust. High risk areas were automated. Common injuries were cuts/lacerations (70.8%) and the most affected parts being the fingers 27.3% (57/209) and the hands 17.2% (36/209). Most injuries (74.8%) occurred in the packaging department due to breaking bottles.Conclusion: Prevalence of occupational injuries is high. We recommended regular machinery maintenance to minimize bottle breakages, reduction in working time and supply of adequate personal protective clothing.","PeriodicalId":74979,"journal":{"name":"The Central African journal of medicine","volume":"57 5-8","pages":"26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32456549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Snakebite admissions in Zimbabwe: pattern, clinical presentation and management. 在津巴布韦蛇咬伤入院:模式，临床表现和管理。

The Central African journal of medicine Pub Date : 2011-05-01

D Tagwireyi, C F B Nhachi, D E Ball

{"title":"Snakebite admissions in Zimbabwe: pattern, clinical presentation and management.","authors":"D Tagwireyi, C F B Nhachi, D E Ball","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe the toxicoepidemiology of snakebite admissions to eight major referral hospitals in Zimbabwe.Design: Retrospective and descriptive case review.Setting: Four central hospitals (i.e., Harare, Parirenyatwa, Mpilo and United Bulawayo Hospitals) and four provincial hospitals (i,e., Gwanda, Bindura, Gweru and Mutare hospitals).Main outcome measures: Parameters assessed for included patient demographics e.g. age and gender, length of hospital stay, circumstances leading to snakebite, season and time of day of bite, culprit species, clinical presentation, management before and after admission, and outcome.Results: There were a total of 273 admissions due to snakebite. Over 60% of bites were to the feet and about 36% were to the arms and hands. The type of snake involved was recorded in 14.6% (40) the cases with puff adders (Bitis arietans) being the most commonly implicated species. First aid and other pre-hospital treatments were recorded in 38 cases with tourniquets employed in 24 cases (63.2%) and 13 patients visiting a traditional medical practitioner before going to hospital. There were similar proportions of males to females admitted with snakebite and the case fatality rate in this study was 2.9%.Conclusion: Most bites from snakes in Zimbabwe occur to the feet and are probably from puff adders. The torniquet appears to be the most commonly employed first aid measure for snakebite in Zimbabwe, and snakebite victims still consult traditional healers.","PeriodicalId":74979,"journal":{"name":"The Central African journal of medicine","volume":"57 5-8","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32456545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cecal volvulus in pregnancy: a case report. 妊娠期盲肠扭转1例。

The Central African journal of medicine Pub Date : 2011-05-01

O B Chihaka

引用次数: 0

An assessment of the maternal death notification system in Zimbabwe--2006. 对津巴布韦孕产妇死亡通报系统的评估————2006年。

The Central African journal of medicine Pub Date : 2011-01-01

T L Magwali, R Mataya, S P Munjanja, M Chirehwa

{"title":"An assessment of the maternal death notification system in Zimbabwe--2006.","authors":"T L Magwali, R Mataya, S P Munjanja, M Chirehwa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the completeness and usefulness of the maternal death notification system in Zimbabwe for the year 2006.Methods: As part of the Zimbabwe Maternal and Perinatal Mortality Survey (ZMPMS) maternal death notification forms lodged at the national and provincial levels were collected and analyzed. Data was entered into Stata version 6. The forms were also given to two clinician reviewers who assessed the quality of the information on the forms.Results: A total of 364 forms were found at the provincial level. Of these, 56% had had copies forwarded to national level. Information on antenatal booking status was available on 84% of the forms. The forms had been completed by ten different grades of health worker and cause of death was entered on 80% of the forms. Information on whether the death had been potentially avoidable was entered on 68% of the forms. Five different versions of the maternal death notification form were found in the field and a significant proportion of the forms were missing important demographic variables.Conclusion: The maternal death notification system for Zimbabwe was found to be incomplete and not standardized.","PeriodicalId":74979,"journal":{"name":"The Central African journal of medicine","volume":"57 1-4","pages":"8-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32456544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Renal dysfunction among anti-retroviral therapy naïve HIV infected patients in Zimbabwe. 抗逆转录病毒治疗中的肾功能障碍naïve津巴布韦艾滋病毒感染者。

The Central African journal of medicine Pub Date : 2011-01-01

G T Fana, C E Ndhlovu

{"title":"Renal dysfunction among anti-retroviral therapy naïve HIV infected patients in Zimbabwe.","authors":"G T Fana, C E Ndhlovu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence and determinants of renal dysfunction among HIV infected adults in the outpatient in Zimbabwe setting is unknown.Objective: To determine the proportion of patients with evidence of renal dysfunction among anti-retroviral treatment naive HIV infected patients in a tertiary outpatient setting.Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: HIV outpatients' clinic (Family Care Centre) at Parirenyatwa hospital.Subjects: 159 Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) naive HIV infected adults.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on ART-naive HIV infected willing adult participants, > or = 18 years old. WHO clinical staging was conducted on all participants. Urine was examined using urinary dipsticks and proteinuria quantification by calculating its protein: creatinine ratio. Serum creatinine and CD4 cell counts were measured. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) was calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula.Main outcome measures: The primary endpoint was renal dysfunction defined as CrCl < 60 ml/min. Protenuria, defined as > or = + dipstick positive and/or protein to creatinine ratio > 20 mg/mg was a secondary outcome.Results: Renal dysfunction defined as CrCl < 60 ml/min was found in 7.5% [95% CI 3.4-11.7] (12/159) of the participants. Risk factors for renal dysfunction were age [OR 1.14, (95% CI 1.06-1.22)], BMI [OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.61-0.94)] andproteinuria [OR 7.45 (95% CI 1.58-35.26)]. Proteinuria was common, occurring in 45.9% of the participants.Conclusions: [corrected] A high prevalence of proteinuria (45.9%) was found in this study, while the prevalence of reduced creatinine clearance was relatively low (7.5%). Screening for proteinuria is strongly recommended in ART naive HIV infected patients and should be complemented by measurement of serum creatinine and calculation ofcreatinine clearance.","PeriodicalId":74979,"journal":{"name":"The Central African journal of medicine","volume":"57 1-4","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32456542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the systolic blood pressure of the upper and lower limbs in young adults. 青壮年上肢和下肢收缩压的比较。

The Central African journal of medicine Pub Date : 2011-01-01

T Mwoyofiri, H M Chinyanga

{"title":"Comparison of the systolic blood pressure of the upper and lower limbs in young adults.","authors":"T Mwoyofiri, H M Chinyanga","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The anatomical structural origin of the left and right subclavian arteries is different. Could this difference translate into differences in blood pressure measurements? This was the question to be answered by this study. The experiments were done in the Department of Physiology at University of Zimbabwe-College of Health Sciences.Methodology: A Dinamap (CRITIKON, TAMPA, FL 33634), automated, oscillation-based machine was used to take blood pressure measurements on the arms and ankles of 112 subjects, 23 females and 89 males, aged 19-25, recruited between 0800 to 1600 hours on Monday to Friday of the week for 2 months. A towel was used for blindfolding subjects.Results: The mean systolic blood pressures (SBPs) were, right arm 121, left arm 117, right leg 152 and left leg 154 with the subjects sitting. The right arm systolic blood pressure (SBP) readings were higher in 62.1% of the subjects with a mean difference +/- S.E of (4.15 +/- 0.848). The right calf SBP readings were lower in 63.0% of the subjects with a mean difference +/- S.E of (3.44 +/- 2.29). Blinded subjects had lower SBP in 63.0% of the subjects with a mean difference +/- S.E of (2.06 +/- 0.779). The first was greater than the second sequential SBP readings in 81.5% of the subjects' right arm and was reduced to 59% by blindfolding the subjects, and the left was 67.2%. On the ankle pressure it was 67.2% left and 63.0% right.Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware that the right arm systolic blood pressure is higher than the left in most people. Also that it is different in the legs whereby the left ankle pressure is higher than the right ankle pressure.","PeriodicalId":74979,"journal":{"name":"The Central African journal of medicine","volume":"57 1-4","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32456543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Nazareth Town, Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚拿撒勒镇刚地弓形虫血清流行情况。

The Central African journal of medicine Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.4314/CAJM.V53I9-12.62616

T. Negash, G. Tilahun, G. Medhin

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Nazareth Town, Ethiopia.","authors":"T. Negash, G. Tilahun, G. Medhin","doi":"10.4314/CAJM.V53I9-12.62616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CAJM.V53I9-12.62616","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000To determine seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, assess its zoonotic importance and identify factors associated with seroprevalence.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Questionnaire survey and serological studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000SUBJECTS\u0000Questionnaire survey and 65 serum samples from male and female urban and peri-urban residents aged between 15 days and 65 years.\u0000\u0000\u0000MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES\u0000Feeding habits, purpose of keeping cats and association with family members, serologic evidence of toxoplasmosis by the Modified Direct Agglutination Test (MDAT), examination of HIV status using the HIV-Spot Test.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Over 86% of the interviewed people had a history of consumption of raw or undercooked mutton and had close contact with cats. Of the serum samples analyzed by the MDAT 60% had serologic evidence of Toxoplasma infection. Significantly higher MDAT tiers were encountered both in pregnant and immunocompromised individuals. The risk factors associated with Toxoplasma infection, i.e. raw or undercooked mutton consumption and presence of cats appeared significant.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS\u0000The significance of toxoplasmosis as a disease of zoonotic importance was demonstrated. Close contact between family members and the consumption of raw or undercooked mutton were the major risk factors in the transmission of the disease. Considering the relatively high prevalence as revealed by this study it would be important to conduct studies on a wider scale. It would also be important to increase public awareness and upgrade the knowledge on congenital toxoplasmosis.","PeriodicalId":74979,"journal":{"name":"The Central African journal of medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75096187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Malaria in pregnancy. 妊娠期疟疾。

The Central African journal of medicine Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.4314/CAJM.V54I1-4.62622

T. Magwali

{"title":"Malaria in pregnancy.","authors":"T. Magwali","doi":"10.4314/CAJM.V54I1-4.62622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CAJM.V54I1-4.62622","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that, nearly five billion episodes of clinical malaria occur worldwide each year. The disease causes about three million deaths annually with Africa suffering 90% of this burden.'it is also estimated that 25 million women fall pregnant in the malaria-endemic areas of Africa each year.2 Most o f the deaths due to malaria in Africa are in pregnant women and children under the age of five years.3 Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe malarial illness and most cases in Africa are caused by this species of the malaria parasite.3The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among pregnant women in rural areas in parts o f Africa can be very high. Verhoff and co-workers found a prevalence ofplasmodium falciparum malaria of 35.3% among primigravidae and 13.6% in multigravidae in a study done among pregnant women in rural Malawi.4 Women who live in areas of high or moderate (stable) malaria transmission have a degree of immunity to malaria whereas women who live in areas of low (unstable) malaria transmission usually have no immunity to the disease.5 Pregnancy is known to cause a lowered capacity for type 1 immune response.6 This reduces immunity to diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and leishmaniasis.","PeriodicalId":74979,"journal":{"name":"The Central African journal of medicine","volume":"93 1","pages":"20-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90431831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1