Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Nazareth Town, Ethiopia.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To determine seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, assess its zoonotic importance and identify factors associated with seroprevalence. DESIGN Questionnaire survey and serological studies. SUBJECTS Questionnaire survey and 65 serum samples from male and female urban and peri-urban residents aged between 15 days and 65 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Feeding habits, purpose of keeping cats and association with family members, serologic evidence of toxoplasmosis by the Modified Direct Agglutination Test (MDAT), examination of HIV status using the HIV-Spot Test. RESULTS Over 86% of the interviewed people had a history of consumption of raw or undercooked mutton and had close contact with cats. Of the serum samples analyzed by the MDAT 60% had serologic evidence of Toxoplasma infection. Significantly higher MDAT tiers were encountered both in pregnant and immunocompromised individuals. The risk factors associated with Toxoplasma infection, i.e. raw or undercooked mutton consumption and presence of cats appeared significant. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The significance of toxoplasmosis as a disease of zoonotic importance was demonstrated. Close contact between family members and the consumption of raw or undercooked mutton were the major risk factors in the transmission of the disease. Considering the relatively high prevalence as revealed by this study it would be important to conduct studies on a wider scale. It would also be important to increase public awareness and upgrade the knowledge on congenital toxoplasmosis.